RU2356639C2 - Method and device for manufacture of structured surface and billet with structured surface - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: technological processes.

SUBSTANCE: during manufacture of structured surface wood grain pattern is applied on board surface (2) by means of printing method, then the first partially optically transparent coating (22) from varnish is applied on wood grain pattern. Using method of direct or indirect printing, the first coating is coated with partially optically transparent second coating (24) from varnish with spatially varied distribution of applied substance amount so that the second layer creates negative surface structure, in which surface structures that actually imitate indents are created in the form of elevations (28).

EFFECT: provides for improvement of surface structure.

39 cl, 11 dwg

Description

The product relates to a method and apparatus for manufacturing a structured surface and a workpiece with a structured surface.

The invention preferably finds application in preforms having the shape of plates, however, this is not limited to. Because all blanks can be equipped with a structured surface. However, the invention is illustrated below with an example of the manufacture of a plate, in particular for coating floors or furniture parts.

In particular, the present invention finds application in prefabricated wood materials, in particular those made from chipboard, medium density fiberboard (MDF), high density fiberboard (HDF), hard fiberboard and Oriented Strand Board (OSB -plit). Similarly, the invention can be applied to blanks made of other materials. For example, glass, polymer and mineral materials, blanks for electronics, such as boards, can be mentioned here. Fundamentally, the invention is not limited to the use of certain materials.

Similarly, the thickness of the workpiece is not a limiting feature. On the one hand, the workpiece can be made in the form of a thin thickness of several millimeters of an MDF plate. On the other hand, the workpiece may be a few centimeters thick. The condition is only the possibility of coating and ease of handling of the workpiece.

So, we are talking about the use, for example, of plate-shaped blanks as a coating for the floor or furniture parts. To this end, the surface to be varnished, after appropriate pre-treatment, is first primed in a cost-effective manner, then a pattern is applied to the printing method and finally equipped with a transparent covering layer. The applied layers may, depending on the requirements, consist of several layers, for example, in order to obtain multi-color printing or a particularly strong covering layer. Preferably, the cover layer consists of a curable varnish, in which case the cover varnish is discussed below.

Between the steps of applying various layers, the workpiece usually passes through a so-called tunnel dryer, in which at least partial curing of the layers is carried out due to the influence of thermal and / or radiant energy. Curing or, if necessary, drying is carried out in this way in the usual way using ultraviolet radiation or using electronic radiation. Along with this, technical devices for thermal radiation are known.

In order to give the surface thus prepared an authentic look, a cover layer can be structured. These structures can be matched to the pattern, for example, a surface with a wood pattern is obtained for usually porous structures.

In this case, two main methods are known.

A method called a “chemical pore” in which printing inks or a release agent are used which, on the basis of their wetting properties, cause the coating layers applied to them to tend to spread, whereby the coating layer is very thin or not at all, and thus, in the cured state, the coating forms a structure. The release agent may facilitate the penetration of the later applied overcoat layer, which will crack upon final cure, so that the desired porous structure forms as cracks on the surface.

"Mechanical pores" are obtained due to the fact that after applying the closing varnish, it only partially cures and then, before the final curing of the layer, using the extrusion rollers or pressing tape, the desired structure is created.

Using both of these methods, only unsatisfactory structures can be obtained on the coated surface in the optical plane and in terms of touch.

In this regard, the technical task of the present invention is to develop a method by which an improved structure can be achieved economically on a coated surface. Likewise, the technical challenge is to prepare a workpiece with an appropriate surface structure.

The aforementioned technical problem is initially solved by a method of manufacturing a structured surface on a plate-shaped preform, in which a first varnish coating is applied to the surface of the preform, and in which a second varnish coating is applied to the first coating with a spatially variable distribution of the amount of applied material.

Other solutions to the technical problem underlying the invention follow from the following description.

According to the invention, it turned out that the structure should not be created in the existing layer, in particular, at least partially cured layer, and the surface structure can be created using directionally variable application of the second coating. Due to the varying amount of applied material of the second coating, a surface structure is created which, in the optical plane and / or in terms of touch, gives the beholder an impression that corresponds to a simulated surface property. To this end, in a preferred manner, the first and second coatings are at least partially optically transparent.

The spatially variable amount of applied substance means, in general terms, that the applied amount of the second coating is distributed unevenly over the surface to be coated, and zones or areas with an increased amount of applied substance and a zone or area with a small or smaller amount of applied substance are provided. Since the application of the method is not limited to two-dimensional surfaces, in general, we are talking about spatial, i.e. three-dimensional distribution.

It is not necessary, but it is preferable that the first coating is a full-face coating, which thus has closing properties for the lower surface of the workpiece substrate material.

Below in the description we will discuss options for carrying out the invention, respectively, the first and second coatings. It is noted that the first coating, as well as the second coating, respectively, can itself consist of at least two separately applied layers or partial layers. In particular, the second coating may consist of two or more partial layers, the structuring of which is mutually overlapping and / or supplemented.

As a typical application of the method, for example, a wooden surface can be created, respectively imitated, by creating an appropriately colored print layer pattern located under the first and second coating and using a second layer structuring consistent with the tree pattern.

For this, the variable distribution of the applied coating material of the second coating preferably has a linear structure, which, in particular, is typical of the surface structure of a tree.

Similarly, the variable distribution of the deposited material of the second coating has a layered structure, which, under certain conditions, combines with a linear structure.

There are two possibilities for creating a surface structure. First, the surface structure of the second coating can be created in the form of a negative surface structure. In this case, surface structures that actually simulate depressions, respectively pores, are formed in the form of elevations. Such a structure, the height of which is less than 1 mm, in particular less than 0.5 mm, cannot be distinguished from the structure with recesses either by touch or by sight. A negative surface structure is created, in particular, using a linear structure.

The advantage is negative, i.e. elevated pores is the presence of better hygienic properties of the surface compared to a surface having buried pores. Since elevated structures have a tendency to significantly more retention of bad impurities than is the case with recesses. In particular, due to the small size of the pores, the buried porous structures known as laminate floor panels are very poorly cleaned or cannot be cleaned at all. Therefore, slabs with negative, elevated pores are very well suited for use in rooms with special hygiene requirements.

Preferably, the thickness of the structure of the second coating is less than 0.1 mm. It, depending on the amount of substance applied, can be in the range of less than 0.01 mm or even 0.005 mm. And these small thicknesses become noticeable in the form of a surface structure. The smaller the thickness of the structure, the less can be the amount of applied substance. Not least because of cost considerations, as a rule, the minimum thickness has the advantage, as far as possible.

Secondly, the surface structure can be made positive, while the elevated surface elements also represent actually elevated surface elevations. In this case, the surface structure is preferably created using a flat surface structure, which under certain conditions leaves free linear intermediate cavities, which, for example, appear to be pores.

Further, it is preferable when the spatially variable distribution of the amount of applied substance is made in such a way that in the areas in which the convexity is to be performed, the maximum amount of the substance is applied, while in areas in which there should not be any convexities, no either cover. This type of application is suitable, in particular, to simulate a wooden surface. Other embodiments are in an intermediate region in which, instead of the maximum or minimum coverage, an average coverage value is selected. This embodiment can be used, in particular, to simulate a stone surface when laying tiles.

Previously, the properties of the first coating and the second coating have not been described in detail, since preferably this concerned the surface structure to be created. Therefore, the material and type of application of the first and second coatings can somehow meet the surface requirements.

This means, in particular, that any materials that form layers can be used for the second coating. The method is described below mainly using the preferred use of varnish or topcoat. However, the present invention is not limited to this. So, for example, artificial resins, polymeric materials or natural substances, in particular minerals, can be used to make the second coating.

In most of the previously described examples, the second coating is applied in the form of a particularly viscous liquid. In order to prevent complete spreading of the structure, preferably after application, the second coating is at least partially cured. Furthermore, it is further preferable to minimize the time interval between the application of the second coating and curing. If, on the contrary, the second coating is applied in the form of a predominantly solid material, for example in the form of a dispersion, then the curing step may be excluded and, for example, only the drying step may be required.

Particularly preferred surface finish is achieved due to the fact that the second coating is applied in the form of varnish. In this case, in particular, a varnish can be used, which is used, however, as a closing varnish.

An advantageous property of the varnish is that the varnish is easy to process and at the same time it represents the material forming the layers.

For this, the so-called high-strength varnish is preferably used. High-strength varnish has a high proportion of solids or solids, the volume fraction of which can be from 75 to 100%. The solvent content is, for example, from 3 to 25%. The name 100% high-strength varnish is also partially used, despite the fact that at least a small fraction of the solvent must be contained before applying the varnish. Due to the high proportion of solids after curing, i.e. after evaporation of the solvent, a noticeable layer of these solids appears. Due to their low solvent content, high-strength varnishes are more viscous than other varnishes and can cure faster. Since a small fraction evaporates, a small shrinkage of the applied structure can be expected, which contributes to an accurate determination of the structuring. In addition, it is preferable that such a varnish be used in the underlying layer, since due to the same application properties, a problem-free treatment becomes possible. Just these properties make it preferable to use high-strength varnish to create a second coating.

Another advantage of the use of high-strength varnishes is that there are no problems associated with the solvent, or these problems will be insignificant, and that almost all the applied material remains on the workpiece and during drying it does not disappear a noticeable part. Another advantage of high-strength varnish is that viscosity can be adjusted over a wide range. Equally, it is preferable that a high degree of cross-linking occurs during curing of the high-strength varnish, and as a result, the second coating becomes very stable. As a result, when using high-strength varnishes, a second coating can be obtained, which forms a structured surface of the workpiece possessing resistance and having a long service life.

In particular, the varnish can be provided with nanoparticles in order to obtain a particularly good closing quality. In this regard, the described method may be suitable, in particular, for varnished surfaces. The wear resistance of the lacquer layer resulting from the addition of nanoparticles contributes to the creation of surfaces that experience significant stress. This is particularly true for floor panels.

In another preferred method, the first coating is applied as a cover layer, so that the two coatings cover the surface below. The hardening varnish of the first coating cures by 65-95%, in particular 85%, before the second coating is applied. This degree of curing allows, on the one hand, the second covering layer of varnish to be well connected with the first covering layer of varnish. On the other hand, good stability of the applied structure of the second coating is achieved, because it does not spread.

There are various options for highlighting the optical effect of the structure of the second coating. On the one hand, a setting of a different degree of gloss of the second coating relative to the degree of gloss of the first coating can be selected. It turned out that zones with a thicker layer on the finished surface of the workpiece receive a higher degree of gloss, while zones with a smaller layer thickness have a reduced degree of gloss on the finished surface of the workpiece.

On the other hand, the color of the second coating can be selected different from the color of the first coating, which allows you to enhance the optical impression of the structured surface. This means that the coatings can be either transparent, or at least partially or completely opaque. Therefore, depending on the application of the method, the surface structure can be made in a transparent form, allowing the view to pass through it, or in a form that itself creates an optical surface design.

In particular, there is the possibility of applying a second coating in the form of a colored UV curable varnish with the possibility of controlling the degree of gloss and / or color of the second coating. True, to achieve appropriate curing, a source of ultraviolet radiation is required, but with this embodiment of the method a particularly good effect is achieved.

When implementing the method, it was found that the second coating is applied using a roller having a structured, in particular extruded or mesh-coated surface. Thus, a technique that has been tested in other applications can be applied. The roller on its lateral surface has zones for accommodating more or less coating varnish, which is applied to the surface to be treated.

In accordance with the viscosity of the applied coating varnish and the time between application and setting, either only a partial spreading of the applied varnish layer occurs or no spreading occurs at all, while on the finished surface there are formed zones with a smaller amount of applied substance, which are somewhat deepened, and zones with a large amount of applied substance that have an elevation.

In another embodiment of a method for manufacturing a structured surface on a workpiece, instead of the device described above, which uses a roller for applying a substance, a digital device is used to apply a second coating. A digital application device means that the device, if individually adjustable, can apply a closing varnish to the surface of the workpiece.

In a particularly preferred embodiment of the method, a pressurized inkjet technique can be used, which is widespread, in particular in so-called inkjet printers. With this inkjet technique, very small droplets of liquid are dispensed through separately controlled nozzles, which are sprayed onto the surface in a very narrow raster.

Similarly, a digital device for applying so-called laser printing can be used. With this technique, using the laser beam, the surface of the roller is prepared in such a way that the closing varnish is placed only at predetermined places on the surface of the roller so that this varnish can then be transferred back to the surface of the workpiece.

Further, controls may be provided for the digital device for applying the substance in order to obtain a point distribution. Thus, the structure to be applied using a digital device can be defined by point distribution. Such tools are a computer or storage devices in which the point distribution is calculated or sampled and processed.

In accordance with another implementation of the method, an optical reader is provided for reading a pattern on a surface of a workpiece. The reader can be made in the form of a scanner, line camera or surface camera, while the reader is designed to continuously or partially read the surface of the workpiece. Such information about the state of the surface is transmitted to a computer, which then calculates the point distribution to be created based on the values measured by the optical reader.

If later synchronization is required between the optical surface of the workpiece and the structuring of the second coating, then the delay is calculated by the speed of movement of the workpiece relative to the reader and the distance from the device for applying the substance. Thus, it can be achieved that the optically perceived surface structure of the workpiece and the surface of the second coating perceived by touch are at least partially consistent. Further, this structure is called synchropore.

The application of a second coating using a roller and using a digital application technique has previously been described. However, the described method is not limited to this. It is possible to apply the material of the second coating in another way.

For example, the liquid material may be applied in the form of droplets or sprayed to provide a more or less dense random distribution. Likewise, a viscous fluid can be applied by the Schlieren method, in which fluid, if necessary, flows out at intervals from openings located above the workpiece.

In addition, the second coating can be applied in the form of a film, which at a separate working stage is laid and fixed on the first coating, for example, glued. Therefore, in this way, a structured second coating can be obtained.

The surface of the workpiece under both described coatings can be coated in a variety of ways.

In another embodiment of the method, under the first coating on the surface, for example, one or more subsequent coatings can be applied, which, in particular, determine the optical structure (pattern) of the surface of the workpiece:

- a layer of a substance that increases adhesion strength, having at least one layer,

a primer layer having at least one layer,

a rolling base layer having at least one layer,

- a printed layer depicting a pattern having at least one layer,

- a corundum-containing varnish layer having at least one layer, and

- a layer of grinding varnish having at least one layer.

As follows from the above description of the method, it was shown that using a quantitatively consistent application of the second coating, in particular a closing medium with subsequent curing, it is possible to obtain a high-quality, high-grade structuring of the coated surface.

If the pattern is consistent with the choice of a different amount of the applied substance for the covering layer, then a structure can be created that will coincide with this pattern. Thus, for example, a surface that has a wood pattern with a matched porous structure can be obtained. Thanks to this, the material that should be depicted with the help of a picture is better imitated. We can also talk about the so-called synchropore. In this case, again, it is preferable if the first coating and the second coating are at least partially transparent, so that the underlying pattern remains visible through both coatings.

However, it is also possible to discard the pattern, in particular the decorative printed layer, and create a painted surface with any structure by selecting an appropriately colored covering layer consisting of at least one first coating and at least one second coating.

In a preferred embodiment of the method, a UV curable varnish is used for the previously described varnish coating. However, when applying the method proposed according to the invention, all other varnishes or also artificial resins can be used if they can be used to satisfy the requirements for the finished surface of the workpiece, in particular, such as scratch resistance, wear resistance or adhesive strength.

The method has been described above, in particular for the varnished surface of the workpiece. The present invention is not limited to this. The second coating can be applied as a first coating on the laminate. In this case, it is not required to cover the surface with a second coating, but is applied as a varnish layer, the sole purpose of which is to structure the surface.

The application of the method proposed according to the invention can also be carried out on a substrate on which there is no picture directly, and on which there is, in particular, a lining having printed paper fixed by means of lamination. Such papers are known from the manufacture of laminate materials. These predominantly urea / melamine resin impregnated papers are pressed with a substrate into a layered body at elevated temperature and elevated pressure. Using the method described above, these preforms can then be provided with an additional layer, so that the layered body will receive a surface structure.

To improve the properties of the materials used for coating, they can be equipped with various additives and fillers. Thus, solid particles can be provided to improve scratch and wear resistance, or a so-called ultraviolet absorber, which prevents premature yellowing of the surface.

The aforementioned technical problem is also solved with the help of a workpiece, in particular a plate-shaped workpiece with a structured surface, in particular, made according to the previously described method. For this, the preform has a substrate material, first and second coatings, which have a spatially variable distribution of the applied substance.

Other options for the execution of the workpiece are given in the dependent claims, the result being, respectively, the same properties and advantages, as they were described using the previously described method.

The above technical problem according to the invention is also solved with the help of a device for manufacturing a workpiece with a structured surface, in particular for implementing the above method. The device has a processing station for applying a first coating to the surface of the workpiece and a processing station for applying a second coating to the first coating with a spatially variable distribution of the amount of applied material.

Other embodiments of the device according to the invention are described in the dependent claims, which are explained in more detail in the following description of preferred embodiments of the invention.

Below the invention is explained in more detail using examples of execution, for which reference is made to the accompanying figures, which represent:

figure 1 is a schematic illustration of a device for manufacturing a structured surface on plate-shaped blanks, which shows the location of the rollers for applying the substance;

figure 2 - schematic representation of the roller, which is applied to the substance, for the direct application of the second coating;

figure 3 - schematic representation of the roller, which is applied to the substance, for the indirect application of the second coating;

4 is a schematic illustration of a roller with which a substance is applied, with a profiled squeegee for direct application of a linear second coating;

5 is a schematic illustration of a device for manufacturing a structured surface on plate-shaped blanks with a digital device for applying a substance;

figa, b is a schematic representation of a first embodiment of a structured surface;

figa-c is a schematic illustration of a second embodiment of a structured surface;

Fig. 8 is a schematic illustration of a third embodiment of a structured surface.

Figure 1 in a schematic view shows a device for manufacturing a structured surface on a workpiece, which in this case is made in the form of a plate 2. If the following describes the application of the method on a plate-shaped workpiece, this does not mean that the present invention is limited to this type of workpieces .

Several plates 2, in this case, for example, blanks for flooring or furniture parts, are located on the conveyor 4, which are individually moved through a number of different processing stations. The direction of transportation carried out from left to right, figure 1 is indicated by an arrow. Instead of several individual slabs 2, a workpiece occupying a large area or an endless blank can be processed, which, according to the processing described below, is divided into separate slabs 2.

The processing positions 6 and 8 shown in FIG. 1 have in common that they are respectively coated with one coating. In the presented embodiment, both coatings consist of the same varnish. However, the invention is not limited to this; coatings of various materials may also be applied at processing positions. So, along with varnishes, paints or artificial resins can be applied.

It is also possible that there is only a treatment position 8 in which a second coating is applied to a first coating already connected to the workpiece 2, such as a laminate coating.

At treatment position 6, the first, essentially full-faceted varnish coating is applied. For this, the treatment position has a roller 10 for applying a substance, with which a uniform layer of varnish is applied to the surface of the plate 2. In the device 12 for the subsequent processing, which is located next to it, the coated coating is at least partially dried and cured. The device 12 for subsequent processing can use for drying and curing thermal air flow or electromagnetic radiation, in particular ultraviolet radiation. Further, the device 12 for subsequent processing has the appropriate means for generating heat air flow or radiation.

At position 8 of the treatment, the varnish coating is applied directly by means of a substance roller 14, while the amount of applied material varies spatially. Thanks to this, the planned structuring of the top layer of varnish is carried out. In this case, the spatial structuring of the varnish layer is created, in particular, using an engraved roller, on the surface of which various sections with different levels of height are made.

To obtain individual recesses, the so-called cups of various depths, most often in the form of rhombuses, the surface of the engraved roller is usually processed using incisors or engraving. When printing, ink or varnish is applied that enters the recesses so that when transferred to another medium, it passes from the recesses to the surface of the medium.

In the post-treatment device 16, which is subsequently turned on, the last coating is at least partially cured, thereby fixing a spatially different patterning before spreading occurs. At this stage of curing, under certain conditions, the curing of the coating located below, applied at the first position 6 of the coating treatment, that has not yet been completed, can occur.

Preferably, if both layers of varnish consist of the same varnish, as this facilitates the connection of both coatings. In contrast, various compositions of both coatings can be selected, for example, to identify and enhance the surface effect of structuring. The difference may be, for example, in the color of both coatings or in the degree of gloss.

Figure 2 shows a roller 14 for applying a substance, with which a direct printing method is applied to apply varnish to the surface of the plate 2. The arrow again shows the direction of movement of the plate 2. The structured side surface 15 of the roller 14 for applying the substance (structuring cannot be seen in the details) takes varnish, while the amount of varnish L is regulated using a doctor blade 17. When the roller 14 for applying the substance rotates, the varnish is structured, which is directly transferred with a spatially variable distribution on the surface of the plate 2. In this regard, this method is also called the direct printing method.

Figure 3 shows a similar roller 14, which, because of its design, is not directly used as a roller for applying the substance, and the varnish on it is first transferred to individual rollers 19, which have a preferably elastic, predominantly rubberized surface of the rollers. The varnish transferred from the roller 14 by the application rollers 19 is then applied to the surface of the plate 2. The remainder of the varnish L is subsequently removed by another squeegee 21 before the new varnish 21 is transferred from the roller 14. This method also called indirect printing method.

Figure 4 shows another embodiment of the device rollers for applying the substance with which the application is carried out. Here, on the platen 14 for applying a substance having a smooth surface, with the help of a profiled squeegee 17, separate bundles of varnish are applied. In this case, after applying to the surface of the plate 2, a linear structure is obtained. The density of the varnish tows, the distance between them can be freely selected by adjusting the profiling. In addition, using a predominantly oscillating movement of the doctor blade across the direction of movement of the plate 2, it is possible to create a wave arrangement of the varnish tows on the surface of the plate.

Another embodiment of the squeegee device is that instead of one profiled squeegee 17, two equally shaped squeegees are provided. If both squeegees are oriented one after the other, in this case the varnish tows are applied to the surface of the roller. If both squeegees are shifted relative to each other, then the application of varnish tows stops. Due to the directional displacement relative to each other, discontinuous structures can be obtained.

Figure 5 shows another embodiment of a device for manufacturing a structured surface on a plate 2, which instead of the above device with rollers has a digital device 30 for applying a second coating. In the presented example, an inkjet printing technique is used, which, in particular, is widely used for so-called inkjet printers. 5, a line is indicated under the device for applying the substance, which means a series of drip jets. It is assumed that the device for applying the substance line by line applies varnish across the direction of movement of the plate 2. In the same way, it is possible to accordingly treat the surface with droplets in order to increase the rate of application of the substance.

Next, the computer 31 as a means of controlling a digital device for applying the substance when creating a point distribution is connected to the device 30. The computer 31 performs the initial processing of digital control information and transfers it to the device for applying the substance.

To a digital device for applying a substance, as before, to other devices for applying a substance, a device 32 for further processing is connected in order to dry and at least partially cure the previously applied second coating.

Further, the method preferably provides a reader 34 for reading a surface pattern on the surface of the plate 2 or, if necessary, on the first coating. During operation, the optical reader collects information about the state of the surface and transmits the collected data to the computer 31. Next, the computer 31, based on the data measured with the optical reader 34, calculates the point distribution to be created. Then it is applied using a digital device 30 for applying the substance as a second coating.

Optical reader can be made in the form of a scanner, line camera or flat camera. In each case, the goal is to read the surface using an optical reader with a resolution, respectively, to evaluate the data obtained with a resolution with which the digital device for applying the substance must apply a structured second coating.

By means of a delay depending on the speed of movement of the plate 2 and on the distance between the optical reader 34 and the digital device 30 for applying the substance, it can also be achieved that the digital device 30 for applying the substance applies a structured second coating to the surface so that the surface structure at least partially consistent with the optical sample. In other words, this way can be achieved synchronous in terms of touch and external effect surface design of the plate 2.

Next, in Fig. 1, it is shown that the surface of the plates 2 is coated with both the previously described coatings by the treatment positions 6 and 8 and the other treatment positions 18 and 20. These can be, in particular, varnish layers with whose two-color surface a pattern is created. Processing positions 18 and 20 are similar to the previously described devices for applying the substance and devices for subsequent processing, so that there is no need for a more detailed description thereof.

Pre-lacquering is a particularly preferred embodiment, so the manufactured surfaces have a full varnish coating and can thus be manufactured on the installation. Pre-varnishing can be done at both treatment positions 18 and 20, as well as at any other coating plants. In particular, an installation may be provided for coating with a laminate or veneer, which are then provided at the processing positions 6 and 8 with the previously described coatings.

Another preferred embodiment of the device is that at both processing positions 18 and 20, a pattern that changes on a plane, such as a tree, is applied. Further, both rollers for applying the substance at the treatment positions 18 and 20 are synchronized so that it is possible to apply a color pattern corresponding to each other and complementing each other. In addition, the engraved roller 14 is provided with surface engraving, the imprint of which is also consistent with the imprints applied at positions 18 and 20 of the processing. Further, the rotation of the engraved roller 14 is thus synchronized with the rotation of the rollers for applying the substance at the treatment positions 18 and 20, so that the spatially varying distribution of the second coating is consistent with the imprint applied at the treatment positions 18 and 20. In this way, a varying distribution of the uppermost lacquer layer synchronized with the printed pattern can be achieved, for example a porous structure corresponding to a tree pattern.

Of course, other processing positions can be added to the described treatment positions 18 and 20.

Figures 6a and 6b show a first embodiment of a structured surface of a plate 2. A first coating 22, consisting of varnish or other material, is fully applied to the material of the plate 2. The first coating 22 is then coated with a second coating 24, which has a spatially variable distribution of the amount of applied substance. In this case, the change means a porous structure, which, for example, should imitate the pattern of a tree. The pores in this case are made in the form of elongated recesses 26, as can be seen, in particular, from the enlarged image in Fig.6b. The second coating 24 thus consists of zones that are not in the form of a recess.

The pores 26 in this schematic image are generally in cross section in the form of rectangles with slightly rounded edges. In practice, however, a recess may occur which differs substantially from a rectangular shape, since the regions of the second coating 24 in the marginal zones of the recesses 26 partially spread before curing. In this regard, rounded corners may form in actual recesses.

6a, the spatial distribution of the amount of applied material of the second coating forms a porous structure, the pores of which depict the actual depressions in the coating 24. Such a structure may also be called a positive surface structure.

On figa-7c shows a similar surface structure of the second coating 24, the pores of which are made in the form of elevations 28. In this regard, such a surface structure may also be called a negative surface structure. Thus, the pores actually expected in the form of a depression are made in the form of elevations. As noted above, the size of the structure is so small that the user, under normal viewing, cannot distinguish between a negative surface structure and a positive surface structure.

Thus, the second coating 24 consists of zones that have been applied in the form of elevations, i.e., for example, as negative pores. Therefore, the surface distribution of the second coating is significantly less than in the first embodiment according to figa and 6b.

In particular, FIG. 7b shows an enlarged cross-sectional image of a negative pore. As already described with respect to the cross section of the positive pore according to FIGS. 6a and 6b, here the cross sectional shape of the pore is shown with rounded edges. This form should be expected if the applied varnish partially spreads on the formed edges before curing.

Fig. 7b shows a continuous course of elevation, respectively, of the negative pore 28. In Fig. 7c, in contrast, a substructure formed inside the deposited negative pore 28 is shown. This substructure consists of separate individual elevations 29 located at a distance from each other, which are formed due to the described above the technique of applying the substance.

Firstly, this substructure can be formed when applied using a embossed or cut pattern on the side surface of the roller, i.e. if the surface has separate cells that give off correspondingly the varnish contained in them. Since the cells are at a distance from each other, the droplets of varnish given away are located on the first coating at a distance from each other, thus leading to a substructure.

Secondly, such a structure can be formed when using a digital device for applying a substance. Since here, the first coating 22 also contains varnish in the form of droplets, so that depending on the distance between the droplets, a more or less pronounced substructure is formed on the surface of the first coating 22.

On figs depicts a separate elevation of a rectangular shape. And in this case, the above-mentioned effect of partially advancing spreading before curing takes place, so that, based on this, individual elevations at least partially spread to each other. In this case, this effect appears the more, the closer the individual elevations are located to each other, as is the case for the previously described general porous structure according to Fig.7b.

On Fig as an example shows a geometric pattern of spatially variable distribution of the amount of applied substance of the second coating. The depicted sample is a diamond-shaped sample that has towering and recessed rhombuses. With this form of spatial distribution, there may be no difference between the negative and positive structures, which have an equal number of both elevated and buried areas.

The following are possible research methods by which studies of the surface structure described above can be carried out. In this case, we can talk about the possibility of perception and recognition of structures in the range from 0.01 mm.

The method is based on the principle of well-known profilometry with optical triangulation, with the relative movement from the measuring cell and the measuring object is assumed. The principle of operation is that the area to be measured on the surface is linearly illuminated by an appropriate light source (laser) and light stripes reflected from the object are recorded using a plane camera. In this case, the planar light normals and the camera are inclined to each other at a triangulation angle. In this case, the camera perceives the projection line in the form of a horizontal simulating the contour of the test sample, according to the coordinates of which and the corresponding location, a three-dimensional profile can be calculated. The resolution of the prior art achieves vertical accuracy of less than 0.1 μm.

Using this method, the structured surface of the second coating can be investigated and analyzed.

Microscopic analysis of the surface structure is likewise possible.

Claims (39)

1. A method of manufacturing a structured surface on a plate-shaped billet of wood materials for use as flooring or furniture parts, in which
a wood pattern is applied to the surface of the workpiece by printing;
the first, at least partially optically transparent lacquer coating on the surface of the workpiece is then applied to the wood pattern and
using the direct or indirect printing method, an at least partially optically transparent second lacquer coating is applied to the first coating with a spatially variable distribution of the amount of applied material so that the second layer forms a negative surface structure in which surface structures that actually simulate depressions are formed in form of elevations. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the elevations of the negative surface structure are made in the form of a linear structure. 3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, in which a second coating is applied provided with nanoparticles. 4. The method according to claim 1 or 2, in which the first coating is applied in the form of a covering varnish equipped with nanoparticles. 5. The method according to claim 1 or 2, in which the varnish is a high-strength varnish. 6. The method according to claim 1 or 2, in which the varnish of the first coating is cured by 65-95%, mainly 85%, before applying the second coating. 7. The method according to claim 1 or 2, in which the degree of gloss of the second coating is different from the degree of gloss of the first coating. 8. The method according to claim 1 or 2, in which the second coating is applied in the form of a pigmented varnish, cured with ultraviolet radiation to control the degree of gloss and / or color of the second coating. 9. The method according to claim 1 or 2, in which the second coating is cured after application. 10. The method according to claim 1 or 2, in which the second coating is applied using a structured or coated mesh, in particular with embossing or cutting a roller with a side metal surface. 11. The method according to claim 1 or 2, in which the second coating is applied with a roller with a smooth rubberized or metal side surface, while the closing varnish on the side surface is distributed using a profiled squeegee. 12. The method according to claim 1, wherein the second coating is applied using a digital device for applying a substance. 13. The method according to item 12, in which the second coating is applied using the inkjet printing method or laser printing method. 14. The method according to item 12 or 13, in which the second coating is applied with a preset point distribution. 15. The method according to item 12 or 13, in which the second coating is applied with a point distribution, with the generation of random numbers. 16. The method according to item 12 or 13, in which
the surface pattern of the preform or first coating is read using an optical reader,
from the values measured by the optical readers, the point distribution to be created is calculated and
the second coating is applied with a calculated point distribution using a digital device for applying the substance. 17. The method according to claim 1 or 2, in which before applying the first coating is applied one or more of the following one after another coatings on the surface:
a layer of a substance that increases adhesion strength, having at least one layer,
a primer layer having at least one layer,
a printed layer depicting a pattern having at least one layer,
a rolling base layer having at least one layer,
a corundum-containing varnish layer having at least one layer, and
a layer of grinding varnish having at least one layer. 18. The method according to claim 1 or 2, in which the amount of applied substance for the second coating is adjusted so that the thickness of the structure of the second coating is less than 0.1 mm 19. The method according to claim 1 or 2, in which the second coating is applied with a recess, which is aligned with the pattern of wood obtained by printing. 20. A blank having the form of a plate of wood materials for use as a floor covering or furniture parts with a structured surface, in particular, made according to the method according to one of claims 1-16,
with a substrate material made of wood materials;
with the applied printing method on the substrate material with a tree pattern;
then coated on the wood pattern with a first at least partially optically transparent lacquer coating and
with an at least partially optically transparent second coating formed from varnish, which, with a spatially variable distribution of the amount of applied substance, is applied directly or indirectly to the first coating and forms a negative surface structure in which the surface structures of the wood pattern, which actually simulate the recesses formed in the form of elevations. 21. The workpiece according to claim 20, characterized in that the variable distribution of the applied substance of the second coating forms a linear structure (26, 28). 22. The workpiece according to claim 20 or 21, characterized in that the elevations (29) of the second coating have a substructure consisting of separate elevations (29) located at a distance from each other. 23. The workpiece according to one of paragraphs.20 or 21, characterized in that the second coating has nanoparticles. 24. The workpiece according to claim 20 or 21, characterized in that the first coating consists of a closing varnish with nanoparticles. 25. The workpiece according to claim 20 or 21, characterized in that the degree of gloss of the second coating is made different from the degree of gloss of the first coating. 26. The workpiece according to claim 20 or 21, characterized in that when applying the first coating provides one or more of the following one after another surface coatings:
a layer of a substance that increases adhesion strength, having at least one layer,
a primer layer having at least one layer,
a printed layer depicting a pattern and having at least one layer,
a rolling base layer having at least one layer,
a corundum-containing varnish layer having at least one layer, and
a layer of grinding varnish having at least one layer. 27. The workpiece according to claim 20 or 21, characterized in that the thickness of the structure of the second coating is less than 0.1 mm 28. The workpiece according to claim 20 or 21, characterized in that the second coating is applied with a spatial distribution, which is aligned with the wood pattern applied by printing. 29. A device for the manufacture of a structured surface on a plate-shaped blank of wood materials for use as flooring or furniture parts, containing
at least one position (18, 20) for applying a tree pattern by printing;
at least one treatment position (6) for then applying to the wood pattern a first at least partially optically transparent lacquer coating on the surface of the plate-shaped preform, and
one treatment position (8) for applying directly or indirectly to the first coating, at least partially optically transparent second varnish coating with a spatially variable distribution of the amount of applied substance so that the second layer forms a negative surface structure in which surface structures tree patterns, actually imitating recesses, are formed in the form of elevations (28). 30. The device according to clause 29, wherein the processing position (8) for applying the second coating has a subsequent processing device (16) for drying and / or curing the second coating. 31. The device according to clause 29 or 30, characterized in that the processing position (6) for applying the first coating has a subsequent processing device (12) for drying and / or curing the first coating. 32. The device according to clause 29, wherein the processing position (8) for applying the second coating includes a roller (14) for applying a substance that has a surface structure to create a negative structure. 33. The device according to p, characterized in that using the roller (14) for applying the substance is a direct printing method or an indirect printing method. 34. The device according to clause 29 or 30, characterized in that the position (8) for applying the second coating has a roller (14) with a smooth rubberized or metal side surface, and a profiled squeegee (17) is provided for distributing the closing varnish on the side surface . 35. The device according to clause 29, wherein a digital device for applying a second coating is provided. 36. The device according to clause 35, wherein the digital device for applying the substance is made in the form of an inkjet printer or a laser printer. 37. The device according to p. 35 or 36, characterized in that means are provided for creating a point distribution for controlling a digital device for applying a substance. 38. The device according to clause 37, wherein an optical reader is provided for scanning the surface pattern of the workpiece surface, and that means for creating a point distribution based on the values measured by the optical reader calculates the point distribution to be created. 39. The device according to clause 29 or 30, characterized in that at least one processing position (18, 20) is provided for applying one or more layers under the first surface coating.

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