RU214857U1 - DEVICE FOR SEMI-TRAILER DRIVE AXLE CONTROL - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to mining engineering, in particular to transport machines of peat raw materials, in the field of design solutions, namely to additionally installed auxiliary devices for increasing the cross-country ability and increasing the productivity of wheeled tractors when they are aggregated with semi-trailers in conditions of movement on a slippery road, off-road, small bearing capacity of soils. The device is proposed for use in conditions of low bearing capacity of the deposit, where an increase in traction and coupling properties and a decrease in the likelihood of slipping of machine and tractor units are required. The technical result is to increase the cross-country ability of a wheeled vehicle. To prevent overheating of the hydraulic working fluid and its further cooling during operation, a system is provided in the hydraulic system, driven by an additional adjustable pump, which supplies fluid to a hydraulically driven fan that cools the heat exchanger.

Description

The utility model relates to mining engineering, in particular to transport machines of peat raw materials, in the field of design solutions, namely to additionally installed auxiliary devices to increase the cross-country ability and increase the productivity of wheeled tractors when they are aggregated with semi-trailers in conditions of movement on a slippery road, off-road, small bearing capacity of soils. The device is proposed for use in conditions of low bearing capacity of the deposit, where an increase in traction properties and a decrease in the likelihood of slipping of machine and tractor units are required.

A device for driving a trailer axle is known (author's certificate SU No. 1411206 publ. 07/23/1988), which consists of a cardan shaft connecting the power take-off shaft of the tractor with a matching gearbox, the output of which is connected to the hydraulic pump, and the second output is connected to the differential of the drive wheels, the system control, including a selsyn sensor mounted on the driving wheel of the tractor, a DC electric motor rotor rigidly mounted on the axis of the driven wheel, a stator connected by a kinematic transmission to the selsyn-receiver shaft, as well as a valve, an amplifier and a hydraulic distributor.

The disadvantage of this device is the presence of additional mechanisms, such as gearboxes and differential mechanisms, which greatly complicate the design and reduce the reliability of the drive, and increase the metal content of the trailer as a whole.

An active road train is known (patent RU No. 112141 published on February 10, 2012). The utility model consists of a tractor with wheel drive and an active trailer with independent drive. The wheel drive of the active trailer is made in the form of a hydrostatic transmission with an autonomous pumping station and an independent power source.

The disadvantages include the presence of a drive motor as part of an autonomous pumping station. An additional drive engine can be made in the form of an internal combustion engine, which increases harmful emissions into the atmosphere, thereby reducing environmental performance. Also, the presence of an additional internal combustion engine increases the mass of the active road train and reduces its reliability.

An auxiliary device is known for increasing the patency of a non-wheel drive wheeled tractor (patent RU No. 2399542, publ. 20.09.2010), the device consists of a forcibly locked drive axle installed between the front and rear axles of the tractor perpendicular to the vector of its movement, connected through the power take-off to the box tractor gear change.

The main disadvantage of this solution is the location of the auxiliary axle relative to the main axles, with such a design, the auxiliary axle increases the contact patch of the tractor wheels, but cannot be loaded with the mass of the transported cargo. Also, the disadvantages of this device include insufficient rigidity of the attachment of an additional propulsion unit.

A tractor logging trailer is known (patent RU No. 163613, publ. 27.07.2016). The device consists of a rectangular platform on four wheels with a hydraulic manipulator, a cardan system connected to the power take-off shaft (PTO) of the tractor, a mechanism for approaching and separating the wheels, operating with the help of hydraulic cylinders, leading pinion gears installed between the wheels.

The disadvantage of this solution is the increased wear of the trailer tires due to the presence of a friction drive of the trailer wheels. Also, the disadvantages include high metal consumption and low reliability of the device, due to the large number of mechanical gears. The device does not allow you to adjust the speed of the trailer wheels, and also does not make it possible to pass curved sections of the road, since there is no differential.

An active drive train trailer is known (patent RU No. 15706, publ. 11/10/2000), adopted as a prototype, which consists of a power take-off mechanism associated with the main gear of the intermediate axle and a differential mechanism having a locking device. The differential mechanism is connected to a hydraulic pump through a drive mechanism, connected by a pipeline system to a hydraulic motor, connected through an additional gearbox and cardan shaft to the trailer drive axle.

The disadvantages of this active drive of the road train trailer include the presence of additional mechanisms, such as gearboxes and differential mechanisms, which greatly complicate the design and reduce the reliability of the drive, and increase the metal consumption of the trailer as a whole. The connection of mechanical drives, such as a gearbox and a differential using cardan shafts, requires increased accuracy in the installation of these drives, and stringent requirements must be imposed on the installation of drives, which complicates the design of the trailer. The drive design does not provide for a mechanism for cooling the working fluid of the hydraulic system, which leads to a decrease in the efficiency of power transfer from the hydraulic pump to hydraulic motors, and also reduces reliability.

The technical result is to increase the cross-country ability of a wheeled vehicle.

The device is illustrated by the following figures.

fig. 1 - design of the proposed device;

fig. 2 - scheme of a mining transport machine (GTM) with a device;

fig. 3 - image of the mining machine with the proposed device in the upper position;

fig. 4 - hydraulic diagram of volumetric hydrostatic transmission of the additional drive axle of the mining machine;

where 1 - tractor;

2 - semi-trailer;

3 - internal combustion engine;

4 - hydraulic pumps and control elements of the hydrostatic transmission of the device;

5 - semi-trailer drive axle;

6 - wheel drive hydraulic motors;

7 - hydraulic cylinders for lifting and lowering the drive axle of the semi-trailer;

8 - hydraulic tank;

9 - drain cock;

10 - level;

11 - filler neck;

12 - ball valve;

13 - suction filter;

14 - adjustable pump;

15 - auxiliary adjustable pump;

16 - pressure gauge;

17 - valve of the main circuit;

18 - check valve;

19 - safety valve;

20 - three-position distributor;

21 - safety block;

22 - pressure sensor;

23 - pneumohydroaccumulator (PGA);

24 - valve;

25 - flow divider;

26 - pressure reducing valve;

27 - three-position valve with manual control;

28 - hydraulic lock;

29 - temperature sensor;

30 - control valve;

31 - fan hydraulic motor;

32 - heat exchanger;

33 - drain filter;

34 - beam;

35 - pneumatic wheel;

36 - high pressure hoses (HPR);

37 - rear hitch of the tractor;

38 - tractor power take-off mechanism.

The device consists of hydraulic pumps and controls of the hydrostatic transmission of the device 4 (Fig. 2 and 3), which are installed on the rear hitch of the tractor 37 and connected to the power take-off mechanism of the tractor 38. The hydraulic pumps and controls of the hydrostatic transmission of the device 4 are connected through high pressure hoses 38 with hydraulic cylinders for lifting and lowering the drive axle of the semi-trailer 7 and hydraulic motors of the drive wheels 6 connected to the moving part of the hubs of the pneumatic wheels 5 of the trailer 2.

The drive axle of the semi-trailer 5 (Fig. 1) consists of a beam 34, at the ends of which two pneumatic wheels 35 are mounted, rigidly connected to the fixed part of the hub of each wheel. The standard size and brand of the wheels of the additional axle coincides with the wheels that are installed on the semi-trailer. A wheel drive hydraulic motor 6 is concentrically installed in each wheel, the output shaft of which is connected to the movable part of the wheel hub. At the same distance from the center of the beam 34, two hydraulic cylinders for raising and lowering the drive axle of the semi-trailer 7 are installed, which are mounted on the frame of the semi-trailer with the possibility of removal.

On the tractor 1, next to the rear hitch of the tractor 37, a hydraulic tank 8 is installed, in the lower part of which a cylindrical hole is made, into which a drain valve 9 is installed. In the side wall of the hydraulic tank 8, on one vertical axis, at least two cylindrical holes are made, in level 10. In the upper cover of the hydraulic tank 8, a cylindrical hole is made into which the filler neck 11 is installed. At least two cylindrical holes are made in the lower part of the side wall of the hydraulic tank 8, into which ball valves 12 are installed, which are connected through the sleeves with two suction filters 13, which are connected through the sleeves of the gasket structure to the suction pipes of the regulated pump 14 and the auxiliary regulated pump 15, respectively. a manometer 16 and a valve of the main circuit 17 are connected. A fitting is installed in the valve of the main circuit 17 with the possibility of removal, one end of which is connected to a high-pressure hose with a safety valve 19, and the other through a high-pressure hose connected to the pressure line of the three-position distributor 20. The three-position distributor 20 made four-line and connected through high-pressure hoses with three consumers. The first consumer is a pneumohydroaccumulator (PGA) 23, which is connected to a three-position distributor 20 through a safety unit 21 by means of two high-pressure hoses. A fitting is installed between the safety block 21 and the hydropneumatic accumulator (PHA) 23, on which a pressure gauge 16 is fixed. A cylindrical threaded hole is made in the body of the safety block 21, into which a pressure sensor 22 is installed. The second consumer is the hydraulic motor drive wheels 6, which is connected to a three-position distributor 20 through a flow divider 25 through two high-pressure hoses. Between the pneumohydroaccumulator (PGA) 23 and the flow divider 25, a valve 24 is installed, connected by pipelines and fittings. The third consumer is the hydraulic cylinders for lifting and lowering the drive axle of the semi-trailer 7, which are connected to the three-position distributor 20 through the pressure reducing valve 26 and the three-position manually controlled distributor 27 through high-pressure hoses. A hydraulic lock 28 and a pressure gauge 16 are connected to the hydraulic line connecting the three-position manual distributor 27 and the piston cavities of the hydraulic cylinders for raising and lowering the drive axle of the semi-trailer 30 through fittings. pipelines and sleeves of a gasket design or high-pressure hoses of a light series and are interconnected by fittings. A temperature sensor 29 and a heat exchanger 32 are installed in the combined drain pipeline, which are connected by fittings and sleeves. After the heat exchanger 32, the drain pipeline is connected through the drain filter 33 to the hydraulic tank 8, in which a cylindrical hole is made and a flange is installed.

A check valve 18 is connected to the pressure pipe of the adjustable pump 15 through a flange with the possibility of removal, to which a valve of the main circuit 17 is connected through a fitting. and the control valve 30 are made in the form of pipelines and sleeves of a gasket design or high-pressure sleeves of a light series and are connected to the combined drain pipeline through fittings.

The device works as follows.

When entering a surface with a low bearing capacity, through the pump activation lever and the hydraulic distributor, which is located in the tractor cab, through the high pressure hose, the working fluid is supplied to the hydraulic cylinders for raising and lowering the semi-trailer drive axle, the rods of which, when extended, lower the additional forced-locked axle into the working position, increasing ground contact area. The torque to the pump of the device is transmitted from the rear power take-off shaft of the base tractor. Wheel hydraulic motors in this mode of operation do not transmit torque to the wheels. Thus, the probability of slipping is reduced, and traction and coupling characteristics are increased by increasing the area of contact between the wheels and the ground, which makes it possible to use geological and technical equipment with a low soil bearing capacity and increase the boundary conditions for using geological and technical equipment.

When moving on hard and medium-strong soils and there is no need to move with an auxiliary device connected, through the pump activation lever and the hydraulic distributor located in the tractor cab, the working fluid is supplied through the high pressure hose to the hydraulic cylinders for raising and lowering the semi-trailer drive axle, the rods of which raise the additional forced-locked axle, which is the mover of the device, into the transport position, the additional drive axle is raised and the wheels do not touch the ground.

The use of this utility model, which has high reliability, low cost, ease of maintenance and operation, with a fairly simple design and ease of manufacture of an auxiliary device, will increase the boundary conditions for the use of geological and technical measures. A small force of specific pressure on the ground will increase its traction properties.

With repeated passage of GTM along the same route, the bearing properties of the soil may decrease, in this case, one stuck GTM can disrupt the entire transport chain of the enterprise. In this regard, the use of an additional device can minimize the violations of the technological reliability of the transport chain in the conditions of the same transportation operation by several geological and technical measures along a given route.

As an additional increase in traction characteristics, the wheels of the additional axle are equipped with hydraulic motors. The torque to the pump of the device is transmitted from the rear power take-off shaft of the base tractor, and with the help of the lever for switching on the distributor located in the cab, the working fluid from the pump is supplied through the high pressure hose to the hydraulic motor, which transmit torque to the wheels and set the semi-trailer in motion. Thus, the wheels of the additional axle become driving, thereby making the semi-trailer drive.

The operation of the volumetric hydrostatic transmission of the additional drive axle of the mining machine is carried out as follows:

In the transport position of the additional axle, in the case when the carrying capacity is sufficient, that is, there is no need to turn on the additional axle, the semi-trailer remains passive, the additional drive axle is raised.

In the event of a decrease in the bearing capacity of the soil, the additional drive axle is brought into working position, that is, it is lowered and participates in the movement of the mining and transport machine. The drive axle is moved to the working position by transferring torque from the tractor power take-off 38 to the main adjustable pump 14, which supplies liquid to the three-position solenoid valve 20, set to the neutral position. Further, the working fluid enters a three-position manual control valve 28 installed in the tractor cab. The operator moves the three-position manual control valve 28 to the operating position, corresponding to the supply of fluid to the piston cavities of the hydraulic cylinders for raising and lowering the drive axle 30, controlling the pressure in the system and the load on the additional axle with a pressure gauge 16. Since the operating pressure is necessary to power the hydraulic motors of the drive wheels 26 and hydraulic cylinders lifting and lowering of the drive bridge 30 may differ in the system, a pressure reducing valve 27 is provided, which, depending on the properties of the soil, can reduce the pressure supplied to the piston cavity. A hydraulic lock 29 is provided in the system to prevent spontaneous lifting of the drive axle. To transmit torque to the additional wheels of the semi-trailer, the three-position solenoid-controlled distributor 20 moves to the position corresponding to the supply of working fluid to the hydraulic motors of the drive wheels 26, which is switched on by the operator from the tractor cab. Before entering the hydraulic motors of the drive wheels 26, the working fluid passes through the flow divider 25, which synchronizes their operation. For the reserve of hydraulic energy, the system provides a pneumohydraulic accumulator 23, which is pre-filled with gas to the design pressure, which is controlled by the operator using a pressure gauge 16. To charge the PGA, it is necessary to move the three-position solenoid-controlled valve 20 to the extreme left position by pressing a button in the operator's cab. When the pressure of the working fluid reaches a predetermined value, the control signal from the pressure sensor 22 will move the three-position solenoid valve 20 to the neutral position. It is recommended to charge the PGA when the soil has good bearing capacity, when the additional drive axle is not involved. It is possible to use the stored hydraulic energy in conditions of low bearing capacity of the soil, when an additional axle is used during movement, and when the geological and technical equipment experiences the most difficult conditions for advancement (for example, a strong slope). Thus, the existing PGA allows you to get additional power for a short time, in excess of the power of the GTM drive engine. To supply additional hydraulic energy to the hydraulic motors of the drive wheels 26 from the PGA 23, it is necessary to switch the valve 24 to the working position by pressing the corresponding button in the control cabin. When the CHA gives off all the accumulated hydraulic energy, and the pressure in it drops to the lower predetermined level, the pressure sensor sends a control signal to the valve 24 and puts it in the neutral position. The three-position solenoid valve 20 can be controlled both with the help of buttons located in the control cabin, and with the help of a control signal from the pressure sensor 22. At a pressure corresponding to the PGA operating pressure, the control signal switches the three-position solenoid valve 20 to the neutral position, when when the PGA pressure drops below the pressure corresponding to the rarefied PGA, the control signal moves the three-position valve with electromagnetic control 20 to the leftmost position. To prevent PGA from overloading and to carry out maintenance, a safety block 21 is provided, including a safety valve and a manually controlled distributor.

To prevent overheating of the hydraulic working fluid and its further cooling during operation, a system is provided in the hydraulic system, driven by an additional adjustable pump 15, which supplies fluid to the hydraulic fan 33, the cooling heat exchanger 34.

At the same time, the traction and coupling properties of a wheeled tractor with a semi-trailer are increased, metal consumption is reduced, reliability is increased, and the control of the additional axle drive is simplified.

Claims (1)

Semi-trailer drive axle control device, consisting of hydraulic pumps and hydrostatic transmission control elements of the device, which are configured to be connected to the tractor power take-off mechanism, characterized in that the hydraulic pumps are configured to be connected via high-pressure hoses with hydraulic motors that are installed concentrically in each pneumatic wheel of the semi-trailer drive axle and are rigidly connected to the fixed part of the hub of each wheel, while the output shaft of the hydraulic motor is connected to the movable part of the hub, and with the hydraulic cylinders for lifting and lowering the drive axle of the semi-trailer, installed at the same distance from the center of the beam, the device also contains a pneumohydroaccumulator, on which a pressure gauge is installed with the possibility of removal, while the pneumohydraulic accumulator is connected through the safety block by high-pressure hoses with a three-position distributor, and a fitting with a pressure gauge is installed between them, in the body of the safety block you the hole in which the pressure sensor is installed is filled, the three-position distributor is made with the possibility of connecting through the flow divider and high-pressure hoses with the hydraulic motors of the drive wheels, a valve is installed between the pneumatic accumulator and the flow divider, the drain hydraulic lines of the hydraulic motors of the drive wheels, the three-position manually controlled distributor and the safety valve are made in the form of pipelines and hoses, which are interconnected by fittings, a temperature sensor and a heat exchanger are installed in the combined drain pipeline, a check valve is connected to the discharge pipe of the adjustable pump through a flange with the possibility of removal, to which a valve of the main circuit is connected through the fitting, which is connected to the hydraulic motor fan and control valve.

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