RU2251362C1 - Root washing machine - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: food, sugar, canning industries and distilleries.

SUBSTANCE: proposed root washing machine contains charging and discharge troughs, bath with liquid and drive drum installed in bath. Drum is made up of guide members I form of perforated strips of trapezoidal shape differing in width with length increasing in length of drum from charging to discharge. Said members are twisted along screw line in longitudinal direction and bent along screw line on conical mandrel in cross direction.

EFFECT: improved cleaning of roots.

8 dwg

Description

The invention relates to equipment for processing root crops and can be used in food, sugar, alcohol, canning and other industries.

A known machine for washing root crops (AS USSR No. 1017273, class A 23 N 12/02, 1981), containing loading and unloading trays, a bath with liquid and a drive drum installed in it with blades fortified along its generatrix.

A disadvantage of the known machine is the insufficient quality of washing, limited technological capabilities due to the insufficient intensity of mixing and reorientation of root crops and the need to tilt the entire drum to increase the speed of movement of root crops from loading to unloading.

Closest to the proposed invention is a machine for washing root crops (as USSR USSR No. 1402332, class A 23 N 12/02, 1988), containing loading and unloading trays, a bath with liquid and a drive drum installed in it with blades made in the form of a wedge, fortified relative to the axis of the drum at an angle of 5 to 38 °.

A disadvantage of the known machine is the insufficient quality of washing, limited technological capabilities due to the insufficient intensity of mixing and reorientation of root crops and the need to tilt the entire drum to increase the speed of movement of root crops from loading to unloading.

The technical solution to the problem is to improve the quality of washing and expand technological capabilities by expanding the range of changes in the resulting vectors of movement of root crops, increasing the intensity of mixing and reorientation of root crops and the speed of their movement from loading to unloading.

The problem is achieved in that in a machine for washing root crops containing loading and unloading trays, a bath with liquid and a drive drum installed in it, the latter is made of guide elements in the form of twisted along a helical line in the longitudinal direction and curved along a helical line on a conical mandrel in the transverse direction of perforated trapezoidal strips with different dimensions in width with increasing along the length of the drum from loading to unloading.

According to the patent literature not found a technical solution similar to the claimed, which allows to judge about the inventive step of the proposed design of the machine for washing root crops.

The novelty of the proposal lies in the fact that by increasing the bore of the drum from loading to unloading, i.e. conditionally conical shape of the drum, the stationary movement of root tubers is violated, the quality of the sink is increased and technological capabilities are expanded.

The novelty is also seen in the fact that the pitch of helical lines increases from loading to unloading, which not only provides an increase in the speed of longitudinal movement of root crops, but also intensifies the washing process and expands technological capabilities by complicating the trajectories of their movements inside the drum.

The novelty is also due to the fact that the area and shape of the cross section of the drum change from loading to unloading, which changes the speeds and trajectories of root crops as they move from loading to unloading.

The novelty also lies in the fact that due to the twisting of trapezoidal bands of variable width in the transverse and in the longitudinal direction, curved surfaces of various curvatures are formed inside the drum in each cross section along the length of the drum, which changes the path of the root crops at each point on the surface, disrupts the stationarity of their movement and enhances the washing effect.

The invention is illustrated by drawings, where:

Figure 1 schematically shows a machine for washing root crops, a longitudinal section; figure 2 is a section aa in figure 1; figure 3 is a view a in figure 1; figure 4 - drum; figure 5 is a section bB in figure 4; figure 6 - perforated trapezoidal strip after twisting in the longitudinal direction relative to its own longitudinal axis of symmetry; Fig.7 - perforated trapezoidal strip after bending along a helical line in the transverse direction on a conical mandrel; on Fig - section bb in Fig.7.

The washing machine for root crops (Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3) consists of a washing bath 1, on which a tray 2 is mounted for loading raw materials, a roller support 3 and 4, on which a drum 5 is installed, an electromagnetic valve 6 for supplying water ( figure 2), the alarm control system 7 for adjusting the water level (figure 2), the drive sprocket 8, the discharge tray 9 for unloading the processed raw materials. At the bottom of the bath there is a hopper 10 for collecting dirt and sand, to which a single-turn mechanism 11 for draining water is attached, a drain pipe 12. To manually open the shutter 13 (Fig. 2), if necessary, to drain the water from the bath 1, the single-turn mechanism 11 is equipped with a steering wheel 14. The drum 5 is provided with support rings 15, 16 mounted for rotation on roller supports 3 and 4.

The continuous rotation of the drum 5 is carried out from the gear motor 17 through a chain gear 18 and a drive sprocket 8.

The drum 5 (Fig. 4, Fig. 5) is made of guide elements in the form of perforated stripes 19, 20, 21 trapezoidal with different dimensions in width, twisted along a helical line in the longitudinal direction and curved along the helical line in the transverse direction, with an increase in their width along the length of the drum from loading to unloading. The strips 19, 20, 21 are connected to each other by the lateral sides by known methods, for example, by welding, with the formation along the perimeter of the drum of the internal helical grooves 22-23, 24-25, 26-27 with a helix of step 5 variable along the length of the drum 5. Each of the perforated strips 19, 20, 21 is twisted in the longitudinal direction relative to its own axis of symmetry, for example, as strip 19 in FIG. 6, in which one of its ends is fixed in a hot or cold state and the other end of the strip is rotated in a predetermined direction. Thus twisted strip 19 is placed on a conical mandrel 28 (Fig.7) and bent so that the edges of the strip are placed in the transverse direction along a helical line. In this case, the strip is deformed and it is either removed from the mandrel or fixed on it in a deformed position. Similarly, the remaining strips 20 and 21 defining the drum are deformed. Next, the three strips thus deformed in this way 19, 20, 21 are connected by known methods along the lateral helical edges.

The twisting of each perforated trapezoidal shape of the strip provides an additional curvature of the drum surface, which increases the difference between the angles of inclination of the vectors of movement of root crops in adjacent sections of the drum surface. At the same time, root crops move along complex trajectories, increasing the intensity of mixing, reorientation and grinding of root crops among themselves.

To reduce water consumption and improve the quality of washing, the water level in the drum is regulated by the alarm control system 7 and is updated depending on the degree of pollution in the automatic mode.

The machine operates as follows.

Root tubers, such as potatoes, after removing unbound tops and solid impurities (not shown) from the feed path through the loading tray 2 through the loading tray 2 into the rotating drum 5, where the heap of potatoes is captured by the inner screw surface and rises upward and moves to the side unloading. Upon reaching a certain height under the influence of gravitational forces and the angle of repose formed, the potato falls into the drum water, followed by the simultaneous movement of the drum helical grooves towards the discharge side. Since the curved surface of the drum is continuous, the process of movement of subsequent portions of potatoes, which rise up and fall from above into the water, is continuous. Since the surface of the drum is curved, in each serving, each potato tuber moves in its direction vector towards the unloading direction, which greatly intensifies the process of mixing and grinding fruits with each other and with the walls of the drum, improves the quality of washing and expands technological capabilities.

Since, due to the curvature of the conditionally conical surface of the drum, the range of changes in the resulting displacement vectors of root crops is significantly expanded, each root crop falls into the water in different direction vectors, which provides a less chance of collisions at the initial moment of separation of the root crops from the walls of the drum, where they have a large kinetic reserve energies and move with great kinetic energy, which is why their less damage to each other is ensured.

Filling the drum with root crops is carried out evenly. Water is supplied by a solenoid valve 6 and enters the bathtub, washing root and tubers in the drum 5. Water fills the inter-tubular space, providing wet mutual grinding of potatoes during the reorientation. Dirt and sand settle in the hopper 10 of the bath 1 and through the drain pipe 12 are discharged into a water intake device. At the output of the drum 5, peeled potatoes rise up and through the unloading tray 9 is displayed outside the machine.

The proposed shape and design of the drum allows to increase the intensity of mixing of root crops and each other and the duration of interaction with the surface of the drum and to ensure the continuity of the process of their transportation from loading to unloading, which means to expand technological capabilities and improve the quality of washing.

Claims (1)

A tuber washing machine comprising loading and unloading trays, a liquid bath and a driving drum mounted therein, characterized in that the drum is made of guide elements in the form of twisted along a helical line in the longitudinal direction and curved along a helical line on a conical mandrel in the transverse direction perforated strips of trapezoidal shape, with different sizes in width, with an increase in their length along the drum from loading to unloading.

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