RU2442303C1 - Way of primary soil cultivation - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention refers to the field of agriculture. The method includes soil chopping, displacement and backset. The chopped soil seam is crumbed and divided into two parts in the vertical plane. One part is twisted round and is placed on the daylight surface of the field, and another part is displaced without the backset onto the bottom of the open furrow. The seam that was chopped concurrently with the first one is crumbed and is also divided into two parts in the vertical plane. One of the parts is twisted round and is placed on the moved part of the previous soil seam. Another part is moved to the open furrow, and between the moved part of the soil seam without the backset onto the bottom of the open furrow and the part of the soil seam that was placed on it with the backset there appear a layer of crop remains and plant residues.

EFFECT: improvement of the quality and to decrease in the energy consumption of the primary soil cultivation.

1 dwg, 6 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agricultural production, in particular to methods of primary tillage.

A known method of tillage, including cutting the upper part of the soil layer, shifting the cut part of the formation to the field surface, followed by rotation and laying in the furrow of the upper and lower parts of the formation (description of the invention to the USSR AS No. 1724030, IPC A01B 15/00, publ. 04/07/92. Bull. No. 13).

However, double cutting of the same soil layer with the displacement of the upper part of the soil layer and the subsequent rotation of both parts leads to an increase in resistance to the processing of such a soil layer and a decrease in the quality of plowing due to disturbance of the soil structure.

The closest in technical essence to the claimed technical solution is a method of tillage, including cutting the upper part of the soil from the open furrow, followed by its displacement to the bottom of this furrow, then cutting, rotation and displacement with a change in the center of gravity of the L-shaped lower part of the formation soil, as a result, the upper part of the layer is located under the two lower layers of soil treated with different plow bodies (description of the invention to the AS of the USSR No. 1727593, IPC A01B 79/00, publ. 04/23/92. Bull. No. 15).

The disadvantages of the known method of tillage include the formation of ridges of large size on the surface of the arable land, since there is an incomplete revolution of the lower L-shaped part of the soil layer and its emphasis on the upper part of the soil layer, previously displaced to the bottom of the open furrow. In addition, the displacement of the lower part of the soil layer with a change in its center of gravity increases the energy intensity of the main soil cultivation process.

The task to which the claimed technical solution is directed is to improve the quality and reduce the energy intensity of the main tillage.

The problem is solved in that in the method of primary tillage, the soil layer is cut to a specified depth, then crumbling and dividing in a vertical plane into two parts, while one part is wrapped and laid on the day surface of the field, forming an open furrow in the arable layer. Another crumbled part of the soil layer without wrapping is displaced into the formed open furrow. In parallel, the cropped soil layer crumbles and is also divided in a vertical plane into two parts, one of which is wrapped and laid on the displaced part of the soil layer. The other part of the parallel cut formation is displaced without wrapping to the bottom of a parallel formed open furrow. A layer of stubble and plant debris is formed between a part of the soil layer displaced without a turn to the bottom of the open furrow and a part of a parallelly cut and crushed soil layer laid with a turn.

In this case, the quality of the main tillage is improved due to the fact that the soil structure is not disturbed in the crushed and displaced without a turn part of the soil layer. When the crumbled and inverted part of the formation is laid on it, a layer of stubble and plant debris is formed, in which there are seeds of weed plants that die as a result of the development of decay processes. In addition, a layer of stubble and plant debris between the parts of the soil layer promotes good penetration of moisture into the soil in the autumn-spring period, and in the summer period prevents evaporation of moisture from the bottom of the treated arable layer.

Due to the turnover of only one part of the undercut soil, less energy is spent on tillage. Thus, a reduction in the energy intensity of the primary tillage technology is achieved.

The invention is illustrated by the following drawing.

Figure 1 presents the method of primary tillage.

The positions in the drawing indicate:

1 - cutting and crumbling of a part of the soil layer;

2 - wrapping and laying part of the soil layer on the day surface of the field;

3 - open furrow;

4 - cutting and crumbling of a part of the soil layer from the untreated field;

5 - displacement of part of the soil without wrapping on the bottom of the open furrow;

6 - parallel cutting and crumbling of a part of the soil layer;

7 - wrapping and laying part of the formation on the part of the soil, displaced without wrapping, on the bottom of the open furrow;

8 - parallel cutting and crumbling of a part of the soil layer from the side of the untreated field;

9 - parallel open furrow;

10 - displacement of part of the soil without wrapping on the bottom parallel to the open furrow;

11 - a layer of stubble and plant debris.

The letters in the drawing indicate:

a - the depth of the cultivated soil layer;

b is the width of the cultivated soil layer;

b ₁ - the width of the part of the reservoir, cut from the side of the untreated field;

b ₂ - the width of the part of the reservoir, cut from the side of the furrow.

The method of primary tillage is performed according to the following scheme (figure 1). Initially, the soil layer is trimmed to a specified depth a, and then crumbling and dividing in a vertical plane into two parts with a width of b ₁ and b ₂ . Then one part of the soil layer 1 with a section a × b _{2 is} wrapped and laid on the day surface of field 2, forming an open furrow 3 in the arable layer. The other crumbled part of the soil layer 4 with the cross section a × b ₁ without shifting shifts 5 into the formed open groove 3. In parallel, the soil layer crumbles and is divided into two parts in the vertical plane, crumbles, and part of the soil layer 6 with the cross section a × b ₂ turns around and fits 7 onto part of the soil layer with a section of a × b ₁ previously displaced without a turn to the bottom of the open furrow. The other part of the parallel cut layer 8, located on the side of the untreated field, crumbles and shifts 9 without wrapping to the bottom of the parallel formed open furrow 10. Moreover, between the crushed and shifted part of the soil layer 5 without a turn to the bottom of the open furrow with a section a × b ₂ and crushed laid with a part of the soil layer 7 with a section of a × b ₁ turned over, an interlayer of stubble and plant debris 11 is formed. Next, the main tillage method is repeated similarly to the previous operations 6-9.

Claims (1)

A primary tillage method, including cutting, shifting and turning, characterized in that the cut soil layer is crushed and divided in a vertical plane into two parts, one part being wrapped and laid on the day surface of the field, and the other part is shifted without a turn to the bottom of the open furrows, a parallel cut soil layer are crumbled and also divided into two parts in a vertical plane, one of which is wrapped and laid on the displaced part of the soil layer, and the other part is shifted into an open furrow, and between An interlayer of stubble and plant debris is formed between the displaced part of the soil layer without a turn to the bottom of the open furrow and the part of the soil layer laid on it with revolution.