RU2371916C1 - Preservation method of reindeer unossified antlers using infrared radiation - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: food industry.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to primary processing of medical-and-technical raw materials, namely to preservation of reindeer unossified horns (antlers). Reindeer unossified antlers preservation method includes freezing, thermal treatment using infrared radiation spectrum till normal moisture content is reached. Unossified antlers, frozen at -20-24°C are sawn into plates 0.5-0.7 mm thick, put on reticulate cassettes (without defrosting) and thermally treated with active ventilation at wave length 1.6-2.4 mcm, 6 hours and at 45°C. After that they are left for cooling during 12 hours, plates are turned over and thermal treatment process is repeated till production with moisture content 12-19% is obtained.

EFFECT: invention provides for production of high-quality raw material with high content of biologically active substances, reduction of technological operations amount and preservation time.

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Description

The invention relates to agriculture, in particular to a technology for processing, preserving raw materials of natural origin, namely reindeer antlers, used in the pharmaceutical and food industries as raw materials for the production of medicines and biologically active food additives.

A known method of preserving antlers, including heat treatment with subsequent cooling. Moreover, the heat treatment is carried out in a steam atmosphere at a temperature increase from 35 ° C to 85 ° C for 1-1.5 minutes, and subsequent cooling is carried out at room temperature (15-20 ° C) for 2-3 minutes. Heat treatment and cooling are carried out repeatedly (USSR author's certificate No. 528915, IPC ⁶ A01N 1/02, publ. 1976). However, this method provides insufficient conservation of biologically active substances contained in antlers during their conservation.

A known method of processing and preserving antlers for the subsequent isolation of biologically active substances from them, including cleaning raw antlers from the skin, freezing the cleaned antlers at a temperature of (-3) - (- 10) ° C, grinding the antlers into pieces of 0.5-1 cm and freeze drying of the material according to standard methods. Lyophilized dried ground antlers are ground to a powder state (RU No. 2054292, IPC ⁶ A61K 35/32, publ. 02.20.96).

However, this method of processing and preserving antlers has several disadvantages. When cleaning raw antlers from the skin, a part of the biologically active substances contained in the skin is lost. The insufficient degree of antler freezing, when crushed, leads to the adhesion of particles and the formation of large conglomerates, which lengthens the drying process of the material. The standard freeze drying technique has high energy consumption and insufficient moisture removal, which increases the drying time.

A known method of preserving antlers of reindeer, including drying the antlers in three stages, in which at the first stage the antlers are heated to 68-70 ° C, dried for 4 hours at an air temperature of 70-72 ° C and conduct air drying for 48 hours repeating the cycle from 1 to 3 times. In the second stage, the antlers are heated to 65 ° C, drying with hot air is carried out at 65-68 ° C for 4 hours, ventilation drying is carried out for 48-72 hours. At the third stage, drying is carried out in a draft for 4-10 days, depending on the size of the antlers (RU No. 2034553, IPC ⁶ A61K 35/32, publ. 05/10/95).

However, this process of preserving antlers also has a long duration (more than 25 days), and in addition to this, under the influence of high temperature, part of the thermolabile biologically active substances is lost.

A known method of continuous drying of food and medicines, including drying the product in a fluidized bed with air having a temperature of 90-130 ° C and a speed of 0.8-2.0 m / s to a dry matter content of 75-90 wt.%. Semi-dry product is placed in a vacuum chamber and dried at a temperature of 25-45 ° C and a pressure of 1-10 mm Hg. to a dry matter content of 98 wt.% (International application PCT (WO) 81/01415, IPC С12N 1/18, publ. 1981)

However, this method is unacceptable for preserving antlers, because the final product in dry form loses a number of thermolabile biologically active substances under the action of high temperature.

A known method of preserving antlers, including cutting and preliminary cleaning of the skin, freezing them at a temperature of -40 ° C and storage, if necessary, at this temperature. Antlers are dried at a temperature of from -40 ° C to + 45 ° C and a pressure of 0.5 mm Hg. to a residual moisture content of 10-11%. The drying process lasts more than 24 hours (copyright certificate No. 563146, IPC ⁶ A01N 1/02, publ. 30.06.77).

However, this method of preserving and processing antlers has several disadvantages. When cleaning raw antlers from the skin, a part of the biologically active substances contained in the skin is lost.

A known method of processing and preserving antlers of deer and sika deer (RU No. 2163438, IPC ⁷ A01N 1/02, A23L 3/00, publ. 02/27/2001), including cutting antlers, freezing and storing this raw material in a frozen state, and drying it in a chamber under vacuum. Freezing is carried out in liquid nitrogen, before drying, the antlers, together with the skin, are crushed to particles no larger than 500 microns in size, drying in a chamber of frozen crushed material under vacuum is carried out in a pressure range of 0.1-10.0 mm Hg. at a temperature from (-60) to (+30) ° С to a residual moisture content of not more than 5 wt.%, and after drying, the material is additionally crushed to particles with a size of 0.1-30.0 microns.

The disadvantage of this method is that antlers are crushed, and, as you know, powder from antlers is not in demand.

A known method of preserving antlers of reindeer is a patent (RU 2034553, A61K 35/32, publ. 05/10/1995). The method consists in the phased processing of hot air at a temperature of 70-72 ° C for 4 hours, and this step is repeated 2-3 times. In the next stage, drying is carried out at a temperature of 65-68 ° C for 4 hours with pre-heating of antlers to 65 ° C, after which wind drying is carried out for 48-72 hours. This step is repeated up to 10 times depending on the size of the antlers. In the third stage, the antlers are dried in a draft of 4-10 days.

The disadvantage of this method is the length of the canning process (up to 30 days). Placement of antlers with an upward inclination of 15 ° without subsequent turning over during blood drying leads to leakage of blood through the butt part of the antlers, which in turn leads to the clarification of certain sections of the antlers and, as a result, to a decrease in the content of biologically active substances. It should also be noted that under adverse weather conditions (rain, lowering of the ambient temperature below 15 ° C, etc.) during wind drying, this method leads to an increase in the humidity of antlers, which in turn can lead to the appearance of putrefactive and moldy in them processes and, as a result, spoilage.

A known method of preserving antlers of reindeer (RU No. 2261101 from 27. 09. 2005), which consists in drying the antlers in a vacuum chamber at a temperature of 65 ° C and a vacuum value of 0.094-0.096 MPa to a loss of 35-40% humidity, followed by a decrease in temperature up to 45 ° C and drying to a residual moisture content of 12-19%.

The disadvantage of this method is the length of the canning process (6-9 days).

The closest is the method of preserving antlers (RU No. 2223105, A61K 35/32, A01N 1/02 of 02/10/2004), including applying clay to antler sections, heat treatment with infrared radiation, characterized in that antlers are exposed to negative temperatures before heat treatment at

(-4) - (- 15) ° С for 10-15 days.

The disadvantage of this method is the heat treatment after defrosting, the duration and multi-stage process.

The aim of the invention is to obtain high-quality commercial raw materials with a high content of biologically active substances, reducing the number of technological operations and the time of conservation.

The goal, uniform dark red color of the internal structure and high preservation of biologically active substances that increase the quality of products with this method of preserving antlers of reindeer, is achieved by the technological scheme of conservation, which consists in drying the antlers with infrared radiation at a temperature of 45 ° C to the standard humidity 12-19%.

The proposed method allows to obtain products that are in demand by foreign buyers, and is carried out as follows.

Antlers frozen at a temperature of –20–24 ° C are sawn into 0.5–0.7 mm thick plates, then they are unfrozen and laid out on mesh cassettes, placed in an infrared dryer and dried for 6 hours using an infrared radiation spectrum with 1 wavelength , 6-2.4 microns and active ventilation. After that, the cassettes are removed and cooling is carried out at a natural temperature of 18-20 ° C for 12 hours and the process is repeated. Before the second drying, the antlers plates are turned over. The duration of the process is 36 hours. At the end of the process, the normative humidity is 12-19%. In the process of drying the antlers, the plates are sterilized due to changes in the kinetics of biochemical reactions under the influence of heat and an external electromagnetic field with infrared wavelengths.

Organoleptic evaluation of reindeer antlers obtained by canning of the proposed method allows to obtain sterile products with a uniform dark red color over the entire surface of the antler plates, a high content of biologically active substances and the level of biological activity, which is the main criterion for evaluating biological raw materials for the pharmaceutical industry, while reducing labor costs, reducing the number of technological operations and canning time by 3-5 times and corresponds to TU - 46 RF 001-99-E and hygienic requirements for quality and safety SanPiN 2.3.2.560-96. For comparison, drying was carried out in parallel according to the prototype. The results are presented in the table.

Comparative characteristics of the biochemical parameters of canned antlers of reindeer according to the prototype and the proposed method Indicator The proposed method Prototype Macronutrients, g / kg Calcium 143.5 143.9 Phosphorus 89.9 86.7 Potassium 6.60 6.10 Sodium 5.75 4,50 Magnesium 2.27 2.16 Trace elements, mg / kg Iron 480.00 360.00 Manganese 5.00 5.00 Copper 5.60 5.00 Zinc 71.20 82.50 Fatty acids, g / kg Lauric 123 1.47 Myristine 1.17 1,08 Palmitic 36.56 32.07 Palmitooleic 4.69 2.79 Stearin 4,57 4.87 Oleic 38,20 39.48 Linoleic 1139 10.45 Linolenic 237 2.26 Peanut 1.06 1.12 Saturated 44.59 35.74 Unsaturated 56.85 54.98 Amount 101.44 90.72 Amino acids,% Tryptophan 034 0.28 Oxyproline 0,033 0,035 Isoleucine 129 6.23 Threonine 1,63 1,57 Series 0.74 0.71 Glycine 0.85 0.70 Alanya 1.01 0.98 Valine 0.80 0.52 Methionine Oj4 0.65 Methionine + cystine 1.19 1.13 Leucine 2.13 0.27 Glutamine 2,32 1,50 Phenylalanine 0.55 0.52 Lysine 2.66 2.45 Arginine 0.94 0.68 Interchangeable 7.18 4.84 Irreplaceable 10.04 7.39 Amount 17.22 13,573 Vitamins mg / kg BUT 46.50 38.93 E 7.85 6.53 B ₁ 0.78 0.52 B ₂ 2,35 1.96 B ₃ 3.56 3.13 B ₅ 40.53 35.33 B ₆ 1,57 1,03 B ₁₂ , mcg / kg 7.85 5.18

Claims (1)

A method of preserving antlers of reindeer, including freezing, heat treatment using the infrared radiation spectrum to achieve the standard humidity, characterized in that the antlers frozen at a temperature of (-20) - (- 24) ° C are sawn into plates 0.5-0.7 thick mm, then without defrosting it is laid out on mesh cassettes and heat treatment is carried out with active ventilation at a wavelength of 1.6-2.4 μm for 6 hours and a temperature of 45 ° C, left to cool for 12 hours, the plates are turned over and the heat treatment process is repeated until receiving products with a moisture content of 12-19%.