RU2401762C1 - Machine - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: transport.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to machine building. Proposed machine comprises body, engine, transmission, caterpillar chains, driven and drive wheels on lever suspensions with hydraulic cylinders. Drive wheels of RH and LH sides are articulated engine and between themselves via differential. Sun gears of LH and RH planetary reduction gear are jointed with differential pinion frame. Planetary reduction gear pinion frame is jointed with caterpillar chain drive sprocket and brake on its side. Annular ring of every planetary reduction gear is linked with reversing hydraulic motor via IN/OUT clutch. Motor intake and discharge ducts communicate via oil ducts with intake and discharge ducts of reversing pump. Pump shaft is articulated with gearbox secondary shaft. Steering wheel is articulated with the pump work volume regulator and driven wheels via hydraulic booster.

EFFECT: higher maneuverability and ease of control.

2 cl, 4 dwg

Description

The invention relates to heavy tracked wheeled vehicles, mainly to tanks.

There are known caterpillar-wheeled self-transporting wheeled tanks, for example, from [1], p. 60 ... 67, and caterpillar-wheeled self-transporting wheeled vehicles, for example, from [2], [3], [4], [5] and others in which the wheel drive is designed to be transported to the place of work.

Their disadvantages are that for driving on a wheeled track dismantle the tracks [1] or continue to rotate the drive sprockets of the tracks and rewind the tracks [2], [3], [4], [5]. Another drawback is that levers are used to control crawler maneuvering, and a steering wheel is used to control maneuvering on wheeled wheels, which is inconvenient and clutters the driver’s seat.

A known machine containing a housing, engine, transmission, tracks, steered and drive wheels on linkage suspensions with lifting and lowering cylinders, for example, from [5], which is adopted as a prototype.

Its disadvantages are the same as its counterparts. In addition, for copying roughnesses of the road surface with 4 wheels, it is necessary to lift the casing with the hydraulic cylinders of the lever suspension of the wheels to an incomplete piston stroke in each of them and guess what part of the piston stroke to copy for roughnesses of the road surface with 4 wheels.

The technical result of the invention is to control the maneuvering of the machine on a caterpillar and wheeled drive only with a steering wheel, each turning angle of which constantly corresponds to its radius of the trajectory on both the wheeled and caterpillar travel, as well as the automatic adjustment of the raising and lowering hydraulic cylinders for copying the unevenness of the road surface with the wheels and turning it off rewinding tracks at the same time.

The invention:

1. A machine comprising a housing, an engine, a transmission, tracks, steered and drive wheels on linkage suspensions with lift-lower hydraulic cylinders, in which according to the invention the drive wheels of the right and left sides are kinematically connected to each other and to the engine through a differential, to the carrier of which are attached sun gears of the right and left planetary gearbox, whose carrier was connected with the brake and with the drive sprocket of the caterpillar of its side, and the epicyclic of each planetary gearbox is kinematically connected through an on-off clutch a reversible hydraulic motor, the input-output channels of which are connected by oil pipelines with the input-output channels of an adjustable reversible pump, which is able to work with opposite rotations of its shaft, kinematically connected with the secondary shaft of the gearbox, while kinematically connected with the control unit of the pump displacement through a power steering wheel connected kinematically and with steered wheels also through a power steering.

2. The machine according to claim 1, in which, according to the invention, the piston cavities of the lifting and lowering hydraulic cylinders are connected by oil pipelines with a first hydraulic accumulator, and the rod cavities of the lifting and lowering hydraulic cylinders are communicated by oil pipelines with a second hydraulic accumulator, and wherein the cavities of the lifting and lowering hydraulic cylinders are communicated by oil pipelines with an oil pump through a two-way valve and a directional control valve with a negative spool overlap.

Due to the characteristics of paragraphs 1 and 2, only the steering wheel is controlled by maneuvering the machine on caterpillar and wheeled wheels, each turning angle of which constantly corresponds to its radius of the trajectory on both wheeled and caterpillar tracks, and they also automatically adjust the lifting and lowering hydraulic cylinders for copying with wheels roughnesses of the road surface and turning off the rewinding of tracks at the same time.

Arranged car (hereinafter tank) as follows.

Figure 1 shows a tank, for example type T-55, T-55M, in a transport position on a wheeled drive, side view. The dotted line shows the position of the soil, wheels, and track support rollers when driving on a caterpillar track. Combat weight 36 t + wheel drive + additional fuel supply, total weight 40 t, engine 620 l. p. [1], p.186, 187.

Figure 2 is a top view.

Figure 3 shows the hydraulic circuit connecting the oil pipelines of the hydraulic apparatus for lifting and lowering the hull of the tank and the track-idler rollers of the tracks.

Figure 4 shows a diagram of a device for maneuvering a tank on a tracked and wheeled track.

Symbols in figures 1, 2, 3 and 4:

1 - tank armored hull (hereinafter referred to as the hull),

2 - a steered wheel with an arch aviation tire 950 × 350, operating pressure 0.52 MPa, parking load 4.8 t, maximum permissible load 15.3 t, take-off speed 160 km / h, [6], p. 149, table 6.17 (hereinafter wheel),

3 - a driving wheel with an arched aircraft tire 1450 × 520, operating pressure 0.55 MPa, parking load 14.3 tons, maximum allowable load 38.8 tons, take-off speed 220 km / h, [6], p. 149, table. 6.17 (hereinafter wheel),

4 - chain drive wheel 3 (hereinafter chain),

5 - driven sprocket wheel drive 3 (hereinafter sprocket),

6 - a leading asterisk of a drive of a wheel 3 (further an asterisk)

7 - tank caterpillar (hereinafter caterpillar),

8 - caterpillar tape (hereinafter tape),

9 - the leading sprocket of the track 7 (hereinafter the sprocket),

10 - track roller track 7 (hereinafter roller),

11 - track-idler roller track 7 (hereinafter roller),

12 - a wheel bridge 2 with a steering trapezoid (hereinafter the bridge),

13 - beam axle of the wheels 3 (hereinafter the axis),

14 - parallelogram suspension of the bridge 12 with spherical joints of levers (hereinafter suspension),

15 - lever suspension of the bridge 13, each lever of which is attached to the axis 13 motionless, and is connected to the housing 1 by a cylindrical hinge (hereinafter the suspension),

16 - hydraulic cylinder lifting and lowering the housing 1, as well as lifting and lowering the wheels 2 (hereinafter the cylinder),

17 - a hydraulic cylinder for raising and lowering the housing 1, as well as for raising and lowering the wheels 3 (hereinafter the cylinder),

18 - hydraulic cylinder lifting and lowering the roller 11, the piston cavity of the cylinder with a breather, (hereinafter the cylinder),

19 - with a screw tensioner flexible stretch between the suspension arms 14 (hereinafter stretch),

20 - oil pipe in figure 3 (hereinafter oil pipe),

21 - capacity for oil (hereinafter tank),

22 - gear pump driven by the tank engine shaft (hereinafter pump),

23 - safety valve (hereinafter valve),

24 - oil filter with pressure reducing valve (hereinafter filter),

25 - a directional valve with a negative spool overlap (hereinafter referred to as a directional valve),

26 - two-way hydraulic lock (hereinafter referred to as the lock),

27 - throttle with a check valve (hereinafter retarder),

28 - the first accumulator (hereinafter battery),

29 - the second hydraulic accumulator (hereinafter referred to as the battery),

30 - an engine with a clutch, (hereinafter the engine),

31 - gearbox (hereinafter gearbox),

32 - transfer case connected by a pinion gear with a secondary shaft of gearbox 31 (hereinafter referred to as a distributor),

33 - driven gear of the distributor 32 with a device for moving along the shaft on which it sits (hereinafter the gear),

34 - the leading bridge of the tank (hereinafter the bridge),

35 - a clutch connecting the distributor 32 with the main gear of the bridge 34 (hereinafter the clutch),

36 - the drive gear of the main transmission of the bridge 34 (hereinafter the gear),

37 - driven gear of the main gear of the bridge 34 (hereinafter referred to as the gear),

38 - differential of the bridge 34 (hereinafter differential),

39 - sun gear differential 38 (hereinafter gear),

40 - the drive axle of the sprocket 6 gears 39 (further semi-axis),

41 - drove differential 38 (hereinafter drove),

42 - planetary gear drive sprocket 9 (hereinafter referred to as the gearbox),

43 - the sun gear of the gearbox 42 (hereinafter the gear),

44 - hollow axis of the sprocket drive 9 gear 42 (hereinafter the axis)

45 - carrier gear 42 with satellites connected to the axle shaft 44 (hereinafter referred to)

46 - with the internal teeth of the epicyclic-shell of the gearbox 42 and with the external teeth of the kinematic connection of the right and left gears 42 with each other (hereinafter referred to as the epicyclic),

47 - gear with a clutch on-off clutch with the shaft on which it sits (hereinafter gear),

48 - bevel gear kinematic connection of the gearboxes 42 among themselves (hereinafter gear),

49 - tape brake with a pulley sitting on the axle shaft 44 (hereinafter referred to as the brake),

50 - reversible hydraulic axial-plunger motor type 210.32.11 [7], p.33 (hereinafter referred to as the motor),

51 - oil pipe in figure 4 (hereinafter oil pipe),

52 - adjustable reversible axial-plunger pump that can operate with opposite rotations of its shaft, type 207.32.11.02 [7], p.47, fig.3.12, having a finger link [7], p.46, fig.3.10, position 7, rotation of the inclined block (hereinafter pump),

53 - reverse feed pump, for example MNSH-46U [8], p.20 (hereinafter pump),

54 - block check valves (hereinafter valve block),

55 - a block of safety and control hydraulic devices in a volumetric hydraulic actuator of a motor 50 with a pump 52, including safety, pressure and check valves, a hydraulic control valve, an oil filter, a radiator and an oil tank, (hereinafter referred to as the block),

56 - two-way hydraulic lock on the input channels of the motor 50 (hereinafter referred to as the lock),

57 - steering wheel (hereinafter the steering wheel),

58 - the worm wheel of the steering device (hereinafter referred to as the worm),

59 - a gear sector in engagement with the worm 58 (hereinafter referred to as the sector),

60 - gear sector connected firmly to sector 59 (hereinafter sector),

61 - gear sector connected firmly to sectors 59 and 60 (hereinafter sector),

62 - a hydraulic cylinder connected by a gear rack on one of the rods with sector 59 (hereinafter the cylinder),

63 - directional valve with a negative spool overlap, with centering springs and reactive chambers "feeling of the road" [9], p.217, communicated with cylinder 62, (hereinafter referred to as the distributor),

64 - communication links of one of the rods of the cylinder 62 with the control link of the pump 52 (hereinafter links),

65 - stabilizer, kinematically connected with links 64, (hereinafter stabilizer),

66 - capacity for oil power steering 57 (hereinafter tank),

67 - gear pump (hereinafter pump),

68 - safety valve (hereinafter valve),

69 - oil filter with pressure reducing valve (hereinafter filter),

70 - a gear rack of a drive of rotation of wheels 2 (further a rack),

71 - gear wheel drive rotation of the wheels 2 (hereinafter gear),

72 - telescopic driveshaft (cardan),

73 - a gear rack of a drive of a steering trapezoid (further a rack).

To the front wall of the housing 1 (Figs. 1 and 2), the levers of the suspension parallelogram of the suspension 14 of the bridge 12 of the steered wheels 2 and the cylinders 16 are connected by spherical hinges. From the lateral displacements, the arms hold the flexible extensions 19. To the rear wall of the housing by two cylindrical hinges, the suspension 15 of the wheel axle 13 3 and cylinders 17. The axes of the cylindrical hinges coincide with the axes of the sprockets 9 of the tracks 7. The rollers 10 and 11 are covered by a tape 8. The axes of the rollers 11 are pivotally connected to the cylinders 18.

The same cavity of the cylinders 16 and 17 (Fig. 3) are pairwise connected to each other by the oil pipelines 20. The piston cavities of these cylinders through the retarders 27 are connected by the oil pipelines 20 to each other, with the accumulator 28, with the rod cavities of the cylinders 18 and through another moderator 27, the lock 26, the distributor 25 with the pump 22. The rod cavities of the cylinders 16 and 17 are connected by oil pipelines 20 to each other, with the accumulator 29 and through the lock 26, the distributor 25 is connected to the pump 22. This pump is connected to the tank 21 by the suction oil pipe and is distributed with the distribution oil pipe element 25 and through the valve 23, the filter 24 is in communication with the tank 21.

The motor shaft 30 (Fig. 4) through the clutch, gearbox 31, distributor 32, clutch 35 is connected to the gear 36 of the bridge 34 and through the gear 37 attached to the carrier 41, is connected to the differential 38, the gear 39 of which is connected via an axle shaft 40 to the sprocket 6, connected by a chain 4 with an asterisk 5 of a wheel 3. To the carrier 41, gears 43 of the right and left gear 42 are attached. Gear 43 is engaged with the satellites of carrier 45 of gear 42. The carrier 45 is connected via a half shaft 44 to the brake pulley 49, track sprocket 9, 7 and is in kinematic connection with epicyclic crowbar 46 through its satellites, which are meshed with the internal teeth of the epicycle. Its outer teeth on the side of the epicycle are meshed with gear 47, connected-disconnected from the shaft, on which sits a clutch controlled from the driver's seat. Gears 47 and 48 kinematically connect the gearboxes 42 to each other and to the shaft of the motor 50, which is connected through a lock 56 and oil lines 51 to a pump 52, the shaft of which is connected to the gear shaft 33 of the distributor 32. On the other hand, the pump shaft 53 is connected to the gear shaft 33. This pump through the block 54 of the check valves is in communication with the block 55 of the hydraulic devices for feeding, regulating and protecting the volume hydraulic drive.

The rudder 57 is connected by a shaft with a worm 58, which is meshed with the teeth of sector 59, mounted in bearings with the possibility of movement along its axis and connected to the spool of the distributor 63. The control channels of this distributor are connected by oil pipelines to the cylinder 62, one of the rods of which is connected to the gear rail 70, which is meshed with the sector 59, and the other rod is pivotally connected to the links 64, connecting it with the control link of the pump 50, and with the stabilizer 65. This stabilizer contains a rod with partially compressed nuts spring between the two discs with a hole for the rod and a cylindrical shell with end shoulders for abutment in their disks under pressing spring. The stabilizer shell is pivotally connected to the housing 1. A sector 61 is attached to sectors 59 and 60, the gear 71 is engaged with its teeth, connected by a cardan 72 to another gear 71 connected by gearing to the drive rail 73 of the steering wheel 2 of the steering axle 12. Entrance the distributor channel 63 is connected by a pressure oil line with a pump 67, the output channel of which is connected by a drain oil line through a filter 69 with a tank 66. The valve 68 is connected with a pressure and oil drain lines. Wheels 2 and 3 are equipped with pneumatic brakes. Wheels and linkages are designed for quick dismantling.

The work of transporting the tank from the park to the designated point is as follows.

Let it be required to deliver the tank from the park to the designated point. To do this, start the engine 30, the dispenser 25 turn on the oil supply by the pump 22 from the tank 21 through the oil pipes 20 through the lock 26 and the check valves of the retarders 27 to the accumulator 28, the piston cavities of the cylinders 16 and 17, the rod cavities of the cylinders 18 up to the full stroke of the pistons of all of the listed cylinders . At the same time, oil is squeezed out of the rod cavities of the cylinders 16 and 17 through the open valve of the second output channel of the lock 26 through the distributor 25, the filter 24 and its pressure reducing valve into the tank 21. By this, the tank is transferred to the transport position on a wheeled drive (Fig. 1). Then the gear 33 is disengaged from the drive gear of the distributor 32 (if it was engaged), at the same time, the couplings 47 disconnect the connection of the gears 47 from the shaft on which they are sitting and engage the first gearbox of the gearbox 31. This brings the torque from the engine to the bridge 34. The differential gear 38, its gears 39, half shafts 40, sprockets 6 and 5, wheels 3 rotate the gears 36 and 37, then through the gearbox 31 include higher speeds depending on the conditions. In this case, the caterpillar tracks 8 do not rewind, since the gears 47 that fit freely on the shafts do not interfere with the easy rotation of the epicycles 46. Therefore, insufficient torque is applied to the carriers 45 of the gearboxes 42 to rewind the tracks 8 of the tracks 7.

To turn right (left), turn the steering wheel 57 to the right (left). This worm 58 abuts against the teeth of the sector 59 and displaces it along the axis back (forward) together with the spool of the distributor 63, which directs the oil flow from the pump 66 into the cavity of the cylinder 62 from the gear rack side of the rod (from the side of the rod connected to the links 64), and from its other cavity, the oil is squeezed out through the distributor 63 and the filter 69 into the tank 66. The sectors 59, 60 and 61 are rotated clockwise (counterclockwise) by the cylinder 64 and the worm 58 together with the valve spool 63 are moved forward (backward) until they are restored starting position. In this case, the stabilizer 65 spring is additionally compressed by the cylinder 62, the gears 71 with the cardan 72 are turned counterclockwise (clockwise) by the sector 61, and the rail 73 is left (right), the wheels 2 are right (left). To exit the steering wheel 57 is not held in a rotated position. Therefore, the spring of the stabilizer 65 and the stabilizing moment of the wheels 2 return them and the piston of the cylinder 62 to the initial position of linear motion, pumping oil between its cavities through the gaps of the negative overlap of the spool in the distributor 63.

Let the tank move along a road with an uneven surface. When hitting, for example, the front wheels 2 on the bump, the pistons of the cylinders 16 squeeze the oil through the retarder 27 into the battery 28, since the inertia of the housing 1 is greater than the inertia of the battery 28. Therefore, the front of the housing 1 is raised by a smaller amount than the height of the bump. In this case, oil is sucked into the rod cavities through the check valve of the lock 26. After moving the pothole, the accumulator 28 through the check valve of the retarder 27 returns the oil to the piston cavities of the cylinders 16. In this case, the oil from the rod cavities of the cylinders 16 enters the accumulator 29, since the direction goes to the tank 21 closed by a lock 26. Subsequently, on bumps no higher than the first, oil enters the rod cavities of cylinders 16 and 17 from accumulator 29 and then returns to it. With higher bumps than the largest of the previous ones, oil enters the rod cavities of the cylinders 16 and 17 from the accumulator 29 and additionally through the check valve of the lock 26, gradually accumulating in the accumulator 29, which thereby “remembers” the highest height of the bumps. Subsequently, the oil is pumped partially between the cavities of the same name in the cylinders 16 and 17, and partially between the cylinders and the batteries. At the same time, moderators 27 inhibit the high-frequency harmonics of the oscillations of the hull 1, creating more comfortable conditions for the crew at higher speeds.

According to our calculations, the maximum speed of such a tank on an asphalt concrete highway and on a winter icy road is 160 km / h, on a packed dirt (field) road - 100 km / h, on a snowy packed road and in an area with a dense turf and in the fall - 80 km / hours

Let there be a section of the path with unfavorable conditions for the wheel drive on the route of movement. To move on such a section, the tank body 1 is dispensed by the dispenser 25 onto the tracks 7, the wheels 2 and 3 are lifted up, the rollers 11 are put into working position. At the same time, the gear 33 is engaged with the drive gear of the distributor 32, the gears 47 are connected by couplings to the shafts on which they are sitting, and they include the first gear of the gearbox 31. With this engine 30, the gears of the distributor 32 are rotated, the pumps 52 and 53, the gears 36 and 37 of the bridge 34 , drove 41 differentials 38 and gears 43 of the right and left gears 42 attached to the differential, let the steering wheel 57 be in the middle position, which corresponds to the same pressure of the stabilizer spring 65 on both sides of its shell and zero working volume of the pump 52. In this position, we 52 som no oil pump, the motor 50 is braked and its lock shaft 56 through the gears 48 and 47 hold epicycles 46 right and left gear 42 against rotation. Therefore, the gears 43 of the gears 42 rotate their satellites, which run around the stationary epicycles 46 and thereby rotate both the carrier 41 and both sprockets 7 with the same frequency. The tank is moved rectilinearly.

To turn to the right (left), the steering wheel 57 is turned to the right (left) and through the hydraulic booster and links 64 the pump 52 is brought out of the zero displacement position, and the stabilizer spring 65 is further compressed. Oil is supplied to the motor 50 through the lock 56 and rotate its shaft to the left (right). Therefore, the epicycle 46 of the right (left) gear 42 rotate against the rotation (rotation) of the gear 43 and reduce (increase) the frequency of rotation of the carrier 41 of this gear and the sprocket 9 of the right track 7. At the same time, the epicycle 46 of the left (right) gear 42 is rotated in the direction of rotation ( against the direction of rotation) of the gear 43 and increase (decrease) the frequency of rotation of the carrier 41 of this gearbox and the sprocket 9 of the left track 7. The tank is turned to the right (left) while maintaining the magnitude of its speed module. The more the steering wheel 57 is turned, the smaller the radius of the turning trajectory. To exit the rotation in a straightforward motion, the steering wheel 57 is not held in a rotated position. The stabilizer 65 returns the piston of the cylinder 62 to its original position and thereby pumps the oil between the cavities of the cylinder 62 through the distributor 63 (through the gaps of the negative overlap of its spool), sectors 59 and 60, and the worm 58 returns the steering wheel 57 to the initial position of rectilinear movement. The tank is again moving straight ahead. The raised wheels 2 also turn in the direction of rotation of the steering wheel 57, but this does not create any inconvenience.

Upon arrival at the destination, the wheels with suspensions are dismantled.

So, the tank according to the invention is transported on wheels to the delivery point on roads and terrain with favorable conditions for wheeled travel at speeds: on the highway - up to 180 km / h, on a packed dirt (field) road - up to 125 km / h, on terrain with dense turf, on deposits, on a snowy packed road - up to 90 km / h, and on track sections with adverse conditions for wheeled travel - on a caterpillar track, which allows to reduce travel time, reduce fuel consumption and increase traffic capacity of roads. The essential features of the invention are applicable to other heavy mobile equipment.

Information sources

1. Tanks of the world. / Compiled by R. Ismagilov. - Smolensk, Rusich, 2002 .-- 224 p.

2. GB 253,880. An Automftically Operating Device for Raising the Wheels off Vehicle. 05/25/1926. 3 page.

3. DE 19519670 Al B62D 55 / 04.26.10.1995. Description of the invention. 6 sec

4. SU 527331 B62D 55 / 10.15.03.1978. Bull. No. 10. Description of the invention "Self-propelled vehicle". 02.20.1978, 4 p.

5. UA 83374 C2, B62D 55/04, 07/10/2008. Bull. No. 13, 2008 p. Description before patent on wines "Samokhid", 3 pp.

6. Alexandrov V.G., Bazanov B.I. Handbook of aviation materials and technology for their use. - M.: Transport, 1979.-263 p.

7. Vasilchenko V.A. Hydraulic equipment of mobile machines: Reference Book - M.: Mechanical Engineering, 1983. - 301 p.

8. Hydraulic equipment for tractors, agricultural and road machines. Tractor export. Vneshtorgizdat. Ed. No. 334136. 1981. 53 p.

9. Automobile: Design fundamentals: "A textbook for universities in the specialty" Automobiles and motor vehicles "/ NN Vishnyakov et al. - 2nd ed., Revised and enlarged. - M.: Mechanical Engineering, 1986. - 304 from.

Claims (2)

1. A machine comprising a housing, an engine, a transmission, tracks, steered and drive wheels on linkage suspensions with lifting and lowering hydraulic cylinders, characterized in that the driving wheels of the right and left sides are kinematically connected to each other and to the engine through a differential to which the carrier is attached sun gears of the right and left planetary gearbox, whose carrier was connected to the drive sprocket of the caterpillar and the brake of its side, and the epicyclic of each planetary gearbox is kinematically connected via an on-off clutch with a reversible hydraulic motor, the input-output channels of which are connected by oil pipelines with the input-output channels of an adjustable reversible pump, which is able to work with opposite rotations of its shaft, kinematically connected to the secondary shaft of the gearbox, while kinematically connected to the control unit of the pump displacement through a power steering wheel connected kinematically and with steered wheels also through a power steering. 2. The machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the piston cavities of the lifting and lowering hydraulic cylinders are connected by oil pipelines with a first hydraulic accumulator, and the rod cavities of the lifting and lowering hydraulic cylinders are communicated by oil pipelines with a second hydraulic accumulator, and the cavities of the lifting and lowering hydraulic cylinders are communicated by oil pipelines with an oil pump through a two-way valve and a directional control valve with a negative spool overlap.

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