RU2387763C1 - Method for erection of monolithic walls of residential buildings, housings and structures in combined curb - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction.

SUBSTANCE: method for erection of monolithic walls of residential buildings, housings and structures in combined curb includes installation of curb panels with fixation of distance between panels by means of yokes at the moment of its filling with concrete. At the same time at first external nondetachable facing panels are installed on technological horizon onto mortar by the level, made of reinforced concrete with edges of horizontal reinforcement that protrude into the wall, or from other smaller facing elements, in which reinforcement with bent edges is placed into grating between elements, then flexible insulator is suspended with its piercing through protruding reinforcement and pressing to inner side of facing panel, or insulator is installed inside the building after monolithic reinforced concrete walls, afterwards horizontal reinforcement is laid onto protruding ends of facing panels reinforcement, besides edges of horizontal reinforcement in walls are also bent, then panels of internal detachable curb of the first level from floor are installed on bays, and starting from the second level - onto supports mounted into liquid concrete, upper edge of internal curb is fixed with rigid yokes or hooks relative to facing panel. Internal curb space is poured with concrete, and supports are installed for the next layer of internal curb panels, at the same time concrete evenly presses insulator to facing panels, fixing protruding edges of facing panels reinforcement, and in case insulator is installed inside the building, concrete fixes facing panels as much as possible, inner resettable panels prior to installation are lubricated with used engine oil, selected material of resettable curb is slate with thickness of 8-12 mm, height of slate is cut by 2 cm more than height of external non-detachable curb, providing for overlap with lower concrete as it is shifted upwards, supports used are nails bent at the distance of 2 - 2.5 cm from head at the angle of 120 - 150 degrees and installed into concrete with pressing of end with head to internal panel (slate). As slate is shifted to another level, nails are either unbent or replaced for straight ones, if concrete has not gained sufficient strength for their straightening, and slate is lubricated with used engine oil at least once every two rearrangements.

EFFECT: reduced labour intensiveness and cost for erection of building, housing and structure walls, making it possible to work in small brigades without application of large construction equipment, keeping construction speed high, wider selection of possible versions for external facing of walls and creation of unlimited versions for interior finishing of premises.

3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of construction and can be used in the construction of monolithic reinforced concrete walls of residential buildings, buildings and structures.

There is a method of erecting walls of buildings using fixed formwork, including concrete reinforced panels and fasteners, each shield made of several parts interconnected by flexible connections, the shield reinforcement being used (USSR author's certificate No. 968259, IPC E04G 9 / 06).

However, this method of erecting monolithic buildings in fixed formwork is quite time-consuming to install formwork, it requires the use of heavy cranes, the need to assemble the formwork in several difficult steps: assembling panels using welding, hanging boards with a crane, attaching to spatial frames, final fixing with clamping beams and anchor bolts, after concreting walls and hardening concrete, removing anchor bolts as cold bridges and clamping bars.

A known method of erecting walls of buildings using removable formwork, including removable shields, screeds with grips and movable nuts, clamps of a triangular section, while the clamp limits the distance between the shields equal to the thickness of the concrete being molded (patent of the Russian Federation No. 2225928, class IPC E04G 11 / twenty).

However, this method of erecting monolithic buildings in removable formwork involves a rather complicated removal of the lower screeds with nuts after hardening concrete as cold bridges and as a rather expensive element, and there are quite a few such screeds in the manufacture of walls, depending on the strength of the formwork panels (the stronger the shield, the more expensive it is). The method is not applicable for the simultaneous construction of the outer part of the wall with the cladding.

Closest to the claimed one is a method of erecting monolithic walls of buildings and structures in fixed concrete formwork (patent of the Russian Federation No. 2198988, IPC E04G 11/02), including installing both external and internal separate formwork panels from wood-mineral materials and fixing them from below and above flexible connections in the form of mounting clamps (the first row is installed on the grab along the entire perimeter of walls and partitions). The concrete mixture is placed in a fixed formwork, the mixture evenly bursts the boards of each row against the stop along flexible connections and fixes the plane of the panels in the design position with the same wall thickness. The fittings are installed before the formwork panels are installed.

The disadvantages of this method is that when pouring concrete, rigid vertical fixation is not provided, since flexible connections when casting will nevertheless give deviations, and other devices are required to maintain strict verticality when pouring; the installation of reinforcement with this method is difficult, as it is carried out in free space without the possibility of normal fixation; the use of wood-mineral materials of external panels of fixed formwork limits the choice or complicates the installation of the selected cladding, and internal - limits the methods and materials for decoration; not a decent, but the whole filling of one floor of a building creates large stresses in the walls and, under certain conditions, significant cracks can appear.

The technical problem to which the claimed invention is directed is to simplify the technology of installing formwork and reinforcement, sharply reduce and simplify formwork equipment, reduce the cost of removable formwork material and in general the construction of walls of houses, buildings and structures, dramatically simplify the formwork of the removable formwork part, expanding the range of possible options for wall cladding and creating unlimited possibilities for interior decoration, providing a choice of options for wall insulation; creation of the opportunity to work in small teams without the use of large construction equipment (except equipment for lifting building materials) while maintaining high construction rates.

This problem is achieved by the fact that in the known method of erecting monolithic walls of buildings and structures in fixed formwork, including the installation of formwork panels with fixing the distance between the boards with flexible clamps at the time of pouring concrete, the feature is that the formwork is combined, installed on the technological horizon at the beginning non-removable external facing panels for mortar in level, made of reinforced concrete with edges of horizontal reinforcement protruding into the wall, or other more small facing elements, then reinforcement with bent edges is placed in the raster, then a flexible insulation is hung with piercing the reinforcement and pressing it to the inside of the facing panel, if this is provided by the project (it is more effective to use insulation from the inside of the building after manufacturing reinforced concrete walls), horizontal reinforcement is laid on the protruding ends of the cladding reinforcement, and the edges of the horizontal wall reinforcement are also bent, a panel of internal interchangeable hollows of the first level from the floor to the grips and, starting from the second on the stops mounted in liquid concrete, the upper edges of the panels are fixed with rigid clamps or hooks, the interdeck space is poured with concrete with the stops placed for the next row of internal formwork panels. Concrete evenly compresses the insulation to the facing panels, fixing the protruding edges of the reinforcement of the facing panels, in the case of using a heater from the inside of the building, the concrete fastens the facing panels to the maximum. Internal movable panels are lubricated by working off before installation, removing all the difficulties of formwork; the most technologically advanced material for movable formwork is slate with a thickness of 10 mm. The nails bent at an angle and installed in concrete with a clamp of the end with a cap to the inner panel (slate) are used as stops. When reinstalling the slate to the next level, the nails are either unbent or replaced with even ones if the concrete is not strong enough to straighten them.

The analysis of the prior art by the applicant, including a search by sources of patent and scientific and technical information, and the identification of sources containing information about analogues of the claimed invention, allowed to establish that the applicant did not find a source characterized by signs that are identical to all the essential features of the claimed invention. The definition from the list of identified analogues of the prototype, as the closest in the totality of the features of the analogue, made it possible to establish a set of significant distinctive features in relation to the applicant’s perceived technical result in the claimed method set forth in the claims. Therefore, the claimed invention meets the condition of "novelty."

To verify the compliance of the claimed invention with the condition "inventive step", the applicant conducted an additional search for known solutions in order to identify signs that match the distinctive features of the prototype of the claimed method. The search results showed that the claimed invention does not follow explicitly from the prior art for the specialist, since the influence of the transformations provided for by the essential features of the claimed invention is not revealed from the prior art determined by the applicant to achieve a technical result. Therefore, the claimed invention meets the condition of "inventive step".

Figure 1 shows a top view of a section of the wall after formwork; figure 2 - installation options for the facing reinforcement, option A - the facing panel is laid out of small facing material, option B - the facing panel is made with mounted or poured fittings into it; Fig 3 - placement of stops when pouring concrete formwork.

The method is as follows:

The material for the house cladding: a) is either selected according to the design from a known one, laid through the raster and then bent around the edges of the reinforcement 1 (Fig. 1), laid in the raster (Fig. 2, option A) at a vertical distance corresponding to the horizontal reinforcement tab 2 walls of the house, also bent around the edges with the aim of a stronger reinforced concrete connection than an overlap; b) either made specifically with the reinforcement tab in the facing panels (figure 2, option B). The practice of manufacturing such plates personally by the author of the invention shows that in artisanal conditions it is possible to produce plates of a sufficiently high quality at a speed of 1 square meter. m / man hour, including operations to bring the equipment to its original state (cleaning, washing). The author’s secret is to make more than 20 liters of concrete by hand in one minute, provided that the components - sand, cement, gravel and water are calibrated at the norm and are nearby, and the operations named last are performed for about 3 minutes on these 20 liters of concrete, without overvoltage, in normal operating mode. Casting of any relief patterns laid under concrete is possible. The horizontal reinforcement 1 of the cladding is bent at the edges at an angle of no more than 90 degrees. and protrudes from the facing material at a distance of no more than the thickness of the wall, and the vertical distance between this reinforcement corresponds to the distance between the horizontal reinforcement 2 laid in the wall.

The facing (external) panel 3 is laid on the drop on the mortar and in height no more than a movable panel 4 is installed, around the entire perimeter of the building. The movable panel is cut in height by 2 cm more than the height of the fixed panel. If the operation of the building in winter conditions provides for the heating of concrete walls, then insulator 5 is hung on the facing panel 3 from the inside through the reinforcement 1, which is subsequently pressed with concrete. If it is planned to build thin walls made of wood from the inside (wood can make up the final interior finishing material), foam concrete or plaster blocks (5-10 cm), drywall, gypsum fiber, etc., then it is advisable to use insulation from the inside after making monolithic walls between concrete and thin wall after antifungal treatment for two reasons: 1) concrete poured close to the facing panel, better fastens the lining, ensuring its longer operation, and in general the outer walls are obtained otnee; 2) the house will be more economical in terms of heat, and the heat capacity of the thin internal walls, partitions and objects contained in the premises is sufficient to retain heat during ventilation. Then, on the protruding edges of the facing reinforcement 1, a horizontal reinforcement of 2 walls is laid with the ends bent to grip them in order to resist tensile loads and more stable concrete behavior at temperature extremes, since concrete and iron have different expansion coefficients (better than overlapping ends fittings). In the corners, it is desirable to let the reinforcement pass with a bend, without breaking, as shown in Fig. 1. It is convenient to bend the reinforcement with two iron (half-inch water pipes) 30-50 cm long tubes with longitudinal slots for reinforcing reinforcement. After the reinforcement 2, mobile panels 4 are installed. The first row is on the gripper, instead of which nails can be used inserted into the holes drilled in the ceiling in order to stop the concrete against moving the bottom of the mobile panel 4.

Experience has shown that it is advisable to use slate 8-12 mm thick as movable panels, cut in height by 2 cm more than the laying height of the facing panel at the same level, but from 30 to 70 cm, so that it can withstand the bursting of concrete during pouring and does not deform. The slate is cut to the entire perimeter of the walls and partitions and lubricated by working out before installation. Lubrication by mining through at least one reinstallation allows you to use slate hundreds of times and not on one building. On top, the inner panels 4 are fixed relative to the facing panels 3 with rigid clamps 6, which allows you to strictly maintain the thickness of the walls when pouring concrete. As the clamps 6 can be used, for example, plywood plates with slots along the thickness of the facing material and the movable panel. In the slots, only the outer dimension must be strictly observed, where the slate and lining abut when the concrete is bursting. In the process of pouring concrete, until it has hardened, curved nails are inserted into it with a clamp to the upper edge of the slate 4 of the even part from the side of the hat 7. The nails are bent at a distance of 2-2.5 cm from the head at an angle of 120-150 degrees. After removing the movable panels, the nails are straightened or replaced with flat ones, if the concrete is not strong enough, and serve as an emphasis on the bottom of the mobile formwork when it is reinstalled to the next level; vacated curved nails are used further. On the partitions, the mobile formwork is used on both sides of the wall and is reinstalled in the same way as on the external walls, on the stops (nails inserted into concrete), the distance between the panels of the mobile formwork is also fixed with rigid clamps, the verticality is defined by the wedging between the reinforcement, and the horizontal reinforcement is knitted on short vertical, inserted into the fresh concrete of the previous row.

Using this method, one person in the normal operating mode (author’s experience) is able to build 20-25 square meters of external walls and partitions in 5-7 working days for 7-8 hours, provided that there are facing plates, and the thickness of the poured (manually) concrete is 15 cm (this is a house 10mh10m with one partition to raise 40-50 cm). The use of concrete pumps with concrete mixers, the work of a small team can improve this indicator by 2 times. It is most effective to work as a group of 3 people with coverage of about 100 linear meters of walls, while only the facing material stacker should be highly qualified, the rest of the operations are simple to the limit. In this case, continuous pouring of concrete along the entire perimeter of the walls is guaranteed.

Compared with the known solution, this method of erecting monolithic walls of residential buildings, buildings and structures in combined formwork has several advantages, namely, the simultaneous erection of the building cladding, the simplicity of installing removable internal formwork panels allows you to reduce and reduce the cost of the building process, while using a simple ( primitive) equipment allows you to build even multi-story buildings in remote places without the use of cranes, where the acquisition or manufacture of equipment for construction is difficult (except for cement, reinforcement, crushed stone and sand), while the quality and pace of construction are not inferior to construction by known methods. Even the cladding of buildings can be made on site from the listed materials and not inferior in quality to the factory. The ends of the reinforcement protruding from the cladding greatly simplify the process of laying horizontal wall reinforcement, fasten the cladding and increase the overall strength of the walls. The installation of external and then internal formwork panels separately also facilitates the installation of horizontal reinforcement. It is known from construction that it is horizontal reinforcement that protects walls from cracks and the use of vertical reinforcement is not necessary. Therefore, in contrast to the known method, where the use of reinforcing mesh is provided, the proposed solution allows more efficient use of reinforcement, which reduces the cost of walls. The installation on the mortar at the beginning of the external cladding panels and the use of rigid clamps (hooks) allows you to withstand strict verticals and wall thickness. The method is widely available due to the simplicity of each stage and equipment.

Claims (1)

A method of erecting monolithic walls of residential buildings, buildings and structures in a combined formwork, including the installation of formwork panels with fixing the distance between the clamps of the clamps at the time of pouring concrete, characterized in that the external horizontal fixed panels are first installed on the technological horizon to the mortar, made of reinforced concrete with edges of horizontal reinforcement protruding into the wall, or from other smaller facing elements in which reinforcement with curved edges are placed in a raster I wait for the elements, then they attach a flexible insulation with piercing it through the protruding reinforcement and pressing it to the inside of the cladding panel, or install insulation from the inside of the building after the manufacture of monolithic reinforced concrete walls, then lay the horizontal reinforcement on the protruding ends of the reinforcement of the facing panels, and the edges of the horizontal wall reinforcement bend, then install the panels of the internal removable formwork of the first level from the floor to the grips and starting from the second level - to the mounted stops in liquid concrete, the upper edge of the inner formwork is fixed with rigid clamps or hooks relative to the facing panel, the interdeck space is placed with concrete with the stops for the next row of inner formwork panels, the concrete uniformly compresses the insulation to the facing panels, fixing the protruding edges of the reinforcement of the facing panels, and in the case of installing insulation from the inside of the building, the concrete fastens the facing panels as much as possible, the internal resettable panels lubricate the waste before installation of machine oil, slate thickness of 8-12 mm is chosen as the material of the shuttering formwork, the slate is cut 2 cm higher in height than the height of the outer fixed formwork, providing an overlap with the lower concrete when reinstalling it upwards, nails bent on a distance of 2-2.5 cm from the cap at an angle of 120-150 ° and installed in concrete with a clamping end with a cap to the inner panel (slate), when reinstalling the slate to the next level, the nails are either unbent or replaced with even ones if the concrete is not strong enough for their straightening, and the slate is lubricated with the development of engine oil through at least one reinstallation.

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