RU2495554C2 - Machine to prepare soil for combine harvesting of potatoes - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to agricultural machine building, in particular, to machines for preparing of arable soil horizon for combine harvesting of potatoes. The machine comprises a frame, support following rollers, a digging actuator, bar elevators, a transverse conveyor and a lump-breaking device. The lump-breaking device comprises a driving shaft, on which there are setting discs. End discs are fixed to the setting discs, besides, between the discs there is a cylindrical tin pipe. On top the tin pipe has an elastic cylindrical cover with a spiral winding.

EFFECT: invention provides for improved efficiency of breaking of soil lumps.

2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agricultural machinery, in particular, to machines for preparing arable soil horizon for harvesting potatoes.

A known machine for preparing the field for planting and harvesting potatoes, the crushing device of which has sections of disks on the shaft with knives fixed to them [1]. The disadvantage of this device is the low efficiency of grinding and crumbling soil.

Of the known technical solutions, the closest in technical essence is a machine for soil preparation and combine harvesting of potatoes, consisting of a frame, supporting-copy rollers, a digging tool, rod elevators and a cross conveyor [2]. At the same time, it is equipped with a lump-breaking device made in the form of two sections symmetrically and mirrored on the shaft relative to the longitudinal axis of the machine. Each section consists of parallel disks mounted at an angle to the axis of rotation of the shaft; knives are pivotally mounted on each disk. The distance between the blades of the blades of adjacent discs is equal to 1.5 distances between the bars of the elevator. The ratio between the length of the knife and the distance from the axis of rotation of the shaft to the axis of the hinge of the knife mounting is in the range of 2.3-2.5. The destructive device is installed with the possibility of height adjustment.

The aim of the invention is to increase the efficiency of crumbling lumps of soil moving along the elevator of the machine, as when mechanized harvesting of potatoes on heavy soils with low humidity, soil lumps are formed commensurate with the size of the tubers. Lumps are not eliminated during separation, then they end up on bulkhead tables, making it difficult for the pickers and then to the hopper, reducing the purity of the potatoes in the hopper. Destruction and screening of soil lumps is relevant when harvesting with combines, receiving potatoes already in the bunker that do not require additional purification and are ready for storage.

This goal is achieved in that the machine has a lump-breaking device 5 controlled by an electric motor, so that two modes of operation of the machine are possible. The destructive device 5 includes an elastic spiral winding of 2/3 of its length, consisting of a drive shaft 7, on which the mounting disks 8 are located, end disks 9 are attached to them. A cylindrical tin pipe 10 is fixed between the disks 9. The tin pipe 10 is covered with an elastic cylindrical top the tire 11 with a spiral winding 12 (figure 2).

Figure 1 schematically shows a machine for soil preparation of the proposed design, figure 2 - lump-breaking device.

The machine contains:

1 - frame;

2 - backup copy rollers;

3 - digging working body;

4 - bar elevator;

5 - lump-breaking device;

6 - transverse conveyor.

The principle of the machine for preparing the soil for harvesting potatoes is as follows.

When the machine moves, a digging-in working body 3, mounted on a frame 1 connected to the supporting-rollers 2, cuts the soil layer and transfers it to the elevator 4, where the soil lumps are separated and crumbled by a lump-breaking device 5.

Conducted laboratory studies of a prototype machine for soil preparation and combine harvesting potatoes with the proposed design lump-breaking device showed its higher efficiency in comparison with the known technical solutions.

Information sources:

1. A.S. USSR, No. 697072, MKI3 A01B 43/00, 1979.

2. A.S. No. 1426483. MKI3 A01B 49/02. A machine for preparing a field for planting and harvesting potatoes / Petrov GD, Sorokin A.A., Alferov G.S., Gadzhiev P.I., Kim G.D., Makhlin B.E. - No. 4232394 / 30-15; Stated March 23, 87; Publ. 09/30/88; Bull. Number 36.

Claims (1)

A machine for preparing the soil for harvesting potatoes, including a frame, track rollers, digging tool, bar elevators, cross conveyor, characterized in that the machine has a lump-breaking device, which consists of a drive shaft on which the mounting discs are located, to them end disks are attached, and a cylindrical tin pipe is fixed between the disks, on top of the tin pipe is covered with an elastic cylindrical tire with spiral winding.

Images