RU2372004C1 - Device for loose goods washing - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: food industry.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to devices for loose goods washing including tuberous roots, vegetables, details, building materials and can be used in food, sugar, preservation, alcohol, building and other sectors of national economy. The device contains loading and unloading tray, container with liquid and a drive roll set in it. On perimetre the drive roll is made of sequentially connected perforated plates. The roll is either concaved, buckled or undulated. The plates have variable width. They are ribbed in twist-and-steer direction. Perforated edges are formed and plates have cuts with splayed walls. Plates are rolled in vertical plane in axial direction concerning its axis of symmetry; they are bent along helical lines in broadside directions and bent along the cuts with splayed walls in twist-and-steer direction disposed in pairs at an angle one to the other from both plates with broken helical lines and broken variable-pitched helical surfaces on roll's perimetre.

EFFECT: invention allows to increase quality of loose goods washing.

17 dwg

Description

The invention relates to equipment for washing bulk materials, including root crops, vegetables, parts, building materials, and can be used in food, sugar, alcohol, canning, construction and other sectors of the economy.

A known machine for washing root crops (RF patent No. 2252562, class A23N 12/02, publ. Bulletin No. 13, 05/10/2005) containing loading and unloading trays, a bath with liquid and a drive drum installed in it made of guide elements in the form of perforated trapezoidal strips twisted along a helical line in the longitudinal direction and curved along a helical line on a conical mandrel in the transverse direction, with an increase in their width along the length of the drum from loading to unloading.

The disadvantages of the known machine are the insufficient intensity and quality of washing, limited technological capabilities due to the fact that the washing of bulk materials is carried out with insufficient intensity of mixing and reorientation of particles of bulk materials.

Closest to the proposed invention is a machine for washing loose objects (RF patent No. 2305471, class A23N 12/02, publ. Bull. No. 25, 09/10/2007), containing loading and unloading trays, a bath with liquid and a drive installed in it a drum made around the perimeter from sequentially interconnected along the length of the perforated strips.

A disadvantage of the known machine is the insufficient intensity and quality of washing, limited technological capabilities due to the fact that the washing of bulk materials is carried out with insufficient intensity of mixing and reorientation of particles of bulk materials.

The technical solution to the problem is to increase the intensity and quality of washing, expand technological capabilities due to the sequential gradual compaction and rarefaction of flows of bulk materials, increasing the range of changes of displacement vectors and reorienting particles of bulk materials, which also intensifies their mixing.

The problem is achieved in that in a machine for washing bulk materials containing loading and unloading trays, a bath with liquid and a drive drum installed therein, made around the perimeter of perforated strips connected in series along each other along the length, according to the invention, the drum is made concave or convex , or wavy shape, and the stripes, its components, have a variable width, are made ribbed in the longitudinal-transverse direction with the formation of alternating perforated faces, and they also have cuts with beveled walls, while the strips are folded in a vertical plane in the longitudinal direction relative to their own axis of symmetry, bent along helical lines in the transverse direction and bent along cuts with beveled walls in the transverse-longitudinal direction, arranged in pairs at an angle to one another both sides of the strips with the formation along the perimeter of the drum directed towards each other broken helical lines and broken helical surfaces with variable pitch.

According to the patent literature not found a technical solution similar to the claimed, which allows to judge about the inventive step of the proposed design of the machine for washing bulk materials.

The novelty of the invention lies in the fact that the drum along the entire length has a variable not only transverse, but also longitudinal section, which intensifies the process of mixing and washing bulk materials.

The novelty of the invention lies in the fact that such a structural design of the drum allows not only to provide the possibility of sequential gradual compaction and discharge of flows of bulk materials, as well as water flows as bulk materials move from loading to unloading, but also to increase the efficiency of washing and mixing particles of bulk materials .

The novelty is also seen in the fact that the cross-sectional and longitudinal cross-sectional areas of the drum change over the entire length of the drum many times from loading to unloading, which changes the speeds and trajectories of the movement of particles of bulk materials, expands the technological capabilities of the washing machine, and improves the quality of washing.

The novelty also lies in the fact that along the perimeter of the drum there are formed broken helical surfaces facing each other with a variable width of a concave, convex curvilinear shape along the length of the drum, which violates the stationary flow of not only particles of bulk materials, but also water flows inside the drum.

The novelty also lies in the fact that along the perimeter of the drum there are formed perforated faces directed towards not only each other at an angle, but also to the axis of rotation of the drum, which violates the stationary state of the flows of not only particles of bulk materials, but also water flows inside the drum, while the water velocity and its pressure at each point of the flow randomly pulsate, and water particles make unsteady random movements along complex paths, namely, a turbulent flow.

The novelty lies in the fact that along the perimeter of the drum formed broken helical lines directed towards each other.

The novelty is also due to the fact that the pitch of the helix along the perimeter varies along the length of the drum from loading to unloading, which intensifies the process of mixing and washing.

The novelty is that the twisting of each perforated strip along the cuts with beveled walls in the transverse-longitudinal direction, arranged in pairs at an angle to one another on both sides of the strips, provides additional surface curvature around the perimeter of the drum, thereby increasing the difference between the angles of inclination of the displacement vectors particles of bulk materials in neighboring sections of the drum, so the particles move along complex paths, increasing the number of collisions with each other and with perforated with the walls of the drum, which intensifies the process of not only mixing, but also washing.

The novelty is also due to the fact that the perforated strips have a curvilinear convex, concave, wavy shape of variable width and are ribbed in the transverse direction with the formation of alternating perforated faces around the drum perimeter, which ensures gradual discharge and densification of particle flows and intensifies the mixing and washing process.

The invention is illustrated in Fig.1-17, where Fig.1 schematically shows a machine for washing loose objects, a longitudinal section; figure 2 is a section aa in figure 1; figure 3 is a section bB in figure 1; figure 4 is a concave drum, front view; figure 5 is a view a in figure 4; Fig.6 is a convex-shaped drum, front view; Fig.7 view B in Fig.6.

The machine for washing bulk materials (Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3) consists of a washing bath 1, on which a tray 2 for loading particles of bulk materials is mounted, roller bearings 3 and 4, on which a drum 5 is mounted, an electromagnetic valve 6 for water supply (Fig. 3), an alarm control system 7 for adjusting the water level (Fig. 3), an unloading tray 9 for unloading particles of bulk materials that have been washed. The drum 5 is equipped with a drive sprocket 9. At the bottom of the bath 1 there are hoppers 10 for collecting dirt and sand, to which are attached single-turn mechanisms 11 for draining water, drain pipes 12. For manual opening of the shutters 13 (figure 2, figure 3), if necessary, drain water from the baths 1, single-turn mechanisms 11 are equipped with steering wheels 14. The drum 5 is equipped with support rings 15, 16 mounted for rotation on roller bearings 3 and 4. Continuous rotation of the drum 5 is carried out from the gear motor 17 through a chain gear 18 and a drive sprocket 9. For smart sheniya water consumption and improve the quality of washing in the drum water level is regulated by a control system 7 signaling and updated depending on the degree of pollution in the automatic mode.

The drum 5 can be made concave in shape (Fig. 4, Fig. 5), convex in shape (Fig. 6, Fig. 7) or in a wave-like shape (not shown).

The concave-shaped drum 5 (Fig. 4, Fig. 5) is made of variable-width strips 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24 (Fig. 8) with notches (Fig. 9), the strips are folded in a vertical plane in the longitudinal direction relative to the axis of symmetry of the strip (Fig. 10), bent along helical lines in the transverse direction and bent (Fig. 11, Fig. 12) along cuts with beveled walls (Fig. 9) in the transverse-longitudinal direction, arranged in pairs at an angle of one to the other on both sides of the strips (Fig. 8).

Since the strips 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24 have a variable width (Fig. 8), the drum 5 (Fig. 4, Fig. 5) has a variable longitudinal section and a variable passage cross section along the length of the drum 5. In addition Moreover, the strips 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24 are ribbed in the longitudinal-transverse direction, forming in FIG. 4 alternating perforated faces, for example, 25, 26, 27, 28 for the strip 19. In addition, every two adjacent perforated faces, for example 25 and 26, 26 and 27, 27 and 28, etc., located at an obtuse angle to one another, on the outer and inner sides of the strips intersect each other with about the formation of helical lines of the main direction, for example 29-30-31-32-33-34-35-36-37, on the outer surface and helical grooves on the inner surface of the drum 5. In figure 4, figure 5 one of the helical lines of the main direction 29-30-31-32-33-34-35-36-37 is shown by the thickened line. On the outer surface of the drum 5, helical grooves and helical lines of the opposite direction are also formed, for example 38-39-40-41-42-32-43-44-45 (in Fig. 4, Fig. 5), shown by a thickened line. The helical lines along the outer surface of the drum 5 have the same position designations with their corresponding grooves on the inner surface, and the helical grooves and helical lines of the drums 5 can have a different number of approaches and different steps.

On the strips 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, before cutting, cuts 46, 47 are made with beveled walls arranged in pairs at an angle to one another, such as, for example, in Fig. 8, Fig. 9 by milling, pressure processing and etc. The geometry and magnitude of the angles Ψ, α, β, ω, λ, φ of the bevels of the notches and their relative positions correspond to the number of approaches and the step sizes of helical lines of the opposite direction. The notches 46, 47 create (Fig. 8, Fig. 9) alternately from opposite sides of each strip 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24. Then, relative to the longitudinal axis, each of the stripes 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24 twist in a vertical plane relative to the longitudinal axis of the strip. Figure 10 shows one of the strips twisted in a vertical plane along its longitudinal axis, with lateral edges 48 and 49 located along helical lines along the longitudinal axis. A strip, for example 19, previously twisted in a vertical plane relative to the longitudinal axis, is placed on the mandrel 50 ( 11, FIG. 12) and bend so that the edges 48 and 49 are placed along helical lines and in the transverse direction. After bending in the cross section, each strip is rotated relative to the longitudinal axis of the drum 5 so that its edges form a helical line in the transverse direction of the strip with the same pitch for all strips. After that, the strip 19 is deformed and removed from the mandrel 50 or fixed on the mandrel 50. The remaining strips, for example, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, are processed in a similar manner. Further, all the deformed strips are thus placed on the mandrel 50, combined and connected by known methods, such as welding.

The convex-shaped drum 5 (FIG. 6, FIG. 7) is made of strips 51, 52, 53, 54, 56, 57 of variable width (FIG. 13) with notches (FIG. 14) folded in a vertical plane in the longitudinal direction relative to its own the axis of symmetry of the strip (Fig. 15), bent along helical lines in the transverse direction and bent (Fig. 16, Fig. 17) along notches, with beveled walls in the transverse-longitudinal direction, arranged in pairs at an angle to one another, on both sides stripes.

Since the strips 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56 have a variable width (Fig. 13), the drum 5 (Fig. 6, Fig. 7) has a variable longitudinal section and a variable passage cross section along the length of the drum 5. In addition Moreover, the strips 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56 are ribbed in the longitudinal-transverse direction, forming in FIG. 6 alternating perforated faces, for example, 57, 58, 59, 60 for the strip 51. Moreover, every two adjacent perforated faces, for example 58 and 59, 59 and 60, etc., are located at an obtuse angle to one another on the outer and inner sides of the strips intersect with each other to form lowering the helical lines of the main direction, for example, 61-62-63-64-65-66-67 on the outer surface and the helical grooves on the inner surface of the drum 5. In Fig.6, Fig.7 one of the helical lines of the main direction 61-62 -63-64-65-66-67 is shown by the thickened line. On the outer surface of the drum 5, helical grooves and helical lines of the opposite direction are also formed, for example, 68-69-70-64-71-72-73 (in Fig.6, Fig.7) are shown by a thickened line. The helical lines along the outer surface of the drum 5 have the same position designations with their corresponding grooves on the inner surface, and the helical grooves and helical lines of the drums 5 can have a different number of approaches and different steps.

On strips 51, 52, 53, 54, 56, 57, before coagulation, cuts 58, 59 are made with beveled walls arranged in pairs at an angle to one another, as, for example, in FIG. 13, FIG. 14 by means of milling, pressure and etc. The geometry and magnitude of the angles Δ, ξ, σ, τ, ν, χ of the bevels of the notches and their mutual arrangement corresponds to the number of approaches and the values of the steps of helical lines of the opposite direction. The notches 58, 59 create (FIG. 13, FIG. 14) alternately from opposite sides of each strip 51, 52, 53, 54, 56, 57. Then, relative to the longitudinal axis, each of the strip 51, 52, 53, 54, 56, 57 twist in a vertical plane relative to the longitudinal axis of the strip. On Fig shows one of the strips twisted in a vertical plane along its longitudinal axis, with lateral edges 60 and 61 located along helical lines along the longitudinal axis. A strip, for example 51, previously twisted in a vertical plane relative to the longitudinal axis, is placed on the mandrel 63 ( 11, FIG. 12) and bend so that the edges 60 and 61 are placed along helical lines and in the transverse direction. After bending in the cross section, each strip is rotated relative to the longitudinal axis of the drum 5 so that its edges form a helical line in the transverse direction of the strip with the same pitch for all strips. After that, the strip 19 is deformed and removed from the mandrel 50 or fixed on the mandrel 50. The remaining strips, for example, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, are processed in a similar manner. Further, all the deformed strips are thus placed on the mandrel 50, combined and connected by known methods, such as welding.

The drum 5 can be equipped, if necessary, on the outer surface (not shown) with diamond-shaped pockets to create additional water flows on the outer and inner surfaces of the drum and pockets on the inner screw surface to intensify the movement of particles of bulk materials inside the drum.

The washing machine operates as follows.

Bulk materials (figure 1, figure 2, figure 3) are fed through the loading tray 2 inside the rotating drum 5, where they are captured, like shovels, faces, for example 25, 26, 27, 28, etc., and direction of rotation rise up. Upon reaching a certain height under the influence of gravitational forces and the angle of repose formed, bulk materials, depending on their own mass, are separated from the walls of the drum 5 and from different heights fall into the water of the drum 5 with the subsequent simultaneous movement of the drum grooves 5 by the screw grooves towards the discharge side. The movement of subsequent portions of bulk materials that rise up and fall into the water is continuous. Since the inner walls of the drum 5 are located at an angle not only to each other, but also to the axis of rotation of the drum, in each portion each particle of bulk materials, for example root crops, moves along its direction vector towards the discharge side, which greatly intensifies the mixing process and grinding with each other and with the walls of the drum 5, improves the quality of washing and expands technological capabilities. The washing process is also intensified by perforated inlets, which can be provided with helical lines of the drum 5 if necessary (not shown). Water is supplied by a solenoid valve 6 and enters the bath, washing bulk materials in the drum 5. Water fills the space between the particles of bulk materials, providing in the process of their movement from loading to unloading and washing without damage. Dirt and sand settle in the hopper 10 of the bath 1 and through the drain pipe 12 are discharged into a water intake device. At the output of the drum 5, the cleaned and washed particles of bulk materials rise up and through the discharge tray 8 are displayed outside the machine.

Since the strips from which the drum is mounted are folded not only in the longitudinal, but also in the transverse direction, different along the perimeter of the drum there are formed spiral inner surfaces facing each other and broken screw grooves corresponding to their intersections. The formation of a complex inner surface in the form of a combination of two curved surfaces, at each point of which multidirectional components of movement arise, enhance the effect of mixing and washing, due to the presence of multidirectional vectors. Thus, the curvature of the surface enhances the technological and transport effect, due to the presence of multidirectional vectors at each point on the inner surface of the drum. Due to the fact that the strips from which the drum 5 is mounted have a variable width of a concave, convex or wavy shape and are made ribbed in the transverse direction with the formation of alternating perforated faces around the drum perimeter, gradual rarefaction and compaction of bulk materials are carried out, which intensifies the process of mixing and washing .

Technical and economic benefits are provided due to the intensification of washing particles of bulk materials, due to the violation of the stationary flow of particles of bulk materials and water inside the drum due to the relative position at an angle to each other and to the axis of rotation of the perforated facets located around the perimeter of the drum.

Claims (1)

A machine for washing bulk materials containing loading and unloading trays, a liquid bath and a drive drum mounted therein, made around the perimeter of perforated strips connected in series along each other, characterized in that the drum is concave or convex or wave-shaped, and the stripes that make up it have a variable width, are made ribbed in the longitudinal-transverse direction with the formation of alternating perforated faces, and also have incisions with beveled walls, etc. and this strip is folded in a vertical plane in the longitudinal direction relative to its own axis of symmetry, bent along helical lines in the transverse direction and bent along cuts with beveled walls in the transverse-longitudinal direction, arranged in pairs at an angle to one another on both sides of the strips to form a perimeter drum directed towards each other broken helical lines and broken helical surfaces with variable pitch.

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