RU2485872C2 - Loose material washing machine - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: processing engineering.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to loose material washers to be used in food and construction industries, etc. Proposed machine comprises loading and unloading trays, bath filed with fluid and driven tapered drum. Said drum is composed of sections made up of two pairs of perforated triangles connected together by their sides. First pair consists of two identical isosceles perforated triangles. Second pair consists of isosceles perforated triangle equal to isosceles triangle of said first pair and equilateral perforated triangle with sides equal side of isosceles perforated triangle. Every next section is turned relative to previous one through 120° to form, on drum ID and OD, three broken helical lines of the main direction and one broken helical line of opposite direction to make, on drum ID and OD, three broken helical grooves of the main direction and one broken helical groove of opposite direction.

EFFECT: higher intensity of quality of washing, expanded performances.

6 dwg

Description

The invention relates to equipment for washing bulk materials, including root crops, vegetables, parts, building materials, and can be used in food, sugar, alcohol, canning, construction and other sectors of the economy.

A known machine for washing bulk items (RF patent No. 2305471 class. A23N 12/02, publ. Bull. No. 25, 09/10/2007), containing loading and unloading trays, a bath with liquid and a drive drum installed in it, made around the perimeter of three or more vertically folded in a vertical plane and sequentially interconnected perforated stripes of equal width with the formation of external perforated inlets along the perimeter of the drum.

A disadvantage of the known machine is the insufficient intensity and quality of washing, limited technological capabilities due to the fact that the washing of bulk materials is carried out with insufficient intensity of mixing and reorientation of particles of bulk materials.

Closest to the proposed invention is a washing machine for washing root crops (RF patent No. 2252562, class A23N 12/02, publ. Bull. No. 13, 05/10/2005) containing loading and unloading trays, a bath with liquid and installed in it cone-shaped drive drum made of guide elements in the form of trapezoidal perforated stripes twisted along a helical line in the longitudinal direction and curved along a helical line on a conical mandrel in the transverse direction, with an increase in their width along the drum narrow to unloading.

A disadvantage of the known machine is the insufficient intensity and quality of washing, limited technological capabilities due to the fact that the washing of bulk materials is carried out with insufficient intensity of mixing and reorientation of particles of bulk materials.

The technical solution to the problem is to increase the intensity and quality of washing, expand technological capabilities by increasing the intensity of mixing and reorienting particles of bulk materials by increasing the range of changes in the displacement vectors and reorienting particles of bulk materials, which also intensifies their mixing.

The problem is achieved in that in a machine for washing bulk materials containing loading and unloading trays, a bath with liquid and a drive drum installed in it, made of a conical shape, the drum is mounted from sequentially installed sections, each of which is made in the form of mounted two pairs of perforated triangles connected by the sides, while the first pair is made of the same two isosceles perforated triangles, and the second pair of isosceles perforated triangle, equal to an isosceles perforated triangle of the first pair, and an equilateral perforated triangle, the sides of which are equal to the side of an isosceles perforated triangle, each subsequent section is rotated relative to the previous one by an angle of 120 ° with the formation of three broken helical lines of the main direction along the outer and inner perimeter of the drum and one broken helix in the opposite direction and the formation of three scrap along the inner perimeter of the drum main helical grooves and one broken helical groove in the opposite direction.

According to the patent literature not found a technical solution similar to the claimed, which allows to judge about the inventive step of the proposed design of the machine for washing bulk materials.

The novelty of the invention lies in the fact that the drum along the entire length has a variable not only transverse, but also longitudinal section, which intensifies the process of mixing and washing bulk materials.

The novelty is due to the fact that the drum is multi-start, with three broken screw grooves along the inner perimeter of the housing, which not only ensures the transportation of bulk materials from loading to unloading with a horizontal axis of rotation of the drum, but also intensifies the process of mixing them.

The novelty is also due to the fact that the cross-sectional shape of the drum is an irregular quadrangle, which along the length of the drum changes not only its shape and dimensions of the sides, but also their location relative to the axis of rotation of the drum, which violates the stationary motion of bulk materials and helps to intensify their mixing and washing, the vectors of the velocity of particles of bulk materials and water flows during their transportation from loading to unloading change, which contributes to the intensification of their mixing and extends the technology gical possibilities.

The novelty is also due to the fact that the cross-sectional area of the drum in the form of an irregular quadrangle varies along the length of the drum, which provides compression and dilution of the flows of particles of bulk materials and water as they move from loading to unloading, which ensures the intensification of mixing and washing processes, expanding technological capabilities.

The novelty of the proposal also lies in the fact that the broken helical grooves of the main direction directed towards each other and one screw groove of the opposite direction directed towards them provide for the creation of oncoming flows of motion and mixing particles of bulk materials and water inside the drum, and technological capabilities expand.

The novelty also lies in the fact that along the perimeter of the drum there are formed perforated faces directed towards not only each other at an angle, but also to the axis of rotation of the drum, which violates the stationary state of the flows of not only particles of bulk materials, but also water flows inside the drum, while the water velocity and its pressure at each point of the flow randomly pulsate and water particles make unsteady random movements along complex paths, namely, a turbulent flow, which ensures intensification of m oki bulk materials.

The novelty is also due to the fact that the pitch of the helix along the perimeter varies along the length of the drum from loading to unloading, which intensifies the process of mixing and washing.

The novelty is also due to the fact that the perforated faces have different shapes and sizes with the formation of alternating perforated faces of different sizes around the drum perimeter, which ensures gradual dilution and densification of particle flows and intensifies the mixing and washing process.

The invention is illustrated by drawings, where figure 1 schematically shows a machine for washing loose objects, a longitudinal section; figure 2 is a section aa in figure 1; figure 3 - part of the drum, front view; figure 4 is a view of figure 3; figure 5 - section of the drum; figure 6 - Assembly diagram of the drum.

The machine for washing bulk materials (Fig. 1, Fig. 2) consists of a washing bath 1 on which a tray 2 for loading particles of bulk materials is mounted, roller bearings 3 and 4, on which a drum 5 is installed, an electromagnetic valve 6 for supplying water ( figure 2), the alarm control system 7 for adjusting the water level (figure 2), the unloading tray 8 for unloading particles of bulk materials that have been washed. The drum 5 is equipped with a drive sprocket 9. At the bottom of the bath 1 there are bunkers 10 for collecting dirt and sand, to which are attached single-turn mechanisms 11 for draining water, drain pipes 12. For manually opening the shutters 13 (figure 2), if necessary, drain the water from the baths 1 single-turn mechanisms 11 are equipped with steering wheels 14. The drum 5 is equipped with support rings 15, 16 mounted for rotation on roller bearings 3 and 4. Continuous rotation of the drum 5 is carried out from the gear motor 17 through a chain gear 18 and a drive sprocket 8. To reduce flow of water and improve the quality of washing in the drum water level is regulated by a control system 7 signaling and updated depending on the degree of pollution in the automatic mode.

Drum 5 (FIG. 3, FIG. 4) is cone-shaped with the formation along the perimeter and inside the housing of three broken helical lines and helical grooves of the main direction inside the housing with a step S ₁ that is variable along the length of the drum 5, which are shown in FIG. 3 and FIG. 4 thickened lines 19-20-21-22-23, 24-25-26-27, 28-29-30-31-32 and one broken helix and a helical groove in the opposite direction with step S ₂ shown in figure 3 by lines 27-22-30-25-20-20-28.

The drum 5 is made of sequentially installed sections (figure 5), each of which is made in the form of mounted two pairs of perforated triangles "A" and "B" connected by the sides. The first pair of perforated triangles “A” is made of two identical isosceles perforated triangles 33 and 34. The second pair of perforated triangles “B” is mounted from isosceles perforated triangle 35, equal to perforated triangles 33 and 34 of the first pair “A”, and an equilateral perforated triangle 36, whose sides are equal to the lateral sides of the perforated triangles 33, 34, 35.

Each subsequent section (Fig.6), when assembling the drum 5, is rotated relative to the previous section by 120 °.

For example, FIG. 6 shows sections 37, 38, 39, while section 38 is rotated counterclockwise 120 ° relative to the previous section 37, section 39 is rotated relative to the previous section 38, also 120 °, etc. . The rotation of the sections 37, 38, 39 for clarity is shown in FIG. 6 by the positions of the point vertices D ₁ , D ₂ , D ₃ .

The drum 5 (figure 3 and figure 4) is made conical with three along the perimeter of the drum 5 broken helical lines with a variable along the length of the drum 5 step S ₁ , which are shown in figure 3 and figure 4 thickened lines 19-20-21- 22-23, 24-25-26-27, 28-29-30-31-32 and, respectively, screw grooves K ₁ , K ₂ , K ₃ inside the drum 5 (figure 4).

When the sections are rotated relative to each other clockwise, helical surfaces of the drum 5 are formed with right helical lines and helical grooves inside the drum 5 of the main direction with step S ₁ (Fig. 3 and Fig. 4).

When the sections are rotated relative to each other counterclockwise, helical surfaces of the drum 5 are formed with left helical lines and helical grooves of the main direction S ₁ (not shown in the drawings).

Due to the presence on the inner surface of the drum 5 of three helical lines and, respectively, helical grooves K ₁ , K ₂ , K ₃ , the rotation of the drum 5 ensures not only the axial movement of particles of bulk materials and water flows from loading to unloading, but also increases the intensity, energy intensity and the frequency of interaction of particles of bulk materials with each other and water flows, which intensifies the washing process and expands technological capabilities.

The drum 5 can be equipped, if necessary, on the outer surface (not shown) of diamond-shaped pockets to create additional water flows along the outer and inner surfaces of the drum and to intensify the washing process

The washing machine operates as follows.

Bulk materials (figure 1, figure 2) are fed through the loading tray 2 into the rotating drum 5, where they are captured, like shovels, perforated walls of the drum 5 - triangles, of which sections are mounted, for example triangles 29, 30, 31, 32 and etc., and in the direction of rotation rise up. Upon reaching a certain height under the influence of gravitational forces and the angle of repose formed, bulk materials, depending on their own mass, are separated from the walls of the drum 5 and from different heights fall into the water inside the drum 5, followed by simultaneous movement by screw grooves K ₁ , K ₂ , To ₃ drums 5 in the direction of unloading. The movement of subsequent portions of bulk materials that rise up and fall into the water is continuous. Since the inner perforated walls of the drum 5 are located at an angle not only to each other, but also to the axis of rotation of the drum 5, in each portion each particle of bulk materials, such as root tubers, moves along its direction vector towards the discharge side, which greatly intensifies the process mixing and grinding with each other and with the walls of the drum 5, improves the quality of washing and expands technological capabilities. The washing process can also be intensified by perforated inlets, which can be provided with helical lines of the drum 5 if necessary (not shown in the drawings). Water is supplied by a solenoid valve 6 and enters the bath, washing bulk materials in the drum 5. Water fills the space between the particles of bulk materials, providing in the process of their movement from loading to unloading and washing without damage. Dirt and sand settle in the hopper 10 of the bath 1 and through the drain pipe 12 are discharged into a water intake device. At the output of the drum 5, the cleaned and washed particles of bulk materials rise up and through the discharge tray 8 are discharged outside the machine.

Technical and economic advantages are provided due to the intensification of washing of particles of bulk materials due to the violation of the stationary flow of particles of bulk materials and water inside the drum due to the relative position at an angle to each other and to the axis of rotation of perforated elements - faces located around the perimeter of the drum.

Claims (1)

A machine for washing bulk materials containing loading and unloading trays, a liquid bath and a drive drum mounted in it, made of a conical shape, characterized in that the drum is mounted from sequentially installed sections, each of which is made in the form of mounted two pairs of perforated triangles connected sides, while the first pair is made of the same two isosceles perforated triangles, and the second pair is made of isosceles perforated triangles equal to the isosceles perforated triangle of the first pair, and an equilateral perforated triangle, the sides of which are equal to the lateral side of the isosceles perforated triangle, each subsequent section being rotated relative to the previous one by an angle of 120 ° with the formation along the outer and inner perimeter of the drum of three broken helical lines of the main direction and one broken line a helical line in the opposite direction and the formation of three broken helical grooves along the inner perimeter of the drum Mainstream and one helical groove sloping in the opposite direction.

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