RU2305471C1 - Bulk objects washing machine - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: technique for washing of bulk objects, including roots, vegetables, parts, construction materials in food-processing sugar, canned food, distillation, construction and other branches of industry.

SUBSTANCE: washing machine has drum made in the form of unidirectional hollow helical column formed from at least three strips defining perimeter and developed in vertical plane, said strips being connected with one another along column length and having equal length and curvature of different order and extent of curvature of convex or concave shape relative to axis of rotation of drum so that outer perforated overlapped portions are defined along perimeter of drum.

EFFECT: increased efficiency in washing of easily damaged bulk objects.

6 dwg

Description

The invention relates to equipment for washing bulk items, including root crops, vegetables, parts, building materials, and can be used in food, sugar, alcohol, canning, construction and other sectors of the economy. A known washing machine (patent No. 2264763, class A23N 12/02, bull. No. 33, publ. 11/27/2005) containing loading and unloading trays, a bath with liquid and a drive drum installed in it, which is made with pockets and assembled of sections, each of which is mounted from six perforated plates made in the form of isosceles trapezoidal joints, connected at an obtuse internal angle to each other alternately to the ends of the sections with upper and lower bases, each of the plates being connected laterally to the plane of the subsequent plate so that is sewn through the top formed by the upper base of the trapezoid and the lateral side, with the formation of the internal cavity of the section in the form of a regular octahedron with faces in the form of equilateral triangles and the formation of a one-sided inlet from the side opposite to the obtuse internal corner between the plates to create pockets located under an acute angle, and the width of the inlet is equal to the difference between the lengths of the lower and upper bases of the trapezoid, and the sections are connected to the drum by the lower bases of the trapezoid, while the lower base vanie longer trapezium side by the amount of the upper base and one-sided lapping at the outer corner between the two plates is directed in the drum rotation direction and formed to be continuous.

The disadvantages of the known machine are the complexity of the design and manufacturing technology of the drum, limited technological capabilities, low processing efficiency of easily damaged bulk objects in view of the presence of their oncoming flows and the presence inside the drum directed towards each other at an angle of flat perforated faces with sharp ribs between them, which leads to damage a significant amount of bulk items.

Closest to the alleged invention is a machine for washing root crops (patent No. 2251362, class A23N 12/02, bull. No. 13, publ. 05/10/2005) containing loading and unloading trays, a bath of liquid and a drive drum installed in it, made of guide elements in the form of perpendicular trapezoidal strips curved along a helical line in the longitudinal direction and curved along a helical line on a conical mandrel in the transverse direction, with different dimensions in width, with an increase in their length along the drum from loading and unloading.

The disadvantages of the known machine are the complexity of the design and manufacturing technology, limited technological capabilities due to the insufficient area and intensity of watering of the roots and tubers, as well as the low efficiency of processing easily damaged root crops due to the increase in the pitch of helical lines, changes in the cross section of the drum, which leads to damage to a significant number of root crops .

The technical solution to the problem is to simplify the design and manufacturing technology, increase the area and intensity of irrigation of bulk items, as well as increase the efficiency and quality of washing easily damaged bulk items.

This object is achieved by the fact that in a machine for washing loose objects containing loading and unloading trays, a bath of liquid and a drive drum installed in it, the latter is made in the form of a unidirectional hollow screw column made around the perimeter of three or more rolled up in a vertical plane and sequentially interconnected along the length of the column of screw identical in width strips of curvilinear of various orders and degrees of curvature of a concave or convex shape relative to the axis of rotation of the ba Habana to form on the outer perimeter of the perforated drum inlet.

According to the patent literature not found a technical solution similar to the claimed, which allows to judge about the inventive step of the proposed design of the machine for washing bulk items.

The novelty is due to the fact that the drum is made in the form of a unidirectional hollow screw column with a constant cross section that is constant over the entire length, which eliminates the occurrence of oncoming flows of movement of bulk objects and increases the efficiency and quality of washing easily damaged bulk items.

The novelty is seen in the fact that the drum is made of the same width and length of three or more strips, which simplifies the design and manufacturing technology of the drum.

The novelty of the proposal is that due to the formation of one-sided external perforated inlets along the perimeter of the drum, the area and intensity of irrigation of bulk objects increases.

The novelty also lies in the fact that due to the manufacture of perforated inlets, turbulent jets are excited in water, discontinuities in the water are violated, air bubbles form in the entire water volume of the washing chamber, which intensifies the process of washing loose objects without damaging them.

The invention is illustrated by drawings, where:

Figure 1 schematically shows a machine for washing loose objects, a longitudinal section; figure 2 is a section aa in figure 1; figure 3 is a section bB in figure 1; figure 4 is a drum, front view; figure 5 - section bb in figure 4, with helical stripes of curvilinear convex shape, in which the centers of curvature are located inside the cross section of the drum; Fig.6 is a section bb in Fig.4, with helical stripes of curved concave shape, in which the centers of curvature are located outside the cross section of the drum.

The machine for washing bulk objects (figure 1, figure 2, figure 3) consists of a washing bath 1, on which is mounted a tray 2 for loading raw materials, a roller support 3 and 4, on which a drum 5 is mounted, an electromagnetic valve 6 for supplying water (Fig.2), alarm control system 7 for adjusting the water level (Fig.2), drive sprocket 8, discharge tray 9 for unloading processed raw materials. At the bottom of the bath there is a hopper 10 for collecting dirt and sand, to which a single-turn mechanism 11 for draining water is attached, a drain pipe 12. For manual opening of the shutter 13 (FIG. 2, FIG. 3), if necessary, draining water from the bath 1, the single-turn mechanism 11 is provided the steering wheel 14. The drum 5 is equipped with supporting rings 15,16 mounted for rotation on the roller 3 and 4. The continuous rotation of the drum 5 is carried out from the gear motor 17 through a chain gear 18 and a drive sprocket 8. To reduce water consumption and improve the quality of washing Shade water in the drum is regulated signaling control system 7 and is updated depending on the degree of pollution in the automatic mode.

параболой у²=2·р·х, гиперболой

линиями третьего порядка кривизны и выше - Декартов лист х³+у³-3·а·х·у=0, локон Аньези у=а³(а²+х²), Строфоида

улитка Паскаля (x²+y²-2R·x)²-a²(x²+y²)=0 и т.п.; линиями n-го порядка кривизны - кривые, описанные полиномами. Линии соединения свернутых в винт полос образуют ясно выраженную однонаправленную трехходовую и более с постоянным шагом винтовых линий винтовую колонну. Полосы 19, 20, 21 соединяют друг с другом с образованием напусков А, Б, В известными методами, например сваркой, и с образованием по периметру барабана внутренних винтовых канавок 22-23, 24-25, 26-27 с постоянным по длине барабана 5 шагом винтовых линий (фиг.4). При вращении барабана 5 перфорированные напуски А, Б, В при погружении возбуждают в воде турбулентные струи, нарушают сплошность внутри воды, образуют воздушные пузырьки во всем объеме воды моечной ванны 1, что интенсифицирует процесс мойки сыпучих предметов без их повреждения. При вращении барабана 5 при выходе из воды перфорированные напуски А, Б, В захватывают порции воды, поднимают их и обеспечивают полив и очистку не только поверхностей барабана 5, лежащих впереди напусков А, Б, В, но и поверхностей барабана 5, расположенных за напусками, путем полива водой, проходящей через перфорации напусков А, Б, В по мере их подъема вверх при вращении барабана, таким образом обеспечивается равномерный сверху полив сыпучих предметов по всему периметру барабана 5.Drum 5 (Fig. 4, Fig. 5, Fig. 6) is made in the form of a unidirectional hollow screw column, made along the perimeter of three or more vertically rolled up and serially connected along the length of the column of screw identical in width bands 19, 20 , 21 curvilinear concave or convex shape relative to the axis of rotation of the drum and described by curves of various orders and degrees of curvature, for example, lines of the second order of curvature - an ellipse

parabola y ² = 2 · p · x, hyperbola

by lines of the third order of curvature and higher - Cartesian leaf x ³ + y ³ -3 · a · x · y = 0, Agnesi curl y = a ³ (a ² + x ² ), Strofoid

Pascal snail (x ² + y ² -2R · x) ² -a ² (x ² + y ² ) = 0, etc .; lines of the nth order of curvature are curves described by polynomials. The connection lines of the strips rolled into a screw form a pronounced unidirectional three-way or more spiral column with a constant pitch of helical lines. The strips 19, 20, 21 are connected to each other with the formation of laps A, B, C by known methods, for example by welding, and with the formation along the perimeter of the drum of the internal helical grooves 22-23, 24-25, 26-27 with a constant along the length of the drum 5 pitch helix (figure 4). When the drum 5 rotates, the perforated inlets A, B, C during immersion excite turbulent jets in water, break the continuity inside the water, form air bubbles in the entire volume of water in the washing bath 1, which intensifies the process of washing loose objects without damaging them. When the drum 5 rotates when leaving the water, the perforated inlets A, B, C grab portions of water, lift them up and provide watering and cleaning not only the surfaces of the drum 5 lying in front of the inlets A, B, C, but also the surfaces of the drum 5 located behind the inlets , by irrigation with water passing through the perforations of the inlets A, B, C as they rise upward when the drum rotates, thus ensuring uniform pouring of loose objects from above around the entire perimeter of the drum 5.

The machine operates as follows.

Bulk objects (figure 1, figure 2, figure 3) are fed through the loading tray 2 into the rotating drum 5, where they are captured by the inner screw surface and moved to the discharge side. Upon reaching a certain height under the influence of gravitational forces and the angle of repose formed, loose objects move smoothly into the drum water, followed by simultaneous movement of the drum helical grooves towards the discharge side. Since the curved surface of the drum is continuous, the process of moving subsequent portions of bulk objects that rise up and move smoothly from above into the water is continuous. Since the surface of the drum is curved, in each portion each loose object smoothly moves along its direction vector towards the unloading direction, which increases the washing efficiency of easily damaged bulk objects and ensures their less damage to each other and to the walls of the drum 5. The washing process is also intensified by air bubble flows penetrating layers of water, rising up along the entire length of the drum 5, and turbulent jets of water formed by the movement of perforated inlets A, B, C during rotation drum 5 and passing them through the water layer of the washing bath 1.

Filling the drum with bulk items is carried out evenly. Water is supplied by a solenoid valve 6 and enters the bathtub, washing bulk objects in the drum 5. Water fills the space between the bulk objects, ensuring that they are washed without damage during their movement from loading to unloading. Dirt and sand settle in the hopper 10 of the bath 1 and through the drain pipe 12 are discharged into a water intake device. At the output of the drum 5, the cleaned and washed loose objects rise up and through the discharge tray 9 are displayed outside the machine.

The proposed shape and design of the drum allows us to simplify the design and technology of manufacturing the drum, to increase the efficiency of processing easily damaged items by eliminating oncoming flows of their movements, and the presence of perforated inlets ensures their uniform irrigation during transportation from load to discharge, but also the formation of turbulent jets and air bubbles that intensify washing without damaging the surface of bulk objects.

Claims (1)

A machine for washing bulk items containing loading and unloading trays, a liquid bath and a drive drum mounted in it, characterized in that the drum is made in the form of a unidirectional hollow screw column, made around the perimeter of three or more vertically rolled up and connected in series along the length of the column of helical equal-in-width stripes of curvilinear strips of various orders and degrees of curvature of a concave or convex shape relative to the axis of rotation of the drum with the formation of perimeter drum external perforated laps.

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