RU2347710C1 - Wheel-caterpillar vehicle - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: transport.

SUBSTANCE: proposed wheel-caterpillar vehicle comprises the wheels and tracks with common driving axle and the axle of running wheels. Track rut width exceeds that of wheel track and extends beyond lateral sizes. The vehicle transmission comprises single automotive-type gearbox. The driving axle incorporates one final drive with differential furnished with the differential locking throw in/out device. Axle (16) with planetary reduction gear sun gear (18) and the sprocket drive throw in/out brake is attached to the driving axle half-shaft flange. Sun gear (18) is splined with the sprocket. Pinion frame (19) is rigidly jointed to axle (16). Satellites are in mesh with the sun gear and planetary reduction gear epicyclic train (20), the reduction gar being rigidly jointed to the protective casing. The aforesaid epicyclic train is enveloped by a clamping band (21) to allow smooth braking of the aforesaid epicyclic train.

EFFECT: greater speed, possibility to use tracks with adequate width.

3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to trackless vehicles.

Known vehicles (combines) for moving and maneuvering on wheels and on tracks, for example, a GA3-60 car [1], an armored car according to EP 0937634 A1 [2], a self-propelled vehicle according to SU 527331 [3], an MT3-80 tractor half-track [4], p.256, 257, self-propelled machine [5], tractor [6], universal tractor [7], tractor [8] and others.

Their disadvantage is that for moving and maneuvering, either wheels [3, 6, 8] or wheels [3, 6, 8] are mounted (dismantled) by wheels or tracks, which is uncomfortable and long.

Known combi, containing wheels and tracks with a common drive axle of their drive, as well as a bridge of swivel wheels, for example a tractor universal [7], which is the closest analogue of the inventive combi.

Its disadvantage is that when switching from a wheel drive to a tracked (and vice versa) tracks are mounted (dismantled).

The technical result (goal) of the invention is the fastest movement and normal maneuvering of the combi-track along the route with sections of the track that are favorable and unfavorable for the wheel running without damaging the hard road surface with tracks, as well as the ability to complete the combi-track with the necessary tracks, including an increase in width, according to its conditions application.

The essence of the invention is that the combi-wheel containing wheels and tracks with a common axle of their drive, as well as the axle of swivel wheels, characterized by the invention in that the track of the tracks is wider than the track of the wheels of the drive axle and is located beyond its lateral dimensions, while the transmission of the combi contains a single-threaded an automobile-type gearbox, and the drive axle contains one main gear with a differential equipped with an on / off device for locking it, while to the drive axle flange of the drive axle and to the hubs the axle is attached to the wheels, on which the sun gear of the planetary gearbox is mounted with an on / off brake for the sprocket drive, while the sun gear is connected with slots to the sprocket, and the carrier is rigidly connected to the axle, the pinion gears are engaged with the sun gear and the epicyclic of the planetary gearbox, which is rigidly connected to the protective casing, and the epicyclic of the planetary gearbox is covered by a belt brake installed with the possibility of continuously adjustable braking of the epicycle.

Track rollers and supporting rollers of the tracks of the combi-body are installed with the possibility of their movement by hydraulic cylinders up and down relative to the housing of the combi-body, which rests on the axles of the wheels through the springs.

Thanks to such essential features, the combi-body is moved on a road with a solid surface only on wheels, lifting the tracks above the track surface and disconnecting their drive. When a part of the route passes through wet ground and wetlands or on loose snowy surfaces, the track drive is turned on, the tracks are lowered by hydraulic cylinders to the track surface and the oil pressure in the pressure (cavityless) cavity of the hydraulic cylinders is increased to press the track rollers on the lower track branch to obtain the necessary adhesion to the surface the way. The springs of bridges at the same time are unloaded partially or completely. The location of the tracks on the outer track relative to the wheels allows you to complete the combine with the tracks necessary for the operating conditions of the width.

Arranged combi, such as an ambulance, as follows.

Figure 1 schematically shows a combi when moving on a wheeled drive.

Figure 2 - combi when moving caterpillars.

Figure 3 is a diagram of a fragment of the drive axle with a planetary gearbox and an on-off brake of the drive track sprocket drive.

Symbols in figures 1, 2 and 3.

1 - housing combi (hereinafter referred to as housing),

2 - rotary (steering wheel) wheel with a pneumatic tire (hereinafter wheel),

3 - drive from the engine (drive) wheel with a pneumatic tire (hereinafter wheel),

4 - sprocket drive caterpillar tracks (hereinafter asterisk),

5 - caterpillar track (hereinafter caterpillar),

6 - track tension wheel with a tension mechanism (hereinafter tensioner),

7 - track roller track (hereinafter roller),

8 - roller supporting the upper branch of the caterpillar (hereinafter roller),

9 - roller lever (hereinafter referred to as the lever),

10 - roller lever (hereinafter lever),

11 - a lever rigidly connected to levers 9 and 10 (hereinafter the shoulder),

12 - a hydraulic cylinder pivotally connected to the housing 1 and the shoulder 11 (hereinafter the cylinder),

13 - drive axis of the drive axle (hereinafter referred to as the axis),

14 - sleeve (part of the beam) of the drive axle (hereinafter the sleeve),

15 - wheel hub 3 mounted on the sleeve 14 by means of two bearings (hereinafter the hub),

16 - axis with a flange for fastening it with bolts to the hub 15 and to the flange of the axle shaft 13 (hereinafter the axis),

17 - planetary gear with brake on-off drive sprocket 4 (hereinafter referred to as the gearbox),

18 - sun gear with a hub for splined pairing with an asterisk 4 and for installation by bearings on the axis 16 (hereinafter gear),

19 - drove with gears-satellites of the planetary gearbox (hereinafter referred to as),

20 - epicyclic planetary gear with a protective casing (hereinafter referred to as epicyclic),

21 - brake, for example, tape, installed with the possibility of continuously adjustable braking of the epicycle.

The housing 1 (FIGS. 1 and 2) of the combi-body through the springs and shock absorbers rests on the axle of the steering wheels 2 and on the drive axle of the wheels 3. The drive axle 4 of the caterpillar drive 5 is also installed on the drive axle, which covers this asterisk. Asterisk 4, track 5, tensioner 6, rollers 7 and rollers 8 are located on a larger track than the wheels. The roller and roller are mounted on the lever 9 and 10, respectively. These levers are connected to the housing 1 of the combi-joint pivotally, but are rigidly fastened to the shoulder 11, which is connected with the housing 1 by means of a cylinder 12 with two hinges at its ends.

The combi-drive transmission contains a single-threaded automobile-type gearbox, and the drive axle contains one main transmission with a differential, which is equipped with an on / off device for locking it. Axle 16 is bolted to the flange of the axle shaft 13 and to the hub 15, on which, by means of bearings, the gear 18 of the gearbox 17 is mounted, connected by splines to the sprocket 4. The carrier 19 is rigidly connected to the axis 16, and its pinion gears are engaged with the gear 18 and epicyclic 20, which is rigidly connected to the protective casing of the gearbox 17, having lip seals of movable mates and the required amount of gear oil in the internal cavity. The epicycle 20 is covered by a tape brake 21, which is installed with the possibility of continuously adjustable braking of the epicycle. The gearbox parameters are selected so that the linear speeds of the wheel 3 and the caterpillar 5 are the same or do not differ significantly. If, for example, the diameter of the sprocket 4 is three times smaller than the diameter of the wheel 3, then (according to our calculations) the number of teeth of the epicycle 20 is twice that of the gear 18. In this case, the linear speeds of the wheel 3 and the track 5 are theoretically the same.

The combine works as follows.

Suppose, for example, an ambulance was called from a district center to a patient in a rural area - a combat vehicle, and the route contains a section of the road with ascents and descents and marshy lowlands after rain.

In the initial position of the combine, the tracks 5 are raised to their highest position (FIG. 1) by the cylinders 12 (FIG. 2), and the brake 21 is released.

At the beginning of movement on a paved road and in other conditions favorable for wheel running, the combi-body is moved only on wheels 2 and 3, while driving wheels 3 rotate from the engine, and at the same time epicyclic 20 because the sprocket 18 does not rotate, since the sprocket rotates 18 track 5 (even raised above the road surface) requires a much greater torque than the rotation of the unbraked epicycle 19. The axle shaft 13 with the axis 16 and the carrier 19 is driven from the engine only through the differential of the drive axle. The combine is moved and maneuvered by it like an ordinary car.

After leaving a dirt road with a slippery surface after rain (or snow virgin snow), the differential of the drive axle is blocked, and the brake 21 (Fig. 3) is turned on until the epicycle 20 stops completely. In this position, the tracks 5 are rewound from the engine through the axles 13, the carrier 19, gear 18 and sprocket 4. Then, an oil flow is supplied to the piston cavity of the cylinders 12. The pistons of these cylinders lower the tracks 5 to the surface of the road. Further, the oil pressure in the cylinders 12 is increased, and thus, the rollers 7 press the tracks 5 to the road surface with sufficient traction for stable movement of the combine without noticeable slipping of the tracks 5. This suspension pressure in the cylinders 12 partially unloads the axle suspension springs and their wheels 2 and 3 . For maneuvering, the brake 21 of the side on which side the combination must be turned is gradually released.

When the combi-car leaves the route section with favorable conditions for the wheel running, the above-mentioned movement control operations are performed in the reverse order: the tracks are raised above the track surface, their rewinding is turned off and they continue moving only on wheels.

Thanks to the combination device described above, it is moved and maneuvered either by wheels or by tracks, depending on the state of the track surface. Therefore, people and goods are delivered on one flight without transfers and overloads along the route with sections of the track that are either favorable or unfavorable for the wheel drive. In addition, a combi-body with the features of the essence of the invention, but with an amphibian body and a mover on water, passes to the water surface both along marshy and steeper shores than just wheeled amphibians.

References

1. Reproduction from the magazine "Behind the Wheel", No. 7, 1979, 1 p.

2. EP 937634 Bull. 1999/34. European patent application. Tracked vehicle with torsion bar suspension, 11 pages.

3. SU 527331, Bull. No. 10, 03/15/1978. Description of the invention "Self-propelled vehicle", 4 p.

4. Tractors "Belarus" class 1, 4. Aggregation allowance. Minsk, PO MTZ, 1990, 300 s.

5. Patent of Ukraine 67437, Bull. No. 12, 2006. Description to the patent on the wine "Samokhidna Mashina", 3 pp.

6. Ukrainian Patent 3646, Bull. No. 12. 2004. Description before the patent for cinnamon model "Tractor", 3 pp.

7. Patent of Ukraine 3477, Bull. No. 11, 2004. Description before the patent for cinnamon model "Tractor-universal", 3 pp.

8. Patent of Ukraine 5248, Bull. No. 2, 2005. Description before the patent for cinnamon model "Tractor", 3 pp.

Claims (1)

A combi-drive containing wheels and tracks with a common drive axle of their drive, as well as a swivel axle, characterized in that the track of the tracks is wider than the track of the wheels of the drive axle and located behind its side dimensions, while the combi transmission contains a single-threaded automobile gearbox, and the drive axle contains one main gear with a differential equipped with an on / off device for locking it, while an axis is attached to the flange of the drive axle shaft of the drive axle and to the wheel hub The sun gear of the planetary gearbox with an on / off brake for the sprocket drive has been installed, while the sun gear is connected to the sprocket with an asterisk, the carrier is rigidly connected to the axis, the pinion gears are engaged with the sun gear and the epicyclic of the planetary gearbox, which is rigidly connected to the protective casing moreover, the epicyclic of the planetary gearbox is covered by a band brake installed with the possibility of smoothly controlled braking of the epicycle.

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