RU2458299C1 - Continuous loose material drying device - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: machine building.

SUBSTANCE: in continuous loose material drying device, trays of drying cabinet are made in the form of screw drums which have convex shape and concave shape, which are installed in turn one under the other. Screw drums of convex shape are made along the perimetre of three and more strips rolled in vertical plane and in-series connected to each other, having variable width of convex curved shape, rolled in vertical plane in longitudinal direction, bent along screw lines in transverse direction and bent along cuts, with chamfered walls in transverse and longitudinal direction, located in pairs at an angle to each other on both sides of strips so that there formed along the perimetre of drum are broken screw lines facing each other and broken screw surfaces with equal variable pitch throughout the drum length, and screw drums of concave shape are made of strips of variable width of concave shape, rolled in vertical plane in longitudinal direction, bent along screw lines in transverse direction and bent as to cuts, with chamfered walls in transverse-longitudinal direction, which are located at an angle to each other on both sides of strips so that broken screw lines and broken screw surfaces with variable pitch are formed along the perimetre of screw drum of concave shape and face each other.

EFFECT: improving the device design.

15 dwg

Description

The invention relates to a device for drying bulk materials, for example, granular and bulk materials, in particular building bulk materials, and may find application in chemical, pharmaceutical, food, animal feed and other industries.

A drying cabinet is known (AS USSR No. 1035365, class F26B 9/06, 1983) containing a heat-insulating chamber equipped with an unloading unit with a sealed pivot door and pallets for drying material installed in the chamber in a tiltable manner, while the chamber has unloading windows at the level of the bottoms of pallets.

The disadvantages of the known devices are low quality drying and limited technological capabilities.

Closest to the proposed invention is a device for the continuous drying of bulk materials (RF patent No. 2259526, publ. 08/27/2005. Bull No. 24), containing a thermally insulated chamber, a device for loading and unloading the processed material, supply and output of a drying agent, and belt installed in chamber pallets mounted one under the other with the possibility of rotation, interconnected and made in the form of drums in the form of tetrahedral columns mounted from individual perforated equilateral triangles.

A disadvantage of the known device is the limited technological capabilities.

The technical solution to the problem is the expansion of technological capabilities due to the fact that the shape and dimensions of the cross section, having the shape of a polygon, change repeatedly over the length of the screw drums, which provides multiple periodic compression of the masses of bulk materials, which increases the intensity of mixing, the energy intensity of the collisions and the intensity of heat transfer, extends the technological opportunities, provides a rational thermal regime of drying.

This object is achieved in that in a device for the continuous drying of bulk materials containing a thermally insulated chamber, a device for loading and unloading the processed material, supply and output of a drying agent and pallets in the chamber, rotationally mounted on each other with the possibility of rotation, interconnected and made in the form of screw drums mounted from separate equilateral triangles, screw drums are convex in shape and concave in shape, mounted one under the other ohm, while convex helical drums are made around the perimeter of three or more vertically folded and sequentially connected to each other stripes of variable width of a convex curvilinear shape, folded in a vertical plane in the longitudinal direction, curved along helical lines in the transverse direction and bent along the notches , with beveled walls in the transverse-longitudinal direction, located in pairs at an angle to one another on both sides of the strips with the formation along the perimeter of the drum directed towards I meet each other with broken helical lines and broken helical surfaces with the same variable pitch along the length of the drum, and concave helical drums are made of strips of variable width of concave shape, curved in a vertical plane in the longitudinal direction, curved along helical lines in the transverse direction and bent over cuts , with beveled walls in the transverse-longitudinal direction, located at an angle to one another on both sides of the strips with the formation of a concave shape along the perimeter of the screw drum PARTICULAR towards each other broken lines and broken screw helical surfaces with a variable pitch.

According to the patent literature not found a technical solution similar to the claimed, which allows to judge about the inventive step of the proposed design of a device for the continuous drying of bulk materials.

The novelty of the invention lies in the fact that, since the frequency of movement of particles of bulk materials in the proposed design is determined not only by the frequency of rotation of the screw drum, but also by the number of flat elements around its perimeter, such a structural design of its surface around the perimeter by increasing the number of flat elements along the perimeter increases for each revolution of the screw drum the frequency of collisions of particles of bulk materials with each other and with the walls of the screw drum, increases the intensity eploobmena increases the technological possibilities.

The novelty of the invention also lies in the fact that due to the fact that the shape and dimensions of the cross section having the shape of a polygon change many times along the length of the screw drums, multiple periodic compression of the masses of bulk materials is ensured, which increases the intensity of mixing, the energy intensity of the collisions and the intensity of heat transfer, expands technological capabilities, provides a rational thermal regime of drying.

In addition, the novelty is due to the fact that the elements from which the screw drums are assembled are mounted at certain angles to each other, therefore the mixing intensity increases, since these elements, working as shelves, capture portions of bulk materials, direct them towards each other, on the walls of screw drums moving on the opposite side, thus violating not only the stationarity of their movement, but also providing intensive heat transfer and the expansion of technological capabilities.

The novelty is that the area and cross-sectional shape of the screw drums varies in each of its cross sections from loading to unloading, which intensifies the mixing process, increases the energy intensity of the interaction of material particles with each other and with the walls of screw drums, and expands technological capabilities.

The novelty is also due to the fact that the triangles of which the sides of the screw drums are made are mounted at some angles to each other with the formation of broken helical lines, which increases the miscibility, energy intensity and changes the frequency of interaction of material particles with each other and with the walls of the surface of the screw drums, which intensifies heat transfer, expands technological capabilities.

The novelty also lies in the fact that the cross-sectional area of the screening surface has the shape of a polygon, the area of which varies over its length from loading to unloading, providing periodic compression of the masses of bulk materials, which increases the intensity of mixing and heat transfer, expanding technological capabilities.

The novelty is due to the fact that the surface of the screw drums is equipped with four, five, six, etc. screw broken lines of equal pitch, directed towards each other along the perimeter of the screw drums, and accordingly four, five, six, etc. screw grooves inside the surface of the screw drums, also directed towards each other, which ensures the creation of directed towards each other flows of bulk materials with a maximum frequency of particle collisions with each other and with the walls of the surface of the screw drums at different angles, increases the frequency of interaction of particles of bulk materials with each other and with the walls of the drum, increases the intensity of heat transfer and expands technological capabilities.

The novelty of the invention lies in the fact that along the perimeter the surface of the screw drums along the entire length has a variable not only transverse, but also longitudinal section, which intensifies heat transfer processes and expands technological capabilities.

The novelty of the invention lies in the fact that such a design along the perimeter of the surface of the screw drums allows for consistent gradual compaction and rarefaction of flows of bulk materials as they move from loading to unloading, which increases the heat transfer processes, providing an increase in the drying speed and an increase in technological capabilities.

The novelty is also seen in the fact that the cross-sectional and longitudinal cross-sectional areas of screw drums change over their entire length many times from loading to unloading, which changes the speeds and trajectories of the movement of particles of bulk materials, expands technological capabilities, and increases the intensity of heat transfer.

The novelty also lies in the fact that along the perimeter of the screw drums there are formed broken helical surfaces directed towards each other with a variable width, concave and convex, curved in shape along the length of the screw drums, which ensures a violation of the stationary flow of particles of bulk materials, expands technological capabilities.

The novelty also lies in the fact that along the perimeter of the surface of the screw drums there are formed flat faces directed towards each other at an angle, but also towards its axis of rotation, which ensures a violation of the stationary flow of bulk materials, expands technological capabilities.

The novelty lies in the fact that along the perimeter of the surfaces of the helical drums, broken helical lines are formed, directed towards each other, which intensifies the processes of movement of bulk materials towards each other, expands technological capabilities.

The novelty is also due to the fact that the pitch of the helical lines along the perimeter of the surface of the helical drums varies along their entire length from loading to unloading, which intensifies the drying process of materials.

The novelty is that the twisting of each strip along the cuts with beveled walls in the transverse-longitudinal direction, arranged in pairs at an angle to one another on both sides of the stripes, provides additional surface curvature along the perimeter of the surface of the screw drums, thereby increasing the difference between the angles of inclination of the vectors the movement of particles of bulk materials in adjacent sections of the surfaces of the helical drums, so the particles move along complex paths, increasing the number of collisions dr ug with another and with the walls of the surface of the screw drums, which intensifies the drying process of bulk materials.

The novelty is also due to the fact that the strips from which the screw drums are mounted have a curved concave shape of variable width and are ribbed in the transverse direction with the formation of alternating faces around the surface of the screw drums, which ensures gradual rarefaction and densification of particle flows and intensifies the drying process.

The invention is illustrated by drawings, where figure 1 shows a device for continuous drying of bulk materials, General view; figure 2 is a view of figure 1; figure 3 is a view of B in figure 1; figure 4 - design of the upper pallet, General view; figure 5 is a view In figure 4; figure 6 is a strip of convex shape; Fig.7 is a section aa in Fig.6; on Fig - strip (Fig.6), rolled around its longitudinal axis; figure 9 is a strip (figure 6), rolled up on a convex mandrel; figure 10 - design of the middle pallet, General view; figure 11 is a view of figure 10; on Fig - strip concave; in Fig.13 is a section bB in Fig.12; Fig.14 is a strip (Fig.12), rolled around its longitudinal axis; on Fig - strip (Fig), rolled up on a concave mandrel.

A device for the continuous drying of bulk materials (FIG. 1, FIG. 2, FIG. 3) comprises a housing 1, including a loading 2 and an unloading 3 device, a drying chamber 4, an exhaust pipe 5, air ducts 6 of a fan (not shown) through which heat agent into the drying chamber 4. The housing 1 is made of sheet material and is separated from the housing 7 by thermal insulation 8. In the housing 1, pallets 9, 10, 11 are mounted one under the other with the possibility of rotation from a single drive 12 using gears 13, 14, 15, 16 .

The output end hole 17 of the pallet 9 is closed by a heat-insulating cover 18, which simultaneously covers the inlet 19 of the pallet 10 and allows the bulk material to move from the upper pallet 9 to the middle pallet 10, more precisely, from the outlet 17 of the pallet 9 to the inlet 19 of the pallet 10. Outlet 20 of the pallet 10 is closed by a heat-insulating cover 21, which simultaneously covers the inlet opening 22 of the pallet 11, ensuring the transfer of bulk materials from the middle pallet 10 to the lower pallet 11. Under the outlet m 23 pallets 11 mounted unloading device 3.

Pallets 9, 10, 11 are made in the form of screw drums (FIG. 4, FIG. 5, FIG. 10, FIG. 11) provided on both sides with support cylindrical support rings 24 and 25, 26 and 27, 28 and 29, on which are not only attached to the drive gears 14 or 15 or 16, but which serve as input and output holes for the passage of the dried material and its movement from one pallet to another. The support rings 24 and 25 of the pallet 9, the support rings 26 and 27 of the pallet 10, the support rings 28 and 29 of the pallet 11 are mounted to rotate in the support holes of the frame 1. Between the support rings 24 and 25, the upper pallet 9 is mounted, between the support rings 26 and 27 the middle pan 10 is mounted, between the support rings 28 and 29 the lower pan 11 is mounted.

The upper pallet 9 is made in the form of a convex screw drum 9 (Fig. 4, Fig. 5), made of strips 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35 of variable width (Fig. 6) with notches (Fig. 7), rolled up in a vertical plane in the longitudinal direction relative to its own axis of symmetry, the strips (Fig. 8) are bent along helical lines in the transverse direction on the barrel-shaped mandrel 36 (Fig. 9) and are bent along notches, with beveled walls in the transverse-longitudinal direction, located pairwise under angle to one another, on both sides of the strips, cuts are shown in Fig.7.

Since the strips 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35 have a variable width (Fig. 6), the screw drum 9 (Fig. 4, Fig. 5) has a variable longitudinal section and a variable passage section along the length of the screw drum 9. In addition, the stripes 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35 are ribbed in the longitudinal-transverse direction, forming (Fig. 4, Fig. 5) alternating faces, for example 37, 38, 39, 40, for the strip 30. When this is every two adjacent faces, for example 37 and 38, 38 and 39, 39 and 40, etc. are located at an obtuse angle to one another on the outer and inner sides of the strips, intersect with each other with the formation of helical lines of the main direction, for example 41-42-43-44-45-46-47 on the outer surface and helical grooves on the inner surface of the screw drum 9 In figure 4, figure 5 one of the helix lines of the main direction 41-42-43-44-45-46-47 is shown by a thickened line. On the outer surface of the screw drum 9, helical grooves and helical lines of the opposite direction are also formed, for example, 48-49-50-44-51-52-53 (which are also shown in FIGS. 4 and 5 by thickened lines). The helical lines along the outer surface of the helical drum 9 have the same position designations with their corresponding grooves on the inner surface, and the helical grooves and helical lines of the helical drum 9 can have a different number of starts and different steps. On the strips 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, before coagulation, incisions 54, 55 (FIG. 6, FIG. 7) are made with beveled walls arranged in pairs at an angle to one another, such as, for example, in FIG. 6, FIG. 7 by means of milling, pressure treatment and the like. The geometry and magnitude of the angles Δ, ξ, σ, τ, ν, χ of the bevels of the notches and their mutual arrangement corresponds to the number of approaches and the values of the steps of helical lines of the opposite direction. The incisions 54 and 55 create (Fig.6, Fig.7) alternately from opposite sides of each strip 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35. Then, relative to the longitudinal axis, each of the strips 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35 twist in a vertical plane relative to the longitudinal axis of the strip (Fig). On Fig shows one of the strips, twisted in a vertical plane along its longitudinal axis, with lateral edges 56 and 57 located along helical lines along the longitudinal axis. A strip, for example 30, previously twisted in a vertical plane relative to the longitudinal axis, is placed on a barrel-shaped mandrel 36 (Fig.9) and bend so that the edges 56 and 57 are placed along helical lines and in the transverse direction. After bending in the transverse direction, each strip is rotated relative to the longitudinal axis of the screw drum 9 so that its edges also form helical lines in the transverse direction of the strip with the same pitch for all strips. After that, the strip 30 is deformed and removed from the mandrel 36. The remaining strips, for example, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, are processed in a similar manner. Further, all the strips thus deformed are combined and joined by known methods, for example, welding.

The middle pallet 10 is made in the form of a screw drum 10, made of a concave shape (Fig. 10, Fig. 11), from strips 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63 of variable width (Fig. 12) with notches with beveled walls transversely -the longitudinal direction, arranged in pairs at an angle to one another on both sides of the strips (Fig. 12, Fig. 13), rolled in a vertical plane in the longitudinal direction relative to their own axis of symmetry, the strips (Fig. 14) are curved along helical lines in the transverse direction (Fig.15).

Since the strips 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63 have a variable width (Fig. 12), the screw drum 10 (Fig. 10, Fig. 11) has a variable longitudinal section and a variable passage cross section along the length of the screw drum 10 In addition, strips 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63 are ribbed in the longitudinal-transverse direction, forming (Fig. 10, Fig. 11) alternating faces, for example, 64, 65, 66, 67 for stripe 58. Moreover, every two adjacent faces, for example 64 and 65, 65 and 66, 66 and 67, etc. located at an obtuse angle to one another from the outer and inner sides of the strips, intersect with each other with the formation of helical lines of the main direction, for example, 68-69-70-71-72-73-74-75-76 on the outer surface and helical grooves along the inner surface of the screw drum 10. In figure 10, figure 11 one of the helical lines of the main direction 68-69-70-71-72-73-74-75-76 is shown by a thickened line. On the outer surface of the screw drum 10, helical grooves and helical lines of the opposite direction are also formed, for example, 77-78-79-80-81-71-82-83-84 (in Fig. 10, Fig. 11), are shown by a thickened line. The helical lines along the outer surface of the helical drum 10 have the same position designations with their corresponding grooves on the inner surface, and the helical grooves and helical lines of the helical drum 10 can have a different number of starts and different steps. On strips 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63 of concave shape (Fig. 12, Fig. 13), before cutting, cuts 85 and 86 are made with beveled walls located in pairs at an angle to one another, as, for example, in Fig. 12 13 with milling, pressure treatment, and the like. The geometry and magnitude of the angles ψ, α, β, ω, λ, φ of the bevels of the notches and their mutual arrangement corresponds to the number of approaches and the step sizes of helical lines of the opposite direction. The notches 85 and 86 create (FIG. 12, FIG. 13) alternately from opposite sides of each strip 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63. Then, relative to the longitudinal axis, each of the bands 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63 twist in a vertical plane relative to the longitudinal axis of the strip (Fig). On Fig shows one of the strips twisted in a vertical plane along its longitudinal axis, with lateral edges 86 and 87 located along helical lines along the longitudinal axis. A strip pre-twisted in a vertical plane relative to the longitudinal axis, for example, is placed on a mandrel 89 (FIG. 15) and bend so that the edges 87 and 88 are placed along helical lines and in the transverse direction. After bending in the cross section, each strip is rotated relative to the longitudinal axis of the strip so that its edges 87 and 88 form a helical line in the transverse direction of the strip with the same pitch for all strips. After that, the strip 58 is deformed and removed from the mandrel 89. The remaining strips, for example 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, are processed in a similar manner. Further, all the strips thus deformed are combined and joined by known methods, for example, welding.

The lower pallet 11 is made in the form of a convex screw drum 11 similarly to the screw drum 9. Since the screw drums are made of a convex shape 9, concave shape 10, convex shape 11 and are installed alternately under each other, this is ensured by increasing the volume of the internal spaces of the pallets 9, 10, 11 preservation of overall dimensions in height compared with the prototype due to the alternately mounted convex and concave screw drums, which by their convexity enter the concavity next to the mounted drum, such as you uklost helical drum 9 enters into the concavity of the concave of the drum 10 and the convexity of convex drum 11 enters the concavity 10 of the screw drum.

A drying cabinet operates as follows.

Known methods and devices through the ducts 6, the heat agent is supplied inside the drying cabinet 4. After heating, from the drive 12 through the gears 13, 14, 15, 16 the rotational movement is transmitted to the pallets 9, 10, 11. The bulk material enters the loading device 2, from where it flows in a continuous stream is fed into the internal cavity of the pallet 9 rotating around its own axis. The bulk material is transported through the helical lines from the load to the outlet 17. From the outlet 17 through the space closed by the heat-insulating lid 18 The material enters the opening 19 of the rotating pallet 10 and is transported through the screw grooves of the pallet 10 to the outlet 20. From the outlet 20 through the space closed by the heat-insulating cover 21, the bulk material is fed to the inlet of the pallet 11. In the pallet 11, the bulk material is transported to the outlet 23, and then discharged through an unloading device 3 outside the drying cabinet. When the pallets 9, 10, 11 rotate, the material to be dried makes a complex spatial movement along helical trajectories, it is intensively mixed. Since the surface faces of the screw drums 9, 10, 11 are mounted one to the other at different angles, along the path of the material to be dried, crest lines of the joint are created that act as lifts of the material to be dried. Therefore, during the rotation of the drums 9, 10, 11, there is not just a sliding of the dried material on the inner surface of the screw drums, but cascade movement and intensive mixing inside the screw drums, while the velocity vectors of the material change, which contributes to the intensification of the mixing and drying process. In addition, since the shape and dimensions of the sides of the cross section vary along the length of the helical drums 9, 10, 11, the disturbance in the orderliness of the material movement process, i.e. intensive mixing takes place, which leads to an increase in the drying efficiency of materials in screw drums 9, 10, 11, increases the speed of the material, creates a complex spatial movement of the flows of bulk materials and intensifies the drying process. Holes may be made in the side walls 9, 10, 11, the sizes of which are smaller than the minimum particle size of the bulk materials, however, sufficient for the heat agent to pass through these holes. Installation of air ducts 6 and supply of heat agents at a distance of 2/3 of the transport path of a single technological chain of the path of the material to be dried provides an optimal transport route with smooth heating of the bulk material coming through the charging device 2 to the drying chamber 4 to maximum temperatures and then a gradual decrease in the temperature of the bulk material when passing the remaining distance 1/3 of the entire transport path to the unloading device 3.

Technical and economic advantages arise due to the fact that along the length of the screw drums 9, 10, 11 the shape and dimensions of the cross section, having the shape of a polygon, change repeatedly, which provides multiple periodic compression of the masses of bulk materials, increases the mixing intensity, the energy intensity of the collisions and the intensity of heat transfer, expands technological capabilities, provides a rational thermal regime of drying.

Technical and economic advantages also arise due to the fact that the surface of the screw drums is equipped with four, five, six, etc. screw broken lines of equal pitch, directed towards each other along the perimeter of the screw drums, and accordingly four, five, six, etc. screw grooves inside the surface of the screw drums, also directed towards each other, which ensures the creation of directed towards each other flows of bulk materials with a maximum frequency of particle collisions with each other and with the walls of the surface of the screw drums at different angles, increases the frequency of interaction of particles of bulk materials with each other and with the walls of the drum, increases the intensity of heat transfer and expands technological capabilities.

Claims (1)

A device for the continuous drying of bulk materials containing a thermally insulated chamber, a device for loading and unloading the processed material, supply and output of a drying agent, and pallets mounted in the chamber in a chamber, rotatably mounted under each other, communicated with each other and made in the form of screw drums mounted of separate equilateral triangles, characterized in that the screw drums are convex and concave in shape, mounted alternately under each other, when ohm screw drums of a convex shape are made around the perimeter of three or more rolled up in a vertical plane and sequentially connected to each other by strips of variable width of a convex curvilinear shape, rolled up in a vertical plane in the longitudinal direction, curved along helical lines in the transverse direction and bent along the notches, with beveled walls in the transverse-longitudinal direction, arranged in pairs at an angle to one another on both sides of the strips with the formation along the perimeter of the drum directed towards to each other are broken helical lines and broken helical surfaces with the same variable pitch along the length of the drum, and helical concave drums made of strips of variable width of concave shape, rolled up in a vertical plane in the longitudinal direction, curved along helical lines in the transverse direction and bent over cuts , with beveled walls in the transverse-longitudinal direction, located at an angle to one another on both sides of the strips with the formation of a concave shape along the perimeter of the helical drum x towards each other broken helix lines and broken helical surfaces with variable pitch.

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