TWI851481B - Architecture unit - Google Patents

Abstract

The instant disclosure provides an architecture unit, which includes: a beam body, a number of stirrups, a precasted balcony board, and a number of decoration members. The beam body includes a fully precasted section and a sem-precasted section, wherein an upper surface of the fully precasted section is higher than an upper surface of the sem-precasted section. The stirrups are arranged in the beam body at intervals along a length direction of the beam body. Each stirrup is substantially U-shaped and includes two hooks at its two ends. The hooks of the stirrups embeded in the semi-precasted section protrude from the upper surface of the semi-precasted section. The precasted balcony board is substantially parallel to the semi-precasted section along the length direction and is arranged on an outerside of the upper surface of the semi-precasted section. The decorative parts are at least disposed on the upper surface and an outer surface of the fully precasted section, an outer surface of the semi-precasted section that is adjacent to the upper surface thereof, and an outer surface of the balcony panel.

Description

Building unit

The present disclosure provides a building unit, in particular a building unit comprising a beam body and a balcony slab manufactured in a precast manner.

According to the traditional on-site poured reinforced concrete (RC) building construction method, the internal floor tiles and external ceramic tiles are laid after the structural parts of the beams, columns and floors are completed. According to the current building regulations, scaffolding must be set up when performing exterior wall renovation work to maintain the safety of workers and prevent construction materials from falling and causing injuries to people below. However, the erection of scaffolding will extend the construction period and increase construction costs. In addition, before laying the exterior tiles of the building, the beams and/or columns on the exterior of the building and the surface of the exterior wall may not be flat, which increases the difficulty of laying the exterior tiles of the building. On the other hand, in the above-mentioned traditional buildings, when constructing the balcony extending outward, it is necessary to set up additional formwork on the outside of the beam body to facilitate pouring concrete and forming the balcony. The assembly and removal of these formworks will extend the construction period and increase the construction cost. In addition, the above-mentioned tradition also has the problems of protection and cleaning derived from the mud flowing down from the joints of the formwork.

In view of this, when the surface of the outer wall of the beam and/or balcony structure is not flat and the strength of the building structure is not affected, it is desired in the industry to provide a building unit including pre-laying tiles on the outside to reduce the construction of scaffolding when laying the tiles on the outside of the building.

To solve the problems faced by the above-mentioned prior art, an embodiment of the present invention provides a building unit, which includes: a beam body, a plurality of stirrups, a precast balcony board, and a plurality of decorative parts. A beam body extends along a length direction and includes: a full precast section, having a first upper surface and a first outer surface adjacent to the first upper surface; and a half precast section, which connects the full precast section in the length direction and has a second upper surface and a second outer surface adjacent to the second upper surface, wherein the first upper surface is higher than the second upper surface. A plurality of stirrups are arranged in the beam body at intervals along the length direction, each of the plurality of stirrups is generally U-shaped and includes two bends at its ends, wherein the bends of the plurality of stirrups at the portion where the plurality of stirrups are arranged relative to the semi-precast section extend out of the second upper surface. The precast balcony plate is generally parallel to the semi-precast section along the length direction and is arranged on an outer side of the second upper surface of the semi-precast section. A plurality of decorative parts are at least arranged on the first upper surface of the full precast section, the first outer surface of the full precast section, the second outer surface of the semi-precast section, and an outer surface of the precast balcony plate.

Compared with the prior art, the beam structure and building system of the above-mentioned embodiments of the present invention have the advantages of excellent structural quality, safe and rapid construction, and economical and reasonable construction cost.

In order to better understand the features, contents and advantages of this invention and the effects it can achieve, this invention is described in detail as follows with accompanying drawings and in the form of embodiments. The drawings used therein are only for illustration and auxiliary description. Therefore, the proportions and configurations of the attached drawings should not be interpreted to limit the scope of the patent application of this invention.

The terms "a" or "an" herein are used to describe the elements and components of the present invention. This term is only for the convenience of description and to give the basic concept of the present invention. This description should be understood to include one or at least one, and unless otherwise clearly indicated, the singular also includes the plural. When used with the word "including" in the scope of the patent application, the term "a" can mean one or more than one. In addition, the term "or" herein means the same as "and/or".

Unless otherwise specified, spatial descriptions such as "above", "below", "upward", "left", "right", "downward", "body", "base", "vertical", "horizontal", "side", "higher", "lower", "upper", "above", "below" and the like are indicated with respect to the directions shown in the figures. It should be understood that the spatial descriptions used herein are for illustrative purposes only, and the actual implementation of the structures described herein can be spatially arranged in any relative direction, and this limitation does not change the advantages of the disclosed embodiments. For example, in the description of some embodiments, providing an element “on” another element may cover the situation where the former element is directly on the latter element (e.g., physically in contact with the latter element) and the situation where one or more intervening elements are located between the former element and the latter element.

As used herein, the terms "substantially," "substantial," "substantial," and "approximately" are used to describe and take into account minor variations. When used in conjunction with an event or circumstance, the plural terms may refer to both the situation where the event or circumstance definitely occurred and the situation where the event or circumstance closely approximates to occurring.

In the following contents of this disclosure, the names of components including "precast" (e.g., full precast sections, semi-precast sections, precast balcony slabs, etc.) correspond to building structures manufactured using the "precast method", which is to construct steel structures such as steel cages, build templates and pour concrete in a precast factory or around the construction site with standardized operation processes and modular molds, and quickly mass-produce high-precision and high-quality uniformity columns, beams, plates, etc. The structural components are then assembled on site through precise transportation management and assembly operations. On the other hand, the names of components including "cast on site" (e.g., cast on site internal beam structure, etc.) correspond to structures that use traditional "cast on site construction methods", which are completed by constructing a steel structure, building a formwork, and pouring concrete on site. In addition, the "exterior" referred to in this disclosure refers to the location closer to the exterior of the building after the building is completed; and the "interior" refers to the location closer to the interior of the building after the building is completed.

FIG. 1 shows a schematic diagram of a building unit 1 in an embodiment of the present disclosure. The building unit 1 includes a beam body 2, a precast balcony slab 3, a plurality of decorative parts 4, a partition 6, a plurality of precast column structures 11, two large beams 12 and an internal small beam 13. The two ends of the beam body 2 are respectively connected to the two precast column structures 11. The two large beams 12 are connected to the two precast column structures 11, and the internal small beam 13 is connected to the middle section of the beam body 2 and extends toward the inside of the building unit 1. The surface of the beam body 2 opposite to the internal small beam 13 may include a snap-in groove (not shown in FIG. 1) for engagement with a snap-in structure 131 (dashed line) on the internal small beam 13.

As shown in FIG. 2 , the beam body 2 is a rectangular columnar structure, and has two end faces 201 and 202 at both ends of the length direction L. In one embodiment, the beam body 2 has sections in the length direction L that are made by different precasting methods. For example, the beam body 2 includes a full precast section 21 and a half precast section 22 connected to the full precast section in the length direction L, wherein the full precast section 21 is adjacent to the end face 201, and the half precast section 22 is adjacent to the end face 202. In the present disclosure, the terms "half precast" and "full precast" are both used to refer to the corresponding section of the beam body being made by precasting as a whole. However, since the upper part of the semi-cast section 22 needs to be joined with the floor slab 14 (refer to FIG. 4 ) in the later stage, compared with the fully-cast section 21, the upper surface of the semi-cast section 22 and the bent hooks of the stirrups contained therein are exposed to the outside to be joined with the steel bars and concrete of the floor slab 14. For the purpose of explanation, these two sections are respectively referred to as the fully-cast section 21 and the semi-cast section 22.

As shown in FIGS. 2 and 3 , the fully precast section 21 has a first upper surface 211, a first outer surface 212, a first lower surface 213, and a first inner surface 214. The upper and lower parts of the first outer surface 212 are adjacent to the outer sides of the first upper surface 211 and the first lower surface 213, respectively, and the upper and lower parts of the first inner surface 214 are adjacent to the inner sides of the first upper surface 211 and the first lower surface 213, respectively. In an exemplary embodiment, the first upper surface 211 of the fully precast section 21 is inclined toward an outer side OS to facilitate water flow guidance. In addition, the fully precast section 21 includes a protruding structure 215 extending along the length direction L and protruding upward from an inner side IS of the first upper surface 211. As shown in FIG3 , the protruding structure 215 is configured to connect the fully precast section 21 to a wall panel 15. The connection method of the fully precast section 21 and the wall panel 15 will be further described later. On the other hand, as shown in FIG3 , the first inner surface 214 of the fully precast section 21 has steel bars extending outward for the floor plate to be attached.

On the other hand, as shown in FIGS. 2 and 4 , the semi-precast section 22 has a second upper surface 221, a second outer surface 222, a second lower surface 223, and a second inner surface 224. The second outer surface 222 is adjacent to the outer sides of the second upper surface 221 and the second lower surface 223, and the second inner surface 224 is adjacent to the inner sides of the second upper surface 221 and the second lower surface 223. As shown in FIG. 2 , the first upper surface 211 of the fully precast section 21 is higher than the second upper surface 221 of the semi-precast section 22. When the building system is completed, the second upper surface 221 is covered by the floor 14 and combined with the floor 14.

In one embodiment, as shown in FIGS. 2 and 4 , a plurality of stirrups 8 are arranged in the beam body 2 at intervals along the length direction L, wherein each of the plurality of stirrups is substantially U-shaped and includes two hooks 81 at two ends above the stirrups. The hooks 81 of the plurality of stirrups 8 arranged relative to the semi-precast section 22 extend from the second upper surface 221 of the semi-precast section 22 to be fixedly connected to the floor plate 14.

As shown in FIG1 , the precast balcony panel 3 is configured to form the outer edge of a balcony of the building unit 1. In one embodiment, the precast balcony panel 3 extends approximately parallel to the semi-precast section 22 along the length direction L, and is disposed on the outer side OS of the second upper surface 221 of the semi-precast section. As shown in FIG4 , the precast balcony panel 3 includes a horizontal extension section 31 and a vertical extension section 32. The horizontal extension section 31 has an inner end 311 and an outer end 312 opposite to the inner end 311, wherein the inner end 311 is disposed on the outer side OS of the second upper surface 221 of the semi-precast section 22. The vertical extension section 32 is vertically connected to one end of the outer side OS of the horizontal extension section 31 and extends upward. In an exemplary embodiment, a railing 34 located outside the balcony area is fixedly connected to the top of the vertical extension section 32 to protect the safety of personnel.

In one embodiment, the method of joining the precast balconies 3 and the beam body 2 includes the following steps: first, before the precast balconies 3 are arranged on the beam body 2, a support frame 25 is assembled on the second outer surface 222 of the semi-precast section 22 of the beam body 2. In one embodiment, the second outer surface 222 of the semi-precast section 22 includes a plurality of locking positioning holes 23, which are configured to lock the support frame 25 through a plurality of fixing members 24. The support frame 25 can be a triangular support. After the installation of the support frame 25 is completed, the pre-cast balcony plate 3 is set above the second upper surface 221 of the beam body 2, wherein the area adjacent to the inner end 311 on the outer surface 314 of the horizontal extension section 31 of the pre-cast balcony plate 3 is in contact with the second upper surface 221 of the beam body 2, and the remaining area of the outer surface 314 is against the support frame 25. After the precast balcony slab 3 is positioned, the floor 14 is laid on the second upper surface 221 of the beam body 2, wherein the floor 14 is fixed to the precast balcony slab 3 through a plurality of steel bars 33 extending from the inner side end 311 of the horizontal extension section 31 of the precast balcony slab 3, and is fixed to the beam body 2 through the bent hook 81 of the stirrup 8 extending from the second upper surface 221 of the beam body 2. After the floor 14 is laid, an upper surface 141 of the floor 14 is flush with an upper surface 313 of the horizontal extension section 31. Subsequently, the support frame 25 is removed from the beam body 2 after the concrete of the floor 14 is solidified, and is not retained on the building unit. After the support frame 25 is removed, most of the outer surface 314 of the horizontal extension section 31 of the pre-cast balcony panel 3 is suspended outside the beam body 2 (i.e., exposed outside the building unit 1).

The plurality of decorative elements 4 are disposed on the surface of the beam body 2 exposed to the outside of the building unit 1 to decorate the appearance of the building unit 1. In one embodiment, the plurality of decorative elements 4 are disposed at least on the first upper surface 211 of the full precast section 21, the first outer surface 212 of the full precast section 21, the second outer surface 222 of the semi-precast section 22, and the outer surface 314 of the horizontal extension section 31 and one outer surface 315 of the vertical extension section 32 of the precast balcony slab 3. In some embodiments, as shown in FIGS. 3 and 4 , the first lower surface 213 of the full precast section 21, the second lower surface 223 of the semi-precast section 22, and the second inner surface 224 of the semi-precast section 22 are also covered by the decorative elements 4. The decorative element 4 can be a ceramic tile, a quartz tile, other stone materials or decorative elements of other materials.

FIG5 shows a schematic diagram of a partition plate 6 and a wall panel 15 in one embodiment of the present disclosure. In one embodiment, the partition plate 6 is L-shaped and includes a first partition segment 61 and a second partition segment 62. The second partition segment 62 is vertically connected to one end of the first partition segment 61. Referring to FIG1, in one embodiment, the partition plate 6 is configured to define a portion of the boundary of the balcony area 19, wherein the first partition segment 61 separates the first upper surface 211 of the full precast section 21 and the second upper surface 221 of the semi-precast section 22, and the second partition segment 62 is vertically connected to the inner end of the first partition segment 61. The second partition segment 62 can be disposed on the inner side IS of the second upper surface 221 of the semi-precast section 22, and one end thereof away from the first partition segment 61 includes a flange 63. The flange 63 is configured to couple with a door frame 65. In addition, one end of the first partition 61 away from the second partition 62 includes a groove 64, and a positioning surface 641 is defined below the groove 64. The positioning surface 641 can be used to set an aluminum grille iron (not shown in the figure) for shaping.

Referring to FIG. 3 , the wall panel 15 is vertically disposed on the inner side of the first upper surface 211 of the fully precast section 21. In one embodiment, the outer shape of a lower surface 151 of the wall panel 15 complements the outer shape of the protruding structure 215 located on the first upper surface 211 of the fully precast section 21, so as to facilitate the positioning of the wall panel 15. In addition, a locking component 16 extends from the protruding structure 215 of the fully precast section 21. The wall panel 15 includes a groove 152 adjacent to the lower surface 151 of the wall panel 15, and a connecting structure 153 can be disposed in the groove 152. By engaging the locking component 16 with the connecting structure 153, the wall panel 15 can be fixed on the first upper surface 211 of the fully precast section 21.

Referring to FIG. 6 , in one embodiment, a plurality of positioning steel bars 17 are embedded in the fully precast section 21 and extend upward from the first upper surface 211 of the fully precast section 21. In addition, a plurality of positioning holes 155 are provided on the lower surface 151 of the wall panel 15 relative to the plurality of positioning steel bars 17. The plurality of positioning steel bars 17 and the plurality of positioning holes 155 are both extended along the length direction L (see FIG. 1 ) of the fully precast section 21 and correspond to each other. When the wall panel 15 is provided above the fully precast section 21, the plurality of positioning steel bars 17 are respectively inserted into the plurality of positioning holes 155. A mortar material 18 is filled into the positioning holes 155 through a tool, thereby fixing the positioning steel bars 17 in the positioning holes 155. However, the embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto. In other embodiments, the positioning steel bars may also extend from the lower surface 151 of the wall plate 15, and the positioning holes are formed on the first upper surface 211 of the fully pre-cast section 21.

Referring to FIG. 7 , in one embodiment, a plurality of sealing members are included between the wall panel 15 and the partition panel 6 to seal a gap G formed between the wall panel 15 and the partition panel 6. For example, a foam rod 71, two adhesive strips 72, and a sealing adhesive 73 may be included between the wall panel 15 and the partition panel 6. The foam rod 71 is attached between the side surface 154 of the wall panel 15 and the side surface 611 of the partition panel 6. The two adhesive strips 72 are formed on the side surface 154 of the wall panel 15 and the side surface 611 of the partition panel 6, respectively, and are attached to each other. The sealing adhesive 73 is formed on the outer side of the foam rod 71. By providing the foam rod 71, the rubber strip 72, and the sealant 73, moisture is prevented from entering the interior of the building through the gap G.

The disclosed embodiment provides a building unit including a beam body and a balcony board. Since the outer surfaces of the beam body and the balcony board are fixed with decorative parts, the building unit does not need to attach additional decorative parts on its outer surface, thereby further reducing the manpower and time required for construction and further reducing the construction cost.

The embodiments described above are only for illustrating the technical ideas and features of the present invention, and their purpose is to enable people familiar with this art to understand the content of the present invention and implement it accordingly. They cannot be used to limit the patent scope of the present invention. Equivalent changes or modifications made according to the spirit revealed by the present invention should still be covered by the patent scope of the present invention.

1: Building unit

2: Beam body

3: Pre-cast balcony panels

4:Decoration

6: Separator

8: Stirrups

11: Pre-cast column structure

12: Beam

13: Internal trabeculae

14: Floor

15:Wall Panel

16: Locking assembly

17: Positioning steel bars

18:Mortar material

19: Balcony area

21: Fully pre-cast section

22: Semi-precast section

23: Locking positioning hole

24:Fixer

25: Support frame

26: Main tendon

31: Horizontal extension section

32: Vertical extension section

33: Steel bars

34: Railing

61: First partition

62: Second partition

63: flange

64: Groove

65: Door frame

71: Foam stick

72: Adhesive Strip

73: Sealant

81: Bend Hook

131: Card connection structure

141: Upper surface

151: Lower surface

152: Groove

153: Connection structure

154: Side surface

155: Positioning hole

201: End face

202: End face

211: first upper surface

212: first outer surface

213: first lower surface

214: first inner surface

215: Prominent structure

221: Second upper surface

222: Second outer surface

223: Second lower surface

224: Second inner surface

311: medial end

312: Outer end

313: Upper surface

314: Outer surface

315: Outer surface

611: Side surface

641: Positioning surface

G: Gap

IS:Inside

L: Length direction

OS: External

The drawings described below are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure in any way.

FIG. 1 shows a schematic top view of a building unit in one embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 2 shows a three-dimensional schematic diagram of a building unit in an embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG3 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the line segment A-A in FIG2.

FIG4 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the line segment B-B in FIG2.

FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram showing a partition plate and a wall plate in one embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG6 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the joint between the beam body and the wall panel.

FIG7 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the line segment C-C in FIG5.

2: Beam body

3: Pre-cast balcony panels

4:Decoration

21: Fully pre-cast section

22: Semi-precast section

26: Main tendon

31: Horizontal extension section

32: Vertical extension section

81: Bend hook

201: End face

202: End face

211: First upper surface

212: First outer surface

215: Protruding structure

221: Second upper surface

222: Second outer surface

IS:Inside

L: Length direction

OS: External side

Claims (10)

A building unit comprises: a beam body extending in a length direction and comprising: a fully precast section having a first upper surface and a first outer surface adjacent to the first upper surface; and a half precast section connected to the fully precast section in the length direction and having a second upper surface and a second outer surface adjacent to the second upper surface, wherein the first upper surface is higher than the second upper surface; a plurality of stirrups arranged in the beam body at intervals along the length direction, each of the plurality of stirrups being substantially U-shaped and comprising Containing two hooks at its ends, wherein the hook portions of the plurality of stirrups of the portion where the plurality of stirrups are arranged relative to the semi-precast section extend out of the second upper surface; a precast balcony plate, which is approximately parallel to the semi-precast section along the length direction and is arranged on an outer side of the second upper surface of the semi-precast section; and a plurality of decorative parts, which are arranged at least on the first upper surface of the full precast section, the first outer surface of the full precast section, the second outer surface of the semi-precast section, and an outer surface of the precast balcony plate. A building unit as described in claim 1, wherein the first upper surface of the fully precast section is inclined toward its outer side, and the fully precast section includes a protruding structure extending along the length direction and protruding upward from an inner side of the first upper surface. The building unit as described in claim 1 further includes: a partition plate vertically erected on the beam body and located at the junction of the fully precast section and the semi-precast section. The building unit as described in claim 3, wherein the precast balcony panel comprises: a horizontal extension section having an inner end and an outer end opposite to the inner end, the inner end being disposed on the outer side of the second upper surface; and a vertical extension section vertically connected to the outer end of the horizontal extension section and extending upward for fixing a railing; and a plurality of steel bars extending from the inner end of the horizontal extension section, wherein portions of the plurality of decorative parts are disposed on an outer surface of the horizontal extension section and an outer surface of the vertical extension section. The building unit as described in claim 4 further includes a floor, which is located on the inner side of the horizontal extension section and covers the plurality of steel bars, and an upper surface of the floor is flush with an upper surface of the horizontal extension section. A building unit as described in claim 5, wherein the second outer surface includes at least one locking positioning hole, which is configured to be locked to a support frame that temporarily supports the precast balcony panel before the grouting work of the floor is completed. A building unit as described in claim 3, wherein the partition plate comprises: a first partition section, separating the first upper surface of the fully precast section and the second upper surface of the semi-precast section; and a second partition section, vertically connected to one end of the first partition section, the second partition section being disposed on an inner side of the second outer surface of the semi-precast section, wherein the second partition section includes a flange away from one end of the first partition section, the flange being configured to couple with a door frame. The building unit as described in claim 7 further includes a wall panel standing vertically on an inner side of the first upper surface of the fully precast section along the length direction. The building unit as described in claim 8 further includes: a plurality of positioning steel bars embedded in one of the wall plate or the beam body along the length direction and extending outward from the wall plate or the beam body; a plurality of positioning holes provided in the other of the wall plate or the beam body relative to the plurality of positioning steel bars, the plurality of positioning steel bars being inserted into the plurality of positioning holes; and a mortar material filled in the plurality of positioning holes. A building unit as described in claim 8, wherein the wall panel is disposed adjacent to the partition panel, and the building unit further comprises a rubber strip or a foam stick disposed between the wall panel and the first partition section of the partition panel, wherein a free end of the first partition section is configured to cooperate with a vertical extension section of the precast balcony panel.