RU2261101C2 - Method for preserving of siberian deer velvet antlers - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture, in particular, reprocessing, preservation and storage of natural raw material, in particular, Siberian deer velvet antlers.

SUBSTANCE: method involves cyclic thermal processing of antlers in vacuum drier followed by cooling, with drying process being provided in two steps including first step carried out at temperature of 65°C in chamber and vacuum value of 0.094-0.096 MPa for 4 hours, followed by cooling upon expiration of indicated time at temperature of 15-20°C for 12-24 hours, with cycle of operations being repeated until removal of 35-40% of moisture, and second step, wherein temperature in chamber is reduced to 45°C and drying process is continued at the same vacuum parameters for 7 hours, with following carrying out of cooling process under conditions similar to those of the first step, and processing of raw material with the same parameters until normal moisture content is 12-19%. Method allows drying process to be reduced to 6-9 days depending on antler size and weight parameters.

EFFECT: reduced loss of biologically active substances during reprocessing and preservation of antlers, reduced time for drying of basic material and reduced labor intensity.

2 cl, 3 tbl, 2 ex

Description

The invention relates to the primary processing of medicinal and technical raw materials, namely the preservation of non-ossified antlers (antlers) of reindeer.

A known method of preserving antlers, including heat treatment with subsequent cooling. Moreover, the heat treatment is carried out in a vapor atmosphere at a temperature increase from 35 ° C to 85 ° C for 1-1.5 minutes, and subsequent cooling is carried out at room temperature (15-20 ° C) for 2-3 minutes. Heat treatment and cooling are carried out repeatedly (USSR author's certificate No. 528915, IPC ⁶ A 01 N 1/02, publ. 1976). However, this method provides insufficient preservation of biologically active substances contained in antlers during their preservation.

A known method of processing and preserving antlers for the subsequent isolation of biologically active substances from it, including cleaning raw antlers from the skin, freezing the cleaned antlers at a temperature of (-3) - (- 10) ° C, grinding the antlers into pieces of 0.5-1 cm and freeze drying of the material according to the standard method. Lyophilized dried ground antlers are ground to a powder state (RF patent No. 2054292, IPC ⁶ A 61 K 35/32, publ. 02.20.96).

However, this method of processing and preserving antlers has several disadvantages. When cleaning raw antlers from the skin, a part of the biologically active substances contained in the skin is lost. The insufficient degree of antler freezing, when crushed, leads to the adhesion of particles and the formation of large conglomerates, which lengthens the drying process of the material. The standard freeze drying technique has high energy consumption and insufficient moisture removal, which increases the drying time.

A known method of preserving antlers of reindeer, including drying the antlers in three stages, in which at the first stage the antlers are heated to 68-70 ° C, dried for 4 hours at an air temperature of 70-72 ° C and conduct air drying for 48 hours repeating the cycle from 1 to 3 times. In the second stage, the antlers are heated to 65 ° C, drying with hot air is carried out at 65-68 ° C for 4 hours, ventilation drying is carried out for 48-72 hours. In the third stage, drying is carried out in a draft for 4-10 days, depending the size of the antlers (RF patent No. 2034553, IPC ⁶ 61 K 35/32, publ. 05/10/95).

However, this process of preserving antlers also has a long duration (more than 25 days), and in addition to this, under the influence of high temperature, part of the thermolabile biologically active substances is lost.

A known method of continuous drying of food and medicines, including drying the product in a fluidized bed with air having a temperature of 90-130 ° C and a speed of 0.8-2.0 m / s to a dry matter content of 75-90 wt.%. Semi-dry product is placed in a vacuum chamber and dried at a temperature of 25-45 ° C and a pressure of 1-10 mm Hg. to a dry matter content of 98 wt.% (PCT International Application (WO) 81/01415, IPC C 12 N 1/18, publ. 1981)

However, this method is unacceptable for preserving antlers, because the final product in dry form loses a number of thermolabile biologically active substances under the action of high temperature.

A known method of preserving antlers, including cutting and preliminary cleaning of the skin, freezing them at a temperature of -40 ° C and storage, if necessary, at this temperature. Antlers are dried at a temperature of from -40 ° C to + 45 ° C and a pressure of 0.5 mm Hg. to a residual moisture content of 10-11%. The drying process lasts more than 24 hours (copyright certificate No. 563146, IPC ⁶ A 01 N 1/02, publ. 06/30/77).

However, this method of preserving and processing antlers has several disadvantages. When cleaning raw antlers from the skin, a part of the biologically active substances contained in the skin is lost. The drying process provides insufficient moisture removal, which increases the drying time.

A known method of processing and preserving antlers of red deer and sika deer, including cutting antlers, freezing and storing this raw material in a frozen state and drying it in a chamber under vacuum. Freezing is carried out in liquid nitrogen, before drying, the antlers, together with the skin, are crushed to particles no larger than 500 microns in size, drying in a chamber of frozen crushed material under vacuum is carried out in a pressure range of 0.1-10.0 mm Hg. at a temperature from (-60) to (+30) ° С to a residual moisture content of not more than 5 wt.%, and after drying, the material is additionally crushed to particles with a size of 0.1-30.0 microns. (RF patent No. 2163438, IPC ⁷ A 01 N 1/02, A 23 L 3/00, publ. 02/27/2001)

The disadvantage of this method is that the antlers are crushed, however, the whole antlers are most in demand.

The closest technical solution is a method of preserving antlers of reindeer, patent RU 2034553 A 61 K 35/32, publ. 05/10/1995, the Method consists in the phased processing of hot air at a temperature of 70-72 ° C for 4 hours, and this step is repeated 2-3 times. In the next stage, drying is carried out at a temperature of 65-68 ° C for 4 hours with pre-heating of antlers to 65 ° C, after which wind drying is carried out for 48-72 hours. This step is repeated up to 10 times depending on the size of the antlers. In the third stage, the antlers are dried in a draft of 4-10 days.

The disadvantage of this method is the length of the canning process (up to 30 days). Placement of antlers with an upward inclination of 15 ° without subsequent turning over during blood drying leads to leakage of blood through the butt part of the antlers, which, in turn, leads to the clarification of individual sections of the antlers and, as a result, to a decrease in the content of biologically active substances. It should also be noted that under adverse weather conditions (rain, lowering ambient temperature below 15 ° C, etc.) during wind drying, this method leads to an increase in the humidity of antlers, which, in turn, can lead to the appearance of antlers putrefactive and mold processes and as a result to spoilage.

The aim of the invention is to obtain raw materials with a high content of biologically active substances, reducing labor costs, the number of technological operations and the time of conservation.

The goal, which assumes a uniform distribution of blood throughout the antlers body, a uniform color of the internal structure and high preservation of biologically active substances that increase product quality with this method of preserving antlers, is achieved by the preservation process, which consists in drying the antlers in a vacuum chamber at a temperature of 65 ° C and a vacuum value of 0.094-0.096 MPa to a loss of 35-40% moisture, followed by a decrease in temperature to 45 ° C and drying to a residual moisture content of 12-19%.

The proposed method is as follows.

Example 1. Pre-thawed antlers are placed in a vacuum dryer equipped with a temperature controller, electric heating elements, a vacuum pump and a vacuum level sensor. Antlers are laid out in a horizontal position. Then, electric heating elements and a vacuum pump are turned on at a temperature of 65 ° C and a vacuum of 0.094-0.096 MPa. The drying mode is 4 hours. After this time, the electric heaters are turned off and cooled at a temperature of 15-20 ° C for 12-24 hours. The process is repeated until 35-40% moisture is removed. After that, the heating temperature is reduced to 45 ° C and dried for 7 hours, then the cooling process is repeated in the same way. With a decrease in moisture in the product up to 12-19%, the canning process is completed. The duration of canning is 6-9 days.

Example 2. Preservation is carried out analogously to example 1, but the cooling process after the first and second stage of cyclic drying is carried out using forced air supply at a speed of 10-12 m / s.

The organoleptic evaluation of antlers obtained by canning by the proposed method in terms of size, color in section and morphological features corresponds to TU-46 of the Russian Federation 001-99-E (Table 1).

A comparative analysis of biologically active substances and the level of biological activity of the products obtained by the claimed method and prototype are presented in table 2 and 3.

Analysis of the data shows that the proposed method allows to obtain products with a higher content of biologically active substances and a level of biological activity, which is the main criterion for evaluating biological raw materials for the pharmaceutical industry, while reducing labor costs, reducing the number of technological operations and canning time by 3-4 times .

application

Characteristics of antlers of reindeer, preserved according to the known and proposed methods

Table 1 Organoleptic evaluation of reindeer antlers preserved by the known and proposed methods Indicators Antlers preserved by the prototype method Antlers preserved by the claimed method 1. The color of the internal structure of the antler in the longitudinal and transverse sections. Uneven, brown with a red tint throughout the antler and processes, with areas of lightening. Uniform, brown with a red tint throughout the antler and processes, without lightening. 2.Smell Characteristic, without discrediting signs. Characteristic, without discrediting signs.

table 2 The content of mineral substances in antler reindeer, preserved according to the known and proposed methods (mg%) Indicators Prototype method The proposed method Cobalt <0.01 <0.01 Copper 0.85 1.43 Iron 51.10 89.00 Manganese 0.38 0.39 Magnesium 283.10 304.90 Nickel 0.20 0.16 Lead 0.25 025 Zinc 46.10 47.31 Strontium 6.06 6.92 Boron 3.12 3.11 Cadmium 0.033 0.023 Beryllium <0.001 <0.001 Chromium <0.4 <0.4 Selenium 0.16 0.16 Titanium <0.4 <0.4 Barium 7.19 8.88 Molybdenum 0.045 0.045 Sodium 983.00 989.50 Calcium 14787.50 17794.50 Silicon 30.45 28.70

Table 3 Characterization of extracts obtained from antler reindeer, preserved according to the known and proposed methods №№ Indicators Prototype method The proposed method 1 Fractional composition of lipids: Total lipids, g / l 0.54 1.10 Cholesterol, mmol / L 0.40 0.50 Triglycerides, mmol / L 0.22 0.86 2 Hormones: Estradiol, pg / ml 3061 4300 Follicle-stimulating, u / ml 0.11 0.21 Thyroid stimulating unit / ml 0.103 0.158 Thyroxine, nmol / L 24.35 24.49 Free thyroxine, pmol / l 12.49 5 p.m. Testosterone ng / ml 22.84 02/23 Progesterone, ng / ml 3.02 8.69 3 Biological activity according to the standard FS 42-2323-85,% 27.0 31.0

Claims (2)

1. A method of preserving antlers of reindeer, including cyclic heat treatment of antlers in a vacuum dryer, followed by cooling, characterized in that the drying is carried out in two stages, with the first stage at a temperature in the chamber of 65 ° C and a vacuum of 0.094-0.096 MPa in for 4 hours, after this time, cooling is carried out at a temperature of 15-20 ° C for 12-24 hours, and the cycle of this process is repeated until 35-40% moisture is removed, and in the second stage, the temperature in the chamber is reduced to 45 ° C and at the same vacuum parameters ayut drying for 7 hours, whereupon the cooling process is similar to the first step, and raw materials for these parameters is adjusted to regulatory humidity 12-19%, thereby reducing the drying process up to 6-9 days, depending on the size and weight of antlers. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the antlers cooling process after the first and second stages of heat drying is carried out using forced air supply at a speed of 10-12 m / s.