RU2590808C1 - Device for washing tuberous roots - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture; food industry.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to washing of tuberous roots or vegetables. Device for washing tuberous roots consists of loading (2) and unloading (8) trays, bath with liquid (1) and installed in it a driving perforated drum (5). Perforated drum (5) is made of sections arranged along perimeter of interconnected two perforated rectangles and two perforated parallelograms with formation of square at sections faces. Square of every next section is turned relative to previous one by an angle of 180°. Inside perforated drum is arranged extension spring with round section of turns, equipped with device to adjust its length.

EFFECT: higher intensity and quality of washing, broader functional capabilities and easy manufacturing.

1 cl, 4 dwg

Description

The invention relates to equipment for washing bulk materials, including root crops, vegetables, building materials, parts, and can be used in construction, food, sugar, alcohol, canning and other sectors of the economy. A known machine for washing bulk items (RF patent No. 2305471, class A23N 12/02, publ. Bull. No. 25, 09/10/2007), containing loading and unloading trays, a bath with liquid and a drive drum mounted in it, made around the perimeter of three or more vertically rolled up and sequentially interconnected perforated strips of the same width with the formation of external perforated inlets along the perimeter of the drum.

A disadvantage of the known machine is the insufficient intensity and quality of washing, limited technological capabilities due to the fact that washing bulk materials is carried out with insufficient intensity of mixing and reorientation of particles of bulk materials.

Closest to the proposed invention is a machine for washing root crops (RF patent No. 22251362, class A23N 12/02, publ. Bull. No. 13, 05/10/2005) containing loading and unloading trays, a bath with liquid and a perforated drive installed in it cone-shaped drum made of guide elements in the form of perpendicular trapezoidal bands twisted along a helical line in the longitudinal direction and curved along a helical line on a conical mandrel in the transverse direction, with an increase in their width along the length of the drum from loading to unloading.

A disadvantage of the known machine is the insufficient intensity and quality of washing, limited technological capabilities due to the fact that the root crops are washed with insufficient intensity of washing and reorientation.

The technical solution to the problem is to increase the intensity and quality of washing, expand technological capabilities by increasing the intensity of reorientation of root crops by increasing the range of changes in their displacement and reorientation vectors, and simplify manufacturing.

This object is achieved in that in a device for washing root crops containing loading and unloading trays, a liquid bath and a driving perforated drum installed therein, the perforated drum is made of sections mounted around the perimeter of two perforated rectangles and two perforated parallelograms alternately connected to form along the ends of the squadrate sections, while the square of each subsequent section is rotated relative to the previous one by an angle of 180 °, while inside In the drum, a tension spring with a round coil section is mounted, equipped with a device for adjusting its length.

According to the patent literature not found a technical solution similar to the claimed, which allows to judge about the inventive step of the proposed design of a device for washing root crops.

The novelty of the invention lies in the fact that technological capabilities are expanded due to giving root crops a complex spatial zag-like movement due to the geometry of the perforated drum during asymmetric movement of the root crops as a result of the violation of the stationary motion of their flows by the geometric zigzag shape of the perforated drum, their relative position relative to each other and to axis of rotation.

The novelty also lies in the fact that the centers of symmetry of the inner surface of the perforated drum in each of its cross-sectional elements along its length are displaced relative to the axis of rotation of the perforated drum, which violates the stationary motion of root crops and expands technological capabilities.

The novelty also lies in the fact that the symmetry centers of each cross section of the perforated drum along its length are displaced not only relative to each other, but also relative to the axis of rotation of the perforated drum, which provides a significant increase in energy consumption, intensity and frequency of interaction of root crops and expands technological capabilities, provides self-cleaning perforated drum surface.

The novelty is also due to the fact that the elements from which the sections of the drum are assembled, different in area, size and configuration, interact with the root tubers moving inside the drum, are directed to each other at certain angles and therefore direct these root tubers at different angles, which increases their miscibility, energy intensity and frequency of interaction, expanding technological capabilities.

The invention is illustrated by drawings, where in FIG. 1 schematically shows a device for washing root crops, a longitudinal section; in FIG. 2 is a section Α-A in FIG. 1 (spring not shown); FIG. 3 - perforated drum, axonometric projection; FIG. 4 is a diagram of an assembly of sections of a perforated drum connected, for example, by welding.

The device for washing root crops (Fig. 1, Fig. 2) consists of a washing bath 1, on which a tray 2 for loading root crops, roller bearings 3 and 4, on which a perforated drum 5 is installed, an electromagnetic valve 6 for supplying water are mounted (Fig. 2), an alarm control system 7 for adjusting the water level (Fig. 2), an unloading tray 8 for root crops that have been washed. The perforated drum 5 is equipped with a drive sprocket 9. At the bottom of the bath 1 there are two bins 10 for collecting dirt and sand, to which are attached single-turn mechanisms 11 for draining water, drain pipes 12. For manually opening the shutters 13 (Fig. 2), if necessary, drain water from baths 1 single-turn mechanisms 11 are equipped with steering wheels 14. The perforated drum 5 is equipped with support rings 15, 16 mounted for rotation on the roller bearings 3 and 4. Continuous rotation of the perforated drum 5 is carried out from the gear motor 17 through chain transmission 18 and drive sprocket 9. To reduce water consumption and improve washing quality, the water level in the drum is regulated by the alarm control system 7 and is updated depending on the degree of contamination in automatic mode. Inside the drum 5, a spring 19 with a round coil section is fixed, equipped with a device for changing its length (not shown in the drawing).

The perforated drum 5 (Fig. 3, Fig. 4) is made of sections 20 mounted from two rectangles B and two parallelograms C, connected in pairs with their sides to each other. Sections 20 are connected into a perforated drum 5 by remaining equal to each other free sides and forming a square after each section is rotated 180 ° relative to the previous one. Thus, a zigzag screening surface is created in which the axis of each section is alternately at an angle to the axis of rotation, i.e. to the transportation line of root crops from loading to unloading.

In order to control the speed of movement of root crops from loading to unloading, a spring 19 with a round coil section is fixed inside the drum 5, equipped with a device for changing its length (not shown in the drawing).

A device for washing root crops works as follows.

Root tubers (Fig. 1, Fig. 2) are fed through the loading tray 2 into the rotating drum 5, where they are captured like shovels, perforated walls of the drum 5 and rise up in the direction of rotation. Upon reaching a certain height under the influence of gravitational forces and the angle of repose formed, root crops, depending on their own mass, are separated from the perforated walls of the drum 5 and fall from different heights into the water inside the drum 5, with the subsequent simultaneous movement of the spring coils 19 in the direction of unloading. The movement of subsequent portions of root crops, which rise up and fall into the water, is continuous. Since the inner perforated walls of the drum 5 are located at an angle not only to each other, but also to the axis of rotation of the drum 5, each root crop moves in its direction vector in the direction of discharge, which greatly intensifies the process of separation of dirt, washing and grinding with each other and with the walls of the drum 5, improves the quality of washing and expands technological capabilities. Water is supplied by a solenoid valve 6 and enters the bathtub, washing root and tubers in the drum 5. Water fills the space between the root and tubers, providing in the process of their movement from loading to unloading and their washing. Dirt and small particles settle in the hopper 10 of the bath 1 and through the drain pipe 12 are discharged into a water intake device. At the output of the drum 5, the peeled and washed root tubers rise up and are discharged outside the machine through the discharge tray 8. By changing the length of the spring 19, the speed of the root crops from load to unload is changed.

The device is equipped with a device for changing the angle of inclination of the device to the horizon. Therefore, if necessary, you can change the speed of movement of tubers from loading to unloading by creating a bias in the direction of unloading.

Technical and economic advantages arise due to increased mixing intensity, increased energy intensity and frequency of interaction of root crops not only with each other, but also with the walls of the perforated drum, performing not only rotational, but also oscillatory motion, which increases productivity and expands technological capabilities.

Claims (1)

A device for washing root crops containing loading and unloading trays, a liquid bath and a driving perforated drum installed in it, characterized in that the perforated drum is made of sections mounted around the perimeter of two perforated rectangles and two perforated parallelograms alternately connected to form sections at the ends square, while the square of each subsequent section is rotated relative to the previous one by an angle of 180 °, while inside the perforated drum th e tension spring with a circular cross-section turns, provided with a device for adjusting its length.

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