RU2404581C1 - Method of manufacturing models of anatomical preparations of hollow and tubular organs - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: medicine.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to medicine, in particular to anatomy, pathological anatomy, topographical anatomy, and can be used as visual aids in teaching anatomy and surgery at educational institutions. Method of manufacturing models of anatomical preparations of hollow and tubular organs is realised on the basis of corrosion technology, by application of silicon hermetic material as filling agent, for instance "Silicon acetat 101 e". In method, dense even filling of hollow and tubular anatomical structures is carried out, ligatures are applied, without allowing silicon leakage; preparation is kept in 50-90% solution of sulfuric acid for from 2 to 3 days, thoroughly washed under stream of running water until complete removal of hydrolysed tissues.

EFFECT: there is claimed method of manufacturing models of anatomical preparations of hollow and tubular organs.

1 ex

Description

The invention relates to medicine, in particular to anatomy, pathological anatomy, topographic anatomy, can be used as visual aids in the teaching of anatomy and surgery in educational institutions.

In the manufacture of a corrosive preparation, researchers traditionally face the problem of choosing affordable, inexpensive, easy-to-use injection media - fillers. Currently, a fairly large and constantly growing list of injectable substances is known, however, none of them fully meets the requirements of the quality of the resulting drug or cost.

In particular, the methyl methacrylate used most often at present for such purposes - Protacryl M, is technologically inconvenient, since it is a two-component preparation. To mix its fractions, some authors even propose a special device - a rotational mixer for long-term polymerization of Protacryl M [Mochalov O. Individual variability of the architectonics of the blood vessels of the kidney: Dis. ... doctor. honey. sciences. Kishenev: 2006. - 168 p.], Which is inconvenient and not always accessible. In addition, for the sake of visualization of the corrosive preparation, a coloring substance must be added to the Protacryl M injection medium. At the same time, the resulting impression can lose the color of the dye both at the manufacturing stages and during storage.

Panfilov S.A. et al. 12 corrosive bile duct preparations were manufactured using Protacryl M. The liver was immersed in 35-38% hydrochloric acid for 4-5 days [Panfilov SA, Fomichev OM, Mamedli Z.Z. Three-dimensional cholangiography for diseases of the biliary tract. - Russia, M., Laboratory of Computer Technology, Department of General Surgery, MGMSU]. The disadvantages of this polymer can also include fast polymerization, which is inconvenient in the manufacture of large organocomplexes, as well as the pronounced fragility of the obtained casts, the high cost and inaccessibility of Protacril M. In addition, it quickly freezes in air, which is not very convenient in the manufacture of volumetric corrosive organocomplexes from a technological point of view. It also has little resistance to physical activity, which creates certain problems (difficulties) in the final stages of obtaining a very brittle corrosion preparation.

Grishina I.I. made corrosion preparations of blood vessels of maral fruits, injecting them with hardening masses (sielast, plastic for the manufacture of orthodontic preparations "REDONT03" with dilution with AKP7 monomer in a 1: 2 dilution; MAKROFLEX polyurethane mounting foam, HERCULES) through umbilical arteries and veins the state of the blood vessels of the head, chest and pelvic limbs. After vascular injection, the fruits were fixed in 8-10% neutral formalin solution. Then the material was corroded in an aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide (diluted 1: 2) for 4-10 days with periodic washing with running water in order to better cleanse the lysed surrounding tissues according to the method of B. D. Schulz (1964) and Yu.L. Zolotko (1972) [Grishina I.I. Morphology of the main vascular arteries in maral in the fetal period: Abstract. dis. ... cand. honey. Sciences: Barnaul 2006. - 19 p.]. However, the AKP7 preparation is currently difficult to access, expensive and, as it turned out, very brittle, which is confirmed by the opinion of the authors who have been working directly with it for many years [B. Shmelev. To the question of the segmental structure of the human liver: Dis. ... cand. honey. Sciences, Voronezh: 1968. - 257 p.].

It is known to use silicone for the manufacture of medical casts. So, Ibragimov T.I. et al. determine the hemodynamics of the mucous membrane of the cheek to assess adaptation to dentures by removing a silicone impression from the inner surface of the right and / or left cheek and, further, directly make a device by pressing it from a transparent plastic mass using Ergopress [Ibragimov T.I. , Turushev E.I., Khlustikova S.Yu., Larionov V.M. A method for determining hemodynamics of the mucous membrane of the cheek: RF No. 2165238, 2001]. In this case, the authors use expensive medical silicone for purposes other than the manufacture of corrosive preparations.

The well-known "Method for the preparation of anatomical preparations of hollow and tubular structures" (US Pat. RU No. 2320168), where the authors propose to fill the hollow and tubular structures with a cold hardening mass, consisting of a siloxane component, diethyl ether, carbon dioxide and dye. The drug is placed in a thermostat for 24 hours at a temperature of + 40 ... + 50 ° C, moistened for 24 hours at a temperature of + 25 ... + 35 ° C, then placed in a solution of hydrochloric acid for 24-48 hours, after which it is washed, bleached and are dried.

The disadvantages obtained by this method of imitations are the use of several components in the composition of the filler, not manufactured under industrial conditions, the combustibility and explosiveness of the ether used, the toxicity of carbon dioxide in the manufacture of anatomical preparations and their use.

Known "Means for posthumous filling of the lymphatic vessels of the eye region in animals" (US Pat. RU No. 2272407). The tool includes, wt.%: Blue outline oil paint 46-48, chloroform 23-24, turpentine purified 23-24 and ether - the rest in the indicated ratios of the components. The invention provides the filling of all lymphatic vessels and capillaries, allowing to identify the thinnest network of loops of lymphatic capillaries in the conjunctiva, eye tissues and the surrounding eye area.

The disadvantages of the tool used is its multicomponent nature, the presence of flammable chloroform and ether. In addition, these components are not readily available, expensive and require special storage and use conditions.

The well-known "Method for the manufacture of educational anatomical preparations of blood vessels on cadaveric material" (application RU No. 2003100451). The method consists in carrying out pouring into the vessels of the pouring mass, which is diluted with gasoline “Auto-sealant gasket” with the addition of oil paints of various colors (cadmium red for injection into arteries and chromcobalt, Prussian blue or Prague blue for veins, green for bile ducts, etc. .d.), while the vessels of the limbs, head and neck are first poured, then the remaining vessels are poured, after which they are painted outside with the same bulk mass. To stain vessels from the outside, the bulk liquid is additionally diluted with gasoline in a ratio of 1: 3.

However, as follows from the description of the invention, the authors did not make corrosive preparations, and the disadvantages of the method itself are the great technical complexity of preparing the whole corpse for educational purposes and the use of a flammable substance - gasoline.

The purpose of the invention is the creation of imitations of hollow and tubular organs for use in anatomical, pathological practice and the educational process.

The above goal is achieved by the fact that we propose to use an injection medium - Silicon acetat 101E from Kim Tec, used in industrial construction in corrosion engineering.

Silicon acetat 101e Kim Tec is a one-component, universal silicone sealant that forms an elastic, resistant, durable joint. Information provided directly by the manufacturer of this silicone filler:

manufacturer and country of manufacture - Kim Tec (Germany);

polymerization system (type of sealant "acidic" or "neutral") - acid hardening;

Recommended and permitted areas of application - suitable for indoor and outdoor construction work. According to its specification, it is used for sealing and gluing non-porous surfaces. The most typical applications: kitchens, pools, showers, toilets and bathrooms, etc. Not applicable for substrates reacting with acetic acid, for bonding aquariums and natural stone, in places where contact with food is possible;

density (g / cm ³ ) - 1.03 g / cm ³ ;

surface film formation time (min) - 9 min;

hardening speed -

(230 ° C / 50% relative humidity) (h) - 3.0 mm / 24 h; 6.5 mm / 48 h; 10.0 mm / 72 h;

Shore A hardness - 20;

modulus (MPa) at 100% tension - 0.62 MPa;

tensile strength at break (MPa) - 2.03 MPa;

elongation at break (%) - 450%;

allowable application temperature (° C) - from +5 to +40;

permissible operating temperature (° C) - from 50 to +180;

Warranty period of storage (months) - store at a temperature of 5 ° С to + 50 ° С, 24 months.

The silicone filler offered by us has the following positive physicochemical characteristics necessary specifically for the manufacture of corrosive preparations.

1. The single component of the substance, which, undoubtedly, is a positive quality when working with the drug both in the manufacture of single copies and in serial production.

2. The practical ease of introducing silicone filler into the vascular bed or organ cavity, which is achieved by using a special sealant gun (used to apply silicone to the mounted surface), which provides a dense, but at the same time, uniform and metered filling of the vascular bed or organ cavities given injectable substance.

3. This polymer penetrates well into small diameter vessels, contributing to a more complete filling of the microvascular bed.

4. Unlike some substances used in the manufacture of corrosive preparations, Silicon acetat 101e Kim Tec is hydrophilic, which is also its advantage. With increasing environmental humidity (in the aquatic environment), the hardening of silicone accelerates.

5. There are polychrome colored silicone sealants manufactured under industrial conditions, that is, the manufacture of corrosive preparations does not require the addition of dye. Moreover, the dye at the manufacturing stages is resistant to concentrated acids and alkalis, UV rays. During operation, the resulting corrosive preparation is resistant to UV rays and does not discolour in the hardened mass.

6. Provides greater strength and elasticity of the obtained casts, which also acquire a smooth surface due to the absence of gas bubbles, do not change the linear and volumetric dimensions during hardening and storage. In addition, the silicone sealant used contains antifungal additives and, accordingly, has fungicidal properties.

7. One of the distinctive properties of the medium used is the relatively long solidification time (12-16 hours), which is especially important when working with a large volume of the vascular bed (cavity) in the manufacture of not only monochrome, but also polychrome corrosion preparations, when a lot of time is needed for the introduction of an injectable substance, as well as the correct laying of the drug.

8. Silicone sealant is cheaper than medical silicone. The price of a carton sealant (packed in a plastic cartridge with a spout) is 70-80 rubles with a filling volume of 260-310 ml. The price of wholesale importers supplying sealant to Russia is 35-40 rubles.

As an example, we give a method for preparing a monochrome corrosion preparation of the venous system of the kidney.

The kidney is entirely isolated from the bed of the surrounding fat capsule and is removed from the unfixed corpse with the longest honorable leg. Through the lumen of the vein, the bloodstream is thoroughly washed with running water until the blood is removed.

The fixed end of the rubber tube is worn on the tube nose with a substance, for example, Kim Tec Silicon Acetate 101e, inserted into a regular construction sealant gun used to apply silicone and liquid nails to the surface to be mounted. With the help of this gun, a dense, but at the same time, uniform filling with the polymer of the venous network of the kidney is carried out. A pre-calculated graduated scale (in ml) is placed on the tube containing the injected silicone, which allows you to accurately determine the volume of the injected filler. In this case, the density and sufficiency of filling is controlled both visually and by palpation. Then the rubber tube is carefully removed and the renal vein is rapidly ligated to prevent silicone leakage.

The kidney preparation so injected is placed in a desiccator with 50-90% sulfuric acid, where the organ is in a floating state, which prevents its deformation and uneven distribution of the Silicon acetat 101e Kim Tec substance. In a solution of sulfuric acid, the kidney is within the time required for complete acid hydrolysis of organ tissues from 2 to 3 days. At the end of acid corrosion, the organ is thoroughly rinsed under running tap water until the hydrolyzed tissues are completely removed. Corrosion with concentrated sulfuric acid is a process that allows to obtain imitations of the studied anatomical structures, which as a result acquire strength, durability and elasticity. Due to the high degree of dispersion of silicone, it is possible to produce casts of blood vessels (for example, arteries) with a diameter of up to 0.2-0.3 mm according to the above method.

The high quality of the drugs obtained as a result of the application of the proposed method is its undoubted advantage.

Claims (1)

A method of manufacturing dummies of anatomical preparations of hollow and tubular organs made on the basis of a corrosion technique, characterized in that silicone sealants, for example, Silicon acetat 101e, are used as a filler, dense uniform polymer filling of hollow and tubular anatomical structures, ligatures are applied, not allowing leakage of silicone; the drug is kept in a 50-90% sulfuric acid solution for 2 to 3 days, thoroughly washed under running tap water until the hydrolyzed tissues are completely removed.