RU2443096C1 - System of conveyors of multilane beet harvester and lifting and lowering hydraulic drive - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture. ^ SUBSTANCE: group of inventions refers to the field of agriculture, in particular, to beet harvesters. The system of tops conveyors of the multilane beet harvester comprises active disc knives with coaxial beaters of top cutters, a picking inclined conveyor, a cross conveyor with studs on the bearing surface and an inclined loading conveyor, besides, the inclined loading conveyor is arranged above the top-conveying branch of the cross conveyor. The picking inclined conveyor is installed as capable to direct tops to the lower branch of the cross conveyor, where studs are arranged with their cantilevers towards its upper branch. The inclined loading conveyor is arranged between the upper and lower branches of the cross conveyor at the angle to direction of the beet harvester travel and consists of two continuous chains joined by crosspieces with arched forks arranged between them, length of which is less than the distance between neighbouring crosspieces. Forks have stiff teeth in planes that are perpendicular to the crosspieces. The lower branch of the cross conveyor may transit into the upper branch around the trajectory of motion of cantilever ends of forks of the inclined loading conveyor in its lower part. The hydraulic drive to lift and lower the system of conveyors of the multilane beet harvester into the transport working position, comprises a frame on wheels with rotary vertical stands that are hingedly connected to the machine frame with links of parallelogram hinged plates and hydraulic cylinders of lifting and lowering. Discharge cavities of these hydraulic cylinders are communicated with oil pipelines to control channels of the tractor hydraulic distributor. One of the control channels of the tractor hydraulic distributor is communicated with discharge cavities of the hydraulic cylinders for frame lifting and lowering via the check valve and via a communicated parallel reduction valve. The valve pot of the check valve is communicated with cavities of these hydraulic cylinders and with the sub-valve cavity of the check valve. Cavities of hydraulic cylinders for lifting and lowering of the frame are communicated with the other control channel of the hydraulic distributor via a controlled valve, the output channel of which communicates also with the drain to the oil tank. Hydraulic cylinders of frame lifting and lowering that are forward in the working position of the beet harvester have a device to control extent of stem insertion into the hydraulic cylinder. ^ EFFECT: making it possible to transport a 12-lane beet harvester, also along its width, using general roads, in particular, earth ones, with uneven surface, and also to increase efficiency of tops removal. ^ 2 cl, 3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to a beet harvesting machine, in particular to a 12-row harvesting machine.

Known conveyor systems of multi-row beet harvesting machines and hydraulic systems for raising and lowering them to the transport-working position, for example SU 473490 [1], SU 671774 [2], SU 803889 [3], SU 1049005 [4], RU 2399540 [5], and also a BM-6 topper according to the book “Beet-Growing Machines” [6] p. 120 ... 127, fig. 58 ... 63, and others.

Their disadvantages are that the railway gauge in width uses almost completely the 6-row BM-6. Therefore, the 12-row [4] beet-harvesting machine is designed so that its length is less than the transport dimension in width. However, due to the long inclined loading conveyor, the tops, cantilevered on the side of the machine (see photocopies of 4 prototype photos, UkrNIIISHOM, Kharkov [7]), even before a short drive from the machine park to the beet plantation along a general purpose road, tractor to the side of the machine frame and rebuild the chassis of the machine with the cost of quite heavy manual labor to turn the running wheels around the vertical struts for movement along its width. At the same time, 12-row beet-mounted mounted seeders and cultivators with the same working width (5.4 m) are transported for short distances along general roads, usually frontally and partially above the roadside.

It is also known that the loading inclined conveyor is located above the transverse [2], which almost the entire loading conveyor is placed in the width of the machine.

The main disadvantage is the receiving inclined conveyors, while being too long, since they are fed to the top of the upper branch of the transverse conveyor. This increases the length of the machine beyond the transport dimension in width, which is undesirable.

1. A known system of conveyors for the tops of a multi-row beet harvesting machine, comprising active disk knives with coaxial beet tops, selecting an inclined conveyor, a transverse conveyor with spikes on a bearing surface, and an inclined loading conveyor, wherein the inclined loading conveyor is located above the conveyor topping branch of the transverse conveyor, for example, along SU 671774 [2], adopted as a prototype system of conveyors for the tops of a multi-row beet harvesting machine.

The disadvantage of such a system is increased complexity, since in addition to conveyors, a beater, a drive shaft with fingers and a protective casing with grooves for the fingers are required. Their shafts are susceptible to winding weeds, especially in bearing housings, thereby reducing technological reliability. In this case, the transverse conveyor carries the tops on its upper branch. Therefore, inclined receiving conveyors of correspondingly increased length are necessary for its loading. This increases the length of the machine as a whole, which is extremely undesirable for a 12-row machine.

2. Known hydraulic lifting and lowering the conveyor system of a multi-row beet harvesting machine in a transport-working position, containing a frame on wheels with rotary vertical struts, articulated with links of parallelogram suspensions and hydraulic cylinders of raising and lowering, and pressure cavities of these hydraulic cylinders are connected by oil pipelines with oil pipelines a tractor’s hydraulic distributor, for example, a frame raising and lowering hydraulic drive according to RU 2399540 [5], which, in our opinion, can be taken as a prototype guide osistemy lifting-lowering conveyor multi-row beet harvesting machinery.

Its disadvantage is that the hydraulic actuator according to RU 2399540 requires periodic alignment of the position of the hydraulic cylinders and it does not provide for the possibility of accurately regulating the position of the frame above the soil in its lower working position, which is necessary for the beet harvester conveyor system.

EFFECT: conveyor system of a multi-row beet harvesting machine such that the length of the machine as a whole does not exceed the transport dimension in width, and it is possible to transport a 12-row beet harvesting machine along its width along general roads, including on unpaved roads with an uneven surface, and also automatic stop of the stroke of the hydraulic cylinders in a given position of the machine in height.

1. The invention is a system of conveyors for the tops of a multi-row beet harvesting machine, containing active circular knives with coaxial beaters of tops, a selection of an inclined conveyor, a transverse conveyor with spikes on the bearing surface and an inclined loading conveyor, the inclined loading conveyor located above the transporting top of the branch of the transverse conveyor, according to the invention, a picking inclined conveyor is installed with the ability to direct the tops onto the lower branch of the transverse conveyor, which the spikes are located by consoles towards its upper branch, and the inclined loading conveyor is located between the upper and lower branches of the transverse conveyor at an angle to the direction of travel of the beet harvester and consists of two endless chains connected by cross members with arched forks located between them, whose length is less than the distance between adjacent cross members and having hard teeth in planes perpendicular to the cross members, while the lower branch of the transverse conveyor can move to An upper branch around the trajectory of the cantilever ends of the forks of the inclined loading conveyor in its lower part.

2. The invention also lies in the fact that the hydraulic drive for raising and lowering the conveyor system of the multi-row beet harvesting machine to the transport-working position, comprising a frame on wheels with rotary vertical struts, articulated with links of parallelogram suspensions and hydraulic cylinders for raising and lowering, and pressure cavities of these hydraulic cylinders are connected by oil pipelines with control channels of the tractor’s hydraulic distributor, and according to the invention, one of the control channels of the hydraulic distributor of the tractor with pressure cavities of the frame raising and lowering hydraulic cylinders through a non-return valve and through a pressure reducing valve connected to it in such a way that the supravalve cavity of the non-return valve is in communication with the cavities of these hydraulic cylinders and with the subvalve cavity of the pressure reducing valve, whose supravalve cavity is in communication with the subvalve cavity of the non-return valve the cavity of the frame lifting and lowering hydraulic cylinders is communicated with another control channel of the hydraulic distributor through an adjustable valve, the output channel of which is also communicated with draining the oil tank, and in the working position of the machine beet front lift cylinders - lowering of the frame has a device adjusting the approach cylinder rod.

Due to the essential features of items 1 and 2, the conveyor system and the hydraulic drive for raising and lowering the 12-row beet harvester such that the length of the machine as a whole does not exceed the transport dimension in width, and it is possible to transport the 12-row beet harvester along its width general-purpose roads, including on unpaved roads with an uneven surface, and automatically stop the machine from raising and lowering at a given position above the soil surface.

A system of conveyors for a multi-row beet harvesting machine and a hydraulic drive for raising and lowering them to the transport position (hereinafter referred to as the machine) has been arranged, for example, as follows.

Figure 1 shows a diagram of a 12-row machine for harvesting sugar beet tops, a plan view. The loading conveyor, mounted at an angle to the direction of travel of the machine, is conditionally transparent.

Figure 2 schematically shows the transverse and inclined loading conveyors of the tops of a 12-row beet harvester in a projection on the front-vertical plane, rear view of the machine.

Figure 3 shows the frame, self-aligning wheels, their suspension links and hydraulic cylinders.

Figure 4 shows the connection diagram of the lifting and lowering hydraulic cylinders with the hydraulic system of the tractor.

Symbols in figures 1, 2, 3 and 4:

1 - frame 12-row beet harvesting machine (hereinafter - the frame),

2 - a knife with a coaxial beater of the topper, type comb copier - an active circular knife (hereinafter referred to as the knife),

3 - picking inclined haulm conveyor (hereinafter - pick-up conveyor),

4 - transverse conveyor tops (hereinafter - the conveyor),

5 - spikes of the conveyor 4 (hereinafter - spikes),

6 - inclined loading conveyor tops (hereinafter - the elevator),

7 - arched forks of the elevator 6 (hereinafter - the pitchfork),

8 - hard arcuate tooth pitchfork 7 (hereinafter referred to as the tooth),

9 - a self-aligning vane type wheel with a tire of 500 × 150 mm, the maximum allowable load is 18 kN with a tire pressure of 0.25 MPa [8] p. 149, Table 6.17, (hereinafter referred to as the wheel),

10 - swivel vertical rack with a fork-shaped bracket for the axis of the wheel 9 and with a latch for turning off rotation of the vertical rack to turn off the possibility of self-installation of the wheel 9 (hereinafter referred to as the rack),

11 - link parallelogram wheel suspension 9 (hereinafter - the crank),

12 - front hydraulic cylinder lifting-lowering (hereinafter - the cylinder),

13 - rear hydraulic cylinder lifting-lowering (hereinafter - the cylinder),

14 - a mobile switch of the regulator of the magnitude of the entry of the rod into the cylinder 12 (hereinafter - the switch),

15 - oil pipe

16 - section of the standard tractor hydraulic distributor (hereinafter - the distributor),

17 - check valve (hereinafter - the valve),

18 - pressure reducing valve (hereinafter - the valve),

19 - adjustable valve (hereinafter - the valve),

20 - bracket with a cantilever pin for swiveling with the lower link of the tractor attachment in the working position of the beet harvester (hereinafter - the finger),

21 - trailed transport gland, connected to the side truss of the frame 1 pivotally (hereinafter - gland),

22 - sugar beet root crop after trimming its top with tops (hereinafter referred to as the root crop),

23 - sugar beets with uncut tops on the uncleaned side of the beet plantation.

On the lower beam of the front farm of frame 1 there are twelve with 2 coaxial beaters of knives; 2 toppers of the comb comb copier type - an active circular knife. Behind them are three front-loading conveyors 3, each of which consists of two 38.1 mm [9] p. 10 sleeve-roller chains connected by cross-beams having tops hooks. The upper part of these conveyors is located in the immediate vicinity and above the lower branch of the conveyor 4, located across the machine for its entire width. This conveyor also consists of two 38.1 mm sleeve-roller chains connected by cross members with short (20 ... 30 mm) spikes 5 for better adhesion to the transported tops. An elevator 6 is installed above the lower branch of the conveyor 4 and below its upper branch, having two 38.1 mm sleeve-roller chains connected by cross members with arcuate forks 7. The cross members with forks are located with a pitch of 304.8 mm, and their teeth 8 are somewhat shorter so as not to catch the adjacent cross member. The teeth of these forks are rigid, located with a gap of 25 ... 30 mm between adjacent teeth, their ends are pointed. The upper stars of the elevator are located at a height of 3.6 m and have only ten teeth (their pitch diameter is 123.27 mm). Therefore, the peripheral speed of the ends of the forks when moving around these sprockets is 4.3 times greater than the linear speed of the elevator branches than they provide throwing a bunch of tops into the body of a nearby technological vehicle with extension sides. To the elevator 6 does not intersect with the branches of the conveyor 4, it is installed at an angle to the direction of travel of the machine. The lower part of the elevator 6 chains of the conveyor 4 have the ability to bend around the path of the ends of the teeth 8 of the forks 7 along the front and rear arcuate guide strips, rolling on them the rollers of the chains. In another embodiment, the rear chain of the conveyor 4 covers an asterisk mounted on the bearings, the diameter of the troughs of which is equal to twice the radius of the arc of the front guide strip.

The horizontal axis of each wheel 9 is fixed in a fork-shaped bracket of the strut 10, mounted with the possibility of unlimited rotation around its vertical axis in a tubular body pivotally connected to the frame of the machine by means of cranks 11 and cylinders 12 for the front wheels 9 (cylinders 12 for the rear wheels 9). The cylinders of the parallelogram wheel suspensions 9 are equipped with a device for regulating the approach of the rod into the cylinder by moving the switch 14 along it, as in the hydraulic cylinder of the mounted device - MTZ-80 factor [10] p. 156, Fig. 69, position 3. Pressure (piston) cavity of the cylinder 12, 13 are connected by oil pipelines 15 to each other hydraulically in parallel, and with one of the control channels of the distributor 16 through valves 17 and 18 so that the valve valve cavity 17 is connected to the valve valve cavity 18. The same cavities of the cylinders 12, 13 are connected by oil pipes 15 and with the other control channel of the distributor 16 through an adjustable valve 19, and its output channel is also connected by an oil line 15 with a drain into the oil tank of the tractor hydraulic system bypassing the distributor 16. On the front farm of frame 1 there are fingers 20 for connecting the machine to the lower links of the tractor hitch . On the right side truss of the frame 1, a gusset 21 is pivotally mounted for transporting the machine along its width with a tractor on general roads.

Work. Let the 12-row topper with fingers 20 be attached to the lower links of the tractor attachment with front and rear steered wheels of the LTZ-155 type [11] p.16 equipped with a device for automatically driving sugar beet rows between SU 1685283 [12]. (This device, installed on LTZ-155, was successfully tested by the Institute for Testing Agricultural Machines, village Doslidne, Kiev region in 1989 ... 1991), the oil pipelines 15 are connected to the corresponding terminals of the tractor hydraulic system, and the drive shaft for receiving the machine’s power connected to the tractor PTO shaft. At the same time, the machine is located on a sugar beet plantation in a position with wheels 9 located in the row-spacing and turned forward by knives 2, the switches 14 are fully lowered, the rods are completely in the cylinders 12, 13. To start lifting the machine frame 1 from this position, the smallest the pressure in the piston cavity of the cylinders 12, 13. To maintain the maximum raised frame (with the rods fully extended), the greatest pressure is required in the piston cavity of the cylinders 12, 13. Intermediate positions correspond to intermediate positions ama height above the supporting surface of the wheel. Therefore, the valve 19 is adjusted so that it is opened at a pressure slightly less than that necessary for the maximum raised frame 1. To raise the frame 1 to the transport position, the distributor 16 is moved to the “raise” position, which feeds the oil pressure into the oil pipes 15. The lifting of the frame 1 will stop slightly lower the maximum possible automatically. After that, the distributor 16 is moved to the "neutral" position. Therefore, after lifting the frame 1, for example, at the turn at the end of the working rut, the wheels 9 copy the unevenness of the soil due to the flow of oil between the cylinders 12, 13. The parameters of the cylinders 12, 13, the coordinates of their installation and the characteristic of the valve spring 18 are such that under the influence of the weight of the machine when the “lowering” position is turned on by the handle of the distributor 16, the frame 1 is lowered so that the cylinder rods 12 go into the cylinders for the entire stroke, and the cylinder rods 13 go into the cylinders 13 not for their entire stroke and stop automatically. Therefore, by moving the switch 14 along the stem and fixing its position with the lamb, the necessary height of the front truss of the frame 1, conveyors 3 and knives 2 is set in a working position above the soil surface in rows of sugar beets. To do this, after the arrival of the wheels 9 in the rows of sugar beets set switches 14 initially tentatively and lower the machine. Then it is lifted, the position of the switches 14 is adjusted so that the knives 2 touch the surface of the soil in a row, but the chains of conveyors 3 are still above the tops of the cut root crops, and again lower the machine. The setting is repeated until the desired result is obtained, after which the tractor’s power take-off shaft and operating speed (5 ... 9 km / h) are turned on. In this case, the movement of the machine-tractor unit along the rows of sugar beets is automatically controlled by the automatic driving device [12] so that the tractor wheels and the machines lead along the row spacing, and the knives 2 along the rows with sufficient accuracy. Comb copiers run into the tops of the roots and raise the knives 2 to the required height of the tops of the top with the top of the root crop. Cut tops with knife beaters 2 are thrown onto pick-up conveyor 3, which feeds it to conveyor 4. This conveyor feeds tops to the bottom of the elevator 6, which grabs it with forks 7, lifts it to the loading height and throws forks 7 into the body of a nearby vehicle.

At the end of the work, the tractor is hooked to the snit 21 by the lower links of its attachment, the oil pipelines 15 are again connected to the tractor hydraulic system. The distributor 16 is transferred to the "lift" position and the tractor pulls the machine a few meters until the wheels 9 self-adjust in the direction of travel. Then, the racks 10 locks are installed, than the rear (in this position) wheels 9 are turned off from the self-installation, and the car is transported to the park.

So, thanks to the essential features according to items 1 and 2, the conveyor system of the multi-row beet harvester is such that the length of the machine as a whole does not exceed the transport dimension in width, and it is possible to transport a 12-row beet harvester along its width along general roads, in including on unpaved surfaces. The mass of such a machine, by analogy with the well-known prototype [7], is approximately 2.5 tons, the productivity is twice as much as that of the 6-row BM-6 [6]. Such a 12-row machine allows you to cost-effectively obtain the tops of sugar beets as valuable feed for livestock production in fresh form, as well as to silage it. At the same time, 5 kg of sugar beet tops contain the same amount of feed units as there are in 1 kg of oat grain, and from 1 ha of sugar beet with a top crop of 125 kg / ha, the same amount of feed units is obtained as from 1 ha of oat with a grain yield of oat 25 kg / ha [13] p.5, paragraphs 4 and 5.

Information sources

1.SU 473490 A01D 23/02. Harvesting machine. Description of the invention. Published: 06.10-75, 2 pp. Bull. No. 22, 06/14/75.

2. SU 671774 A01D 27/04. Haulm conveyor for beet harvesting machines. Description of the invention. Published: 07/08/79, 2 pp. Bull. No. 25, 07/05/79.

3. SU 803889 A01D 33/00. Conveyor to root harvesting machines. Description of the invention. Published: 02.25.81, 2 pp. Bull. No. 6, 02/15/81.

4. SU 1049005 A01D 25/00. Trailed beet harvesting machine. Description of the invention. 3 sec Bull. No. 39, 10.23.83.

5. RU 2399540 C1 B62D 55/04 (2006.01) Vehicle. Description. 8 sec Posted: 09/20/2009 Bull. No. 26.

6. Machines for beet farming. Ed. A.G. Tsymbala and Yu.I. Kovtun. M.: Mechanical Engineering, 1976, 368 p.

7. A prototype of a 12-row topper BM-12, developed in UkrNIIISHOM, Kharkov, 80th years. A photocopy of four photographs: the machine is in operation and in the position for transportation on the roads, 1 p., Is attached.

8. Alexandrov V.G., Bazanov B.I. Handbook of aviation materials and technology for their use. - M .: Transport, 1979. - 263 p.

9. Gotovtsev A.A., Kitten I.P. Chain Drive Design: A Guide. - M.: Mechanical Engineering, 1982. - 336 p.

10. Tractors MTZ-80 and MTZ-82. Under the general ed. I.P. Ksenevich. - M .: Kolos, 1983.- 255 p.

11. Agricultural machinery - 90. Exhibits of the USSR. Vneshtorgizdat, 1990, 212 p.

12. SU 1685283 A01B 69/04. Device for automatic control of self-propelled agricultural unit. Description of the invention. 2 sec Published: 10.23.91. Bull. Number 39.

13. Victory of the geese of the common buryaks at the age of the creatures. T.V. Gorb, V.Ya. Maxaks. Holding the USSR. Kiev - 1963, 90 p.

Claims (2)

1. The system of conveyors for the tops of a multi-row beet harvesting machine, comprising active circular knives with coaxial beater of toppers, selecting an inclined conveyor, a transverse conveyor with spikes on the bearing surface and an inclined loading conveyor with a hydraulic drive for raising and lowering, and the inclined loading conveyor is located above the conveyor topping branch of the transverse conveyor characterized in that the picking inclined conveyor is installed with the possibility of directing the tops on the lower branch of the transverse a conveyor, on which the spikes are located by consoles towards its upper branch, and an inclined loading conveyor is located between the upper and lower branches of the transverse conveyor at an angle to the direction of travel of the beet harvester and consists of two endless chains connected by cross members with arched forks located between them, the length of which less than the distance between adjacent cross members and having hard teeth in planes perpendicular to the cross members, while the lower branch of the transverse conveyor is made with the possibility of transition to its upper branch around the trajectory of the cantilever ends of the forks of the inclined loading conveyor in its lower part. 2. Hydraulic drive for raising and lowering the system of conveyors for the tops of a multi-row beet harvesting machine into a transport working position, comprising a frame on wheels with rotary vertical struts, articulated with parallelogram suspension links and lifting and lowering hydraulic cylinders, and the pressure cavities of these hydraulic cylinders are connected by oil pipelines with oil pipelines tractor tractor, characterized in that one of the control channels of the tractor valve is connected with pressure cavities lifting and lowering hydraulic cylinders through a non-return valve and through a pressure-reducing valve connected in parallel with it so that the supravalve cavity of the non-return valve communicates with the cavities of these hydraulic cylinders and with the subvalve cavity of the pressure reducing valve, the supravalve cavity of which is in communication with the subvalve cavity of the non-return valve, while the cavities of the hydraulic cylinders frame raising and lowering are communicated with another control channel of the control valve through an adjustable valve, the output channel of which is communicated with a drain in ma lyany tank, wherein in the working position of the machine front beet lifting-lowering cylinders frames have values of call control device in the hydraulic cylinder rod.

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