RU2395189C1 - Opener for fertilisation - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture. ^ SUBSTANCE: opener consists of a shell-type box with holes in the cheeks, a hoe, a portable little breasts, a channel for fertilisers, block of rotors. The block of rotors is installed inside the body. In the forepart of the opener a wheel with horizontal axis of rotation and needlelike spade bugs is installed. The wheel is connected to the block of rotors with a device transmitting drive. A device for transmitting drive is made in the form of a chain transmission. In the back part of the opener two spring-loaded spherical discs are mounted with the ability to adjust the angle of attack. ^ EFFECT: such constructive implementation enables to improve the quality of mixing fertilisers with soil inside the opener and to ensure formation of soil mixed with fertilisers crest. ^ 2 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agricultural machinery, in particular to the working bodies of machines for intra-soil application of solid organic and organic fertilizers.

A device for a combined opener (USSR AS No. 257186, class A01C 71/20) is known, which comprises a box-type case with cutouts in the cheeks, a paw, removable dumpers, channels for fertilizers and planting material. The coulter is intended for planting potato tubers with the simultaneous introduction of granular mineral fertilizers into the soil.

The disadvantage of this device is that the fertilizer is laid on the bottom of the furrow in the form of a tape and is filled with soil without mixing. Fertilizers can be either inaccessible to plants, or a focus is created that inhibits plants.

The closest in technical essence and the achieved result to the proposed technical solution is a device for applying loose organic mineral fertilizers to the soil, known from A. with. USSR No. 1794332, class A01C 71/20 and selected as a prototype.

This device includes a box-type case with cuts in the cheeks, a paw, removable dumpers, a fertilizer channel and a rotor unit installed inside the case behind the cuts in the cheeks.

Compared with the above analogue, the prototype has the advantage that the rotor block located inside the housing, as a result of passive rolling over the soil located above the fertilizer, partially mixes them.

However, the device has disadvantages. The main disadvantage is that the rotor is a passive working body, and therefore, the quality of mixing the fertilizer with the soil remains low. In addition, after the device passes on the soil surface, a poorly visible trace remains, according to which it is difficult to determine the location of fertilized tapes in the soil for planting cultivated plants in them.

The objective of the present invention is to improve the quality of mixing the fertilizer with the soil inside the opener and the formation of fertilizer over the soil mixed with soil tape fertilizer soil ridge.

The task is achieved by the proposed coulter for fertilizer application, which, like the prototype, includes a box-type case with cutouts in the cheeks, a paw, removable dumpers, a fertilizer channel and a rotor unit installed inside the case behind the cutouts in the cheeks. In contrast to the prototype, a front wheel with a horizontal axis of rotation is equipped with a needle-mounted wheel, from which torque is transmitted to the rotor unit using one of the known methods, for example, using a chain drive. In the rear part of the coulter, with springing and the ability to control the angle of attack, two spherical discs are installed, designed to form a soil ridge over the fertilizer.

Comparative analysis with the prototype shows that the claimed device is distinguished by the presence of new features, namely: a wheel with needle spreaders and a rotor block drive from it is installed, which actively mixes the fertilizer with soil inside the coulter, and two spherical discs are installed in the rear part with spring loading with the possibility of adjust the angle of attack. Springing creates a force on the discs, preventing their self-deepening from the soil.

As a result of the installation of wheels with needle coulters, during the forward movement of the coulter, due to the reactive coupling of the coulters with the soil of the wheel, a rotational movement is obtained, the torque of which is transmitted to the block of rotors by means of a transmission device, such as a chain gear. The rotor block, in turn, performing an active rotational movement with a higher angular velocity, ensures good quality of mixing the fertilizer with the soil. In addition, needle-mounted wheel loosers loosen the soil, which is then pumped by dumpers into the coulter. Spherical discs mounted at an angle to the direction of movement of the coulter ensure that the furrow falls asleep and the soil ridge is formed above the fertilized tape.

According to the information available to the authors, the set of essential features characterizing the essence of the claimed invention is not known from the technical field, which allows us to conclude that the invention meets the criterion of "Novelty."

Despite the fact that the individual elements that make up the coulter for fertilizer application are known in the art, a new set of features, namely, the installation of a wheel with needle tillers, from which torque is transmitted to the rotor unit that actively mix the fertilizer with the soil inside the coulter body; the installation of two spring-loaded spherical disks in the rear part of the coulter with the possibility of changing the angle of attack, filling the furrow with the fertilizer tape located in it mixed with soil and forming a soil ridge above the tape indicating the location of the fertilizer tape in the soil - are not known and do not follow explicitly from the prior art, since the causal relationship of the above characteristics and the obtained technical result was not known, which allows us to conclude that decision-ethnic criterion of "inventive step".

The invention is illustrated in figure 1, which shows a diagram of the coulter for fertilizing side view and figure 2 top view. The coulter consists of a box-type housing 1 with cutouts 2 in the cheeks and removable dumpers installed in them 3. A paw is installed in front of the coulter 4. Inside the coulter there is a channel 5 for feeding fertilizers and a rotor unit 6. At the rear of the coulter, spherical disks 7 are installed, which, by means of a spring 8, exert a force on the soil, spherical discs are attached to the coulter body using an arm 9. For active drive of the rotor unit, a wheel 10 with needle coulters 14 is installed in the front part of the coulter, the torque is about which is transmitted by a chain transmission consisting of the sprockets 11 and 12 with different gear ratio and the roller chain 13.

The coulter works as follows. With the forward movement of the opener along the field, the paw 4 cuts into the soil and forms a rectangular groove, to the bottom of which organic-mineral fertilizer is fed through the channel 5 for fertilizers. By dumpers 3, the soil is cut from the walls of the furrow and, through cutouts 2 in the cheeks, is fed to the coulter for fertilizer. Due to the coupling of the soil couplings with the soil, the wheel 10 receives a rotational movement, which is transmitted through a chain transmission to the rotor block 6. Due to the active rotation of the rotor block, the fertilizer uniformly mixes with the soil. A mixture of fertilizer with soil in the form of a tape is located at the bottom of the furrow along its entire width. Using spherical disks 7, the furrow is filled with soil, and a soil ridge is formed above the ribbon, into which seedlings of vegetable crops or potato tuber are subsequently planted.

Thanks to the installation of a wheel with needle tillers and the transmission of torque to the rotor block, the latter carries out active rotation, as a result of which the fertilizer is uniformly mixed with the soil and the fertilized belt is formed. Thus, the fertilizer is distributed in the soil in the form of a tape, while it is evenly distributed both in the width of the tape and in height. The soil ridge formed above the fertilizer ribbon is, on the one hand, a guideline for the location of fertilizer ribbons in the soil into which cultivated plants are planted, and on the other hand, favorably promotes the development of the plant root system.

As a result of the implementation of the new technical solution, the fertilizer applied to the soil is evenly distributed in the root-inhabited layer of cultivated plants, which ensures the availability of nutrient elements of fertilizers and, consequently, an increase in crop yields.

Claims (2)

1. Fertilizer coulter, consisting of a box-type casing with cutouts in the cheeks, paws, removable dumpers, a fertilizer channel, a rotor block installed inside the casing, characterized in that a wheel with a horizontal axis of rotation and needle couplings is installed in front of the coulter connected to the rotor block by a torque transmitting device, and two spring-loaded spherical disks are installed in the rear part of the coulter with the possibility of adjusting the angle of attack. 2. The opener according to claim 1, characterized in that the device for transmitting torque from a wheel with needle couplings to the rotor block is made in the form of a chain transmission.

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