RU2399540C1 - Transport facility - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: transport.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to machine building. Proposed transport facility comprises body, engine, transmission, chain tracks, front and rear wheels, and device to displace said wheels up or down relative to chain tracks bearing surface by means of hydraulic cylinders. Front and rear wheels of aforesaid device are arranged in the latter to be driven by front and rear pairs of hydraulic cylinders. Hydraulic cylinders of each pair are communicated via oil pipelines in parallel, while between pairs and with control channels of hydraulic control valve they communicate via two-way hydraulic lock. Oil pipeline communicating pairs of said hydraulic cylinders communicates with outlet channels of said two-way hydraulic lock via one-way hydraulic lock. Said one-way hydraulic lock opens oil passage at the pressure higher than that at which two-way hydraulic lock does it.

EFFECT: higher cross-country capacity.

3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to vehicles, in particular to cross-country vehicles, tractors with wheels and tracks together, to other machines.

Known vehicles containing tracks, wheels and a device for raising and lowering tracks above or below the wheel bearing surface or for raising and lowering wheels above or below the wheel bearing surface. This is necessary for faster (than on tracks) driving on wheels on a paved road, as well as on a dirt road with a wheel-friendly surface, for example, according to [1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6] and others.

Their disadvantages are that either it is too time-consuming to move the wheels with springs below the track support surface [6], or to maneuver on the caterpillar track is generally impossible and the wheels cannot copy uneven roads [5], or the device for connecting the tracks to the body is unnecessarily difficult for a self-propelled vehicle [4], or the lateral stability of the vehicle is reduced to the level of stability of the tricycle and it does not have devices to mitigate stiff shaking on uneven paths with increasing speed on wheels [3], or the control of lowering the wheels with hydraulic cylinders is inconvenient, since the operator can’t see from the cab whether there is sufficient piston travel in the front or rear pair of hydraulic cylinders to copy the unevenness of the track surface by each of the four wheels, and how much the lower track branch is raised above the road surface [2], or maneuvering steering wheels controlled by the steering mechanism when driving along a dirt road into a muddy road is difficult both on a wheeled track and on a tracked one all the more, and on a bend with a lateral slope and a speed zkoy road surface the vehicle is slipping in a roadside ditch at the roadside since maneuvering tracks provided [1].

A vehicle is known comprising a housing, an engine, a transmission, tracks, front and rear wheels, as well as a device for moving wheels relative to the body above and below the track support surface by means of hydraulic cylinders [2], which is adopted as a prototype.

The disadvantage of such a vehicle is that when moving it to a position for driving on wheels, the operator in the cab does not see how many lower branches of the tracks are raised above the track surface and whether the necessary piston stroke remains in one of the pairs of hydraulic cylinders to copy the unevenness of the wheels. In addition, the increased speed of movement on the wheels is accompanied by strong shaking, as small wheels with increased air pressure are used for compactness.

The technical result of the invention is a vehicle with a convenient translation into the position of movement on wheels.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION A vehicle comprising a housing, an engine, a transmission, tracks, front and rear wheels, and a device for moving wheels relative to the body above and below the track support surface by means of hydraulic cylinders, in which according to the invention, the front and rear wheel pairs are installed in the wheel moving device with the possibility of moving them by the front and rear pairs of hydraulic cylinders, connected in each pair by oil pipelines in parallel, and between the pairs and with the control channels of the valve, connected by oil pipelines sequentially through a two-way hydraulic lock, the oil pipe connecting pairs of hydraulic cylinders with each other, also connected by oil pipelines and with the output channels of the two-way hydraulic lock through a one-way hydraulic lock, which opens the passage for oil at a higher pressure than the two-way hydraulic lock.

Due to such essential features, in order to transfer the vehicle to the position of movement on wheels, the hydraulic control handle of the type P75-B3A [7], p.177, for example, a staff in the T-150 tractor, is transferred from the “neutral” position to the “lift” position or "Lowering" (depending on the order of connection of the hydraulic circuit elements) and immediately remove the hand from the handle. Upon completion of the transfer to the wheel, the handle automatically returns to the “neutral” position. At the same time, in one of the pairs of hydraulic cylinders there is sufficient piston stroke to copy the roughness of the track surface with all four wheels.

Arranged vehicle (hereinafter fleet) as follows.

Figure 1 shows a high-speed, side view, for example, based on a tractor of the T-150 type (KhTZ-153, KhTZ-180B, KhTZ-200, etc., which have the ability to set different track speeds on the sides and turn on fixed radii with active tracks, maintaining the kinematic connection of the tracks with the engine and there is a pneumatic trailer brake drive system).

Figure 2 is the same, top view.

Figure 3 shows a schematic hydraulic diagram of a device for controlling the hydraulic cylinders of raising and lowering the wheels and copying the unevenness of the track surface with all the wheels.

1 - body (the scale of the contour of the body, tracks and wheels M = 1: 40),

2 - engine

3 - caterpillar

4 - leading sprocket of a caterpillar (hereinafter asterisk),

5 - front vane type self-aligning wheel with a pneumatic tire, for example, type 23 × 9-10NS18 GOST 25304-88 with a diameter of 595 mm, load capacity up to 2016 kg at a speed of up to 50 km / h (hereinafter wheel),

6 - the rear wheel with a pneumatic tire, for example, type 250-15NS 18 GOST 25304-88 with a diameter of 735 mm, carrying capacity 3066 kg at a speed of up to 50 km / h (hereinafter wheel),

7 - articulated four-link parallelogram mechanism for moving the wheel 5 relative to the housing 1 with the lock of the extreme upper position (hereinafter suspension),

8 - articulated four-link parallelogram mechanism for moving the wheel 6 relative to the housing 1 (hereinafter suspension),

9 - hydraulic cylinder lifting and lowering the wheels 5 (hereinafter the cylinder),

10 - a hydraulic cylinder (with the volume of the piston and rod cavity the same as that of the cylinder 5) raising and lowering the wheels 6 (hereinafter the cylinder),

11 - transmission drive from the engine 2 tracks 3 and wheels 6 (hereinafter transmission),

12 - capacity for oil (hereinafter tank),

13 - oil pump, for example, NSh-50KL [7], p. 7, (hereinafter pump),

14 - pressure relief valve, for example, from 15 MPa or more (hereinafter valve),

15 - oil filter with a bypass valve for pressure, for example, 0.2 MPa (hereinafter filter),

16 - one of the sections as part of a three-section valve, for example, type P75-VZA [7], p.177, in which the slide lever automatically returns to the “neutral” position from the “raise” or “lower” position as soon as the oil pressure increases up to 11 MPa (hereinafter referred to as distributor),

17 - throttle with a non-return valve - retarder lowering the housing 1 (hereinafter retarder),

18 - two-way hydraulic lock (hereinafter referred to as the lock),

19 is a one-way hydraulic lock that allows oil flow at a pressure greater than lock 18, for example, at more than 11 MPa, due to a stronger spring and a smaller diameter of the plunger in its device (hereinafter referred to as lock),

20 - oil pipelines.

The high-speed housing 1 in front of each track 3 has a wheel 5 mounted on a suspension 7 with a cylinder 9, and behind each track has a wheel 6 mounted on a suspension 8 with a cylinder 10. In the transmission 11 there is a wheel drive 6 made, for example, with a drive chain an asterisk attached coaxially to each sprocket 4, and with a driven sprocket attached coaxially to the hub of each wheel 6, or a gear drive mounted on the same axes of the driving and driven gears. Let the maximum speed on the caterpillar track be 15.6 km / h (like the T-150) and the gear ratio in the chain drive of each wheel is 6 i = 1.9, then the maximum speed on the wheeled track will be 50 km / h.

The high-speed hydraulic system contains a tank 12, a pump 13, a valve 14, a filter 15 and a distributor 16, as part of the hydraulic system of a T-150 tractor. The control channels of the distributor through the moderator 17, lock 18 and lock 19 are connected by oil pipelines with pairs of cylinders 9 and 10, which are connected by oil pipelines in each pair in parallel, and between the pairs in series. Piston and rod cavities of a pair of cylinders 10 are interconnected by an oil pipe through a lock 19.

The fleet works as follows.

Let the fleet stand in the park on tracks 3, and wheels 5 and 6 are raised to the upper position. In this position, it is moved on a caterpillar track such as, for example, a tractor of the T-150 type. With prolonged crawler operation, the wheel drive chains 10 are removed.

From a caterpillar drive to a wheeled fleet, if, for example, the road conditions to the place of work are favorable to the wheeled drive. The high-speed housing 1 is lifted on wheels 5 and 6. For this, the handle of the distributor 16 includes the “lift” position and immediately removes the hand from the handle. By this, the oil flow by the distributor 16 under a pressure of not more than 11 MPa is directed through the check valve of the moderator 17 and the outlet channel of the lock 18 into the piston cavities of the cylinders 9. At the same time, another channel of the lock 18 is automatically opened, and the lock 19 remains closed, since it opens at a pressure above 11 MPa. Therefore, under the action of the pump 13 and the weight of the wheels 5 and 6, oil from the rod cavities of the cylinders 10 through the lock 18, the distributor 16 and the filter 15 are displaced into the tank 12, and from the rod cavities of the cylinders 9 are forced into the piston cavities of the cylinders 10, until the wheels 5 and 6 lowered to the ground. Further, the oil continues to flow into the cylinders 9 and 10, which raise the housing 1 to the end of the pistons of the cylinders 9 in the end walls of these cylinders. At this moment, the distributor 16 and its handle automatically return to the “neutral” position. In this case, the housing 1 is raised to the wheels, the pistons of the cylinders 10 have not reached the end walls, and therefore the high-speed engine rests on all wheels, and in motion they copy the roughness of the road due to the flow of oil between the cylinders 10. The cylinders and all this makes the vibrations of the housing 1 smoother . In this position, the high-speed vehicle is used as a tractor for towing a trailer at a speed of up to 50 km / h or for delivering an agricultural machine at a speed acceptable for its transportation to the place of work in the field.

From a wheel drive to a tracked high speed translate as follows. Turn on the "lowering" position of the distributor 16 and immediately remove the hand from the control handle. By this, the oil flow from the distributor 16 is directed to the rod cavities of the cylinders 10 through the opened lock 18. At the same time, the oil from the piston cavities of the cylinders 9 through another channel of the lock 18, a retarder 17, the distributor 16 and the filter 15 are squeezed out into the tank 12 under the influence of the pressure of the pump 13 and the weight of the housing 1. By this, the high-speed is smoothly lowered onto the tracks, and the wheels 5 and 6 continue to be lifted up to the end of the pistons of the cylinders 10 in the end walls. At this moment, the distributor 16 with the control handle automatically returns to the "neutral" position.

Since the tightness of the piston and cylinder rod seals is not absolute, during operation, the total oil volume in the rod cavities of the pair of cylinders 9 and in the piston cavities of the pair of cylinders 10 gradually decreases or increases, disrupting the regular relative position of the pairs of pistons of the cylinders 9 and 10. Therefore, periodically, for example, once a month, the work of a high-speed wheeled vehicle, the volume of oil mentioned is restored to its nominal value with the wheels maximally raised and the suspension suspended 7. If in this position you have 10 cylinder rods Tupa less regular value, then add oil, if more - then reduce.

a) Let more. To restore the standard norm, they include the “lowering” position of the distributor 16 and keep its handle from automatically returning to the “neutral” position. This increases the oil pressure more than 11 MPa. Under this pressure, the oil flow from the distributor 16 is directed to the rod cavities of the cylinders 10 through the opened lock 18. This also opens the lock 19. Therefore, oil from the piston cavities of the cylinders 10 through the lock 19, lock 18, the throttle bore of the retarder 17, the distributor 16 and the filter 15 are forced out in the tank 12. So the rods of the cylinders 10 smoothly (thanks to the moderator 17) retract to the nominal value of their position.

b) Let less. To restore the standard rate include the position of the "rise" of the distributor 16 and keep its handle from automatically returning to the "neutral" position. By this, the oil pressure is increased by more than 11 MPa and its flow is directed to the piston cavities of the cylinders 10 through the opened lock 18. This also opens the lock 19. Therefore, oil is displaced from the rod cavities of the cylinders 10 through another channel of the lock 18, distributor 16, retarder 17 and filter 15 tank 12. So the rods of the cylinders 10 smoothly extend to the normal position.

They are maneuvered by a high-speed wheeled vehicle with the same controls as the caterpillar - they include different speeds of the right and left wheels 6 for movement at constant radii, and the wheels 5 are self-adjusting according to the speed vector. With long-term work on wheels, tracked tracks are removed.

So, the high-speed vehicle is used on caterpillar and wheels, which removes the problem of the tracked vehicle traveling on the paved road and increases the annual load, and therefore, operational and economic efficiency.

Bibliography

1. RU 2147284 C1, 7 B62D 55/04, 2000.04.10.

2. UA 83374 C2, B62D 55/00, 07/10/2008, Bull. No. 13, 2008.

3. DE 19519670 A1, B62D 55/04, 10.26.1995.

4. SU 1824052 A1, B62D 55/04, 06/30/1993, Bull. Number 24.

5. SU 527331, M. Cl. 2 B62D 55/10, 03/15/1978, Bull. No. 10.

6. GB 253880, 05.23.1926, No. 13,264.1926.

7. Tractor T-150 (device and operation), ed. B.P. Kashuby and I.A. Koval. M., "Spike", 1978, 288 pp.

Claims (1)

A vehicle comprising a housing, an engine, a transmission, tracks, front and rear wheels, as well as a device for moving wheels relative to the body above and below the support surface of the tracks by means of hydraulic cylinders, characterized in that the front and rear pairs of wheels are mounted for movement in the wheel moving device their front and rear pairs of hydraulic cylinders, connected in each pair by oil pipelines in parallel, and between pairs and with control channels of the hydraulic distributor, communicated by oil pipelines further through the two-way hydraulic lock, the oil line connecting the hydraulic cylinder pairs to each other is also connected by the oil pipes and with the output channels of the two-way hydraulic lock through the one-way hydraulic lock, which opens the oil passage at a higher pressure than the two-way hydraulic lock.

Images