RU2444170C1 - Machine for soil preparation for combine harvesting of potatoes - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: machine comprises a frame, support-gauge rollers, a digging working element, bar elevators, a transverse conveyor and a lump-breaking device in the form of two sections of working elements arranged as symmetrical and mirrorlike to the longitudinal axis of the machine. Each element of the section is made in the form of a disc with hingedly fixed knives. The middle of the knife in direction of disc rotation is connected to the middle of its circumference arc between adjacent knives with a spring. Behind the disc there is a grid installed, which is hingedly fixed with one side on the machine frame. The grid is made with the possibility to modify dimensions of the cell and angle of inclination in vertical plane.

EFFECT: invention provides for higher efficiency of breaking soil lumps moving along the machine elevator.

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Description

The invention relates to agricultural machinery, in particular to machines for preparing arable soil horizon for harvesting potatoes.

A known machine for preparing the field for planting and harvesting potatoes, the crushing device of which has sections of disks on the shaft with knives fixed to them [1].

The disadvantage of this device is the low efficiency of grinding and crumbling soil.

Of the known technical solutions, the closest in technical essence is a machine for preparing soil for planting and harvesting potatoes, consisting of a frame, supporting-copy rollers, a digging tool, bar elevators and a cross conveyor [2]. Moreover, it is equipped with a lump-breaking device made in the form of two sections symmetrically and mirrored on the shaft relative to the longitudinal axis of the machine. Each section consists of parallel disks mounted at an angle to the axis of rotation of the shaft; knives are pivotally mounted on each disk. The distance between the blades of the blades of adjacent discs is equal to 1.5 distances between the bars of the elevator. The ratio between the length of the knife and the distance from the axis of rotation of the shaft to the axis of the hinge of the knife mounting is in the range of 2.3-2.5. The destructive device is installed with the possibility of height adjustment.

The disadvantage of this technical solution is the low efficiency of crumbling lumps of soil due to the fact that the knives of the lumping device in contact with the lumps of soil only partially destroy them, and partially shift them in the direction of movement.

The present invention is aimed at improving the efficiency of crumbling lumps of soil moving along the elevator of the machine. Essence: the destruction of soil lumps occurs as a result of two processes - the impact of a knife spring-loaded relative to the disk on which it is pivotally mounted, as well as the lump of soil being thrown onto the grating located directly behind the disks of the lump-breaking device, when the spring force exceeds the rest friction force between the lump and the surface elevator.

This is achieved by the fact that in the machine for preparing the soil for harvesting potatoes, including a frame, track-rollers, a digging tool, bar elevators, a cross conveyor and a crushing device, made in the form of two working sections symmetrically and mirror-positioned relative to the longitudinal axis of the machine organs, and each working organ of the section is made in the form of a disk with knives pivotally mounted on it, according to the invention, the middle of the knife in the direction of rotation of the disk is connected with the middle of the arc of its circle between adjacent knives by a spring, and directly behind the disk there is a grate pivotally mounted on one side of the machine frame, while the grate is made with the possibility of changing the cell size and the angle of inclination in the vertical plane.

The implementation of the machine for preparing the soil for harvesting potatoes with a lump-breaking device of the proposed design ensures the destruction of lumps of soil moving along the elevator into fractions, the size of which can be adjusted by changing the size of the lattice cells and the stiffness of the spring.

Figure 1 schematically shows a machine for preparing soil for harvesting potatoes with a lump-breaking device of the proposed design, which contains:

1 - frame;

2 - backup copy rollers;

3 - digging working body;

4 - bar elevator;

5 - disk;

6 - hinge;

7 - knife;

8 - spring;

9 - a lattice.

Figure 2 shows a diagram of the destruction of soil lumps in contact with the knives of the lump-breaking device.

Figure 3 shows the design of the lattice with variable cell sizes.

The machine for preparing the soil for harvesting potatoes consists of a frame 1 with supporting rollers 2 mounted on it, a digging tool 3, bar elevators 4 and a crushing device consisting of a disk 5 with 6 knives placed on hinges 7. The middle of the knives 7 in the direction of rotation of the disk 5 is connected to one end of the spring 8, the other end of which is fixed in the middle of the arc between adjacent knives 7 of the circumference of the disk 5 (figure 1). Directly behind the disk 5, there is a grate 9 mounted pivotally on one side of the frame 1 of the machine, while the grate 9 is configured to change the angle of inclination in the vertical plane, as well as the size of the cell, for example, by placing additional jumpers in the holes of the grate 9.

The machine operates to prepare the soil for harvesting potatoes as follows.

When the machine is moving, a working unit 3 mounted on a frame 1 connected to the backup rollers 2 cuts the soil layer and transfers it to the elevator 4. When the disk 5 is rotated, due to the moment of inertia, the knives 7 are fixed on hinges 6 , stretch the spring 8. The contact of the knives 7 with the lumps of soil moving along the bar elevator 4, occurs by impact, while partly the lumps are destroyed, and partly discarded on the grill 9 (figure 2). The shift and rejection of the lumps of soil with knives 7 on the grate 9 occurs when the elastic force F exceeded _. spring 8 rest friction force F _Tr. between the lump and the surface of the elevator 4. Larger undisturbed fractions of lumps of soil have a lower speed (ν ₁ > ν ₂ > ν ₃ ), therefore, the angle of contact with the grating 9 relative to the vertical plane is larger than for small fractions. Therefore, the angle α of the inclination of the grating 9 in the vertical plane - during the operation of the machine - can be changed depending on the properties of the soil (moisture, hardness, density, etc.). In addition, depending on the soil properties, the cell size of the lattice 9 can also be changed, for example, by installing jumpers in the holes of the lattice 9 or removing jumpers from them (Fig. 3). In this case, the impact force of the knives 7 on the lumps of soil, as well as the angle of the throw of the lump towards the grating 9 can be changed by changing the stiffness of the spring 8.

Conducted laboratory studies of a prototype machine for soil preparation and combine harvesting potatoes with the proposed design lump-breaking device showed its higher efficiency compared with the known technical solutions.

Information sources

1. A.S. USSR, No. 697072, MKI ³ A01B 43/00, 1979.

2. A.S. No. 1426483, MKI ³ A01B 49/02. A machine for preparing a field for planting and harvesting potatoes / Petrov GD, Sorokin A.A., Alferov G.S., Gadzhiev P.I., Kim G.D., Makhlin B.E. - No. 4232394 / 30-15. Stated March 23, 87. Publ. 09/30/88. Bull. Number 36

Claims (1)

A machine for preparing soil for harvesting potatoes, including a frame, skating rollers, a digging tool, bar elevators, a cross conveyor and a crushing device, made in the form of two sections of working bodies symmetrically and mirror-mounted relative to the longitudinal axis of the machine, each working body sections made in the form of a disk with knives pivotally mounted on it, characterized in that the middle of the knife in the direction of rotation of the disk is connected to the middle of the arc of its circle between with spring knives, and directly behind the disk there is a lattice pivotally mounted on one side of the machine frame, while the lattice is made with the possibility of changing the dimensions of the cell and the angle of inclination in the vertical plane.

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