RU2348169C2 - Farm animal and bird feeding method - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: proposed farm animal and bird feeding method envisages inclusion of wheat-germ powder with a specified content of macroelements, microelements and vitamins, in the animals' and birds' daily diet. The wheat-germ powder is admixed to the regular fodder in accordance with the basic feeding schedules and procedures.

EFFECT: reduction of expenditures related to fodder procurement; DWG increase; farm animals and birds reproductivity improvement; basic fodder digestibility enhancement.

21 tbl, 15 ex

Description

The invention relates to feed additives based on plant materials and can be used in diets for the commercial cultivation of farm animals and poultry.

The search for new sources for the preparation of feed additives is always relevant.

Vitamins, hormones, specific serums, amino acids are often used as feed additives.

An urgent task is to create feeds balanced for protein, carbohydrates, lipids, micro and macro elements, vitamins and other biologically active compounds, providing high animal productivity and low feed costs per unit of output.

Known drug VITAROST, developed by the Siberian branch of the GNU VNIIZ and obtained from traditional by-products of flour and cereal production (cereals, legumes and oilseeds).

Feedland Group feed additives for farm animals are known, for example, Natugrain Vit, a specialized enzyme preparation for wheat-barley diets.

Known feed additive containing the mother liquor of sodium humate (RF patent No. 2248131).

A known method of feeding farm animals and poultry, including feeding a feed additive containing in its composition metabolites of the animal organism - inosine, guanosine, hypoxanthine, adenosine or their analogues (RF patent for the invention No. 2265367).

A known method of feeding farm animals and poultry, including the introduction into the main diet of the biologically active feed additive "Firtex" - fir extract (RF patent for the invention No. 2270579).

It is known to use wheat germ flour as a feed additive for animals and poultry (journal "Storage and processing of grain." 07/12/2000, article "Integrated processing of wheat to produce biologically active products").

A known method of farm animals and poultry, including the addition of a plant-derived additive to the main diet (A. Vishnyakov et al. Flour of wheat germ in mixed feeds. Combined feed magazine, No. 4, 2003, p.41-42) - prototype.

The objective of the invention is to increase the efficiency of growing livestock and poultry, increase daily gain, improve the reproductive function of animals and birds, improve the digestibility of the main diet.

To solve this problem, a method for feeding farm animals and poultry is proposed, which includes adding to the main diet flour from wheat germ with a content of macronutrients in%:

Calcium - 4.93

Phosphorus - 1.36

Sodium - 0.18

Magnesium - 0.39

Potassium - 0.09

Trace elements, mg / kg:

Manganese - 202

Iron - 122

Zinc - 250.8

Copper - 18.5

Selenium - 0.51

Lithium - 1.6

Chrome - 0.24

Vitamins, mg / kg:

B ₁ - 5.25

In ₂ - 2.42

B ₃ - 15.96

B ₅ - 55.91

B ₆ - 7.75

B ₁₂ - 0.003

E - 72 μg / g,

while the flour from wheat germ is set in the main feed according to the schemes to the main diet in%:

chickens 1-7 days of age - 0.5-27.0;

chickens 8-28 days of age - 0.5-25.0;

broilers of 8-28 days of age - 0.5-25.0;

broiler chickens 28-44 days of age - 0.5-23.0;

broiler parent flock - 0.5-20.0;

laying hens - 0.5-25.0;

young geese - 0.5-27.0;

fattening geese - 0.5-25.0;

the parent herd of geese - 0.5-25.0;

young turkeys - 0.5-27.0;

fattening turkeys - 0.5-28.0;

the parent herd of turkeys - 0.5-27.0;

sucking piglets 1-7 days of age - 0.5-25.0;

weaned piglets - 0.5-25.0;

sows - 0.5-30.0;

boars - 0.5-30.0;

calves - 0.5-25.0;

dairy cows - 0.5-35.0;

to pregnant cows - 0.5-30.0;

dry cows - 0.5-30.0;

bulls - 0.5-35.0.

The use of flour from wheat germ in the main diet for feeding farm animals and poultry eliminates expensive additives from the diet, which can significantly save the cost of purchasing feed.

The composition of flour from wheat germ includes protein (more than 20%, carbohydrates (about 37-40%) calcium, B vitamins, vitamins A, E and other macro- and microelements necessary for full growth.

The advantages of flour from wheat germ should also include the fact that it regulates the metabolism and increases the enzymatic activity of the main nutrients.

When flour from wheat germ is added to the diet of farm animals and poultry, daily weight gain increases, feed consumption per kilogram of weight gain is reduced, reproductive function is increased, and the digestibility of the main diet is improved.

Wheat germ is obtained by any known method for preparing grain for grinding from dry and / or re-peeling by-products by sieving it on a sieve and cleaning the sieve passage in a vertical air flow, the isolated germ is separated on a sieve into a fine and similar coarse pass fraction, a large germ fraction subjected to further purification in a vertical air stream.

Flour or cereal is prepared from the obtained embryo by any known method, for example, according to the method of the applicant (RF patent No. 2281319).

Table 1 shows the content of vitamins and minerals in the flour of wheat germ.

Table 1 Macronutrients % Potassium 0.09 Phosphorus 1.36 Sodium 1.18 Magnesium 0.39 Calcium 4.93 Trace elements mg / kg Manganese 202.0 Iron 122.0 Zinc 250,0 copper 18.5 Selenium 0.51 Lithium 1,6 Chromium 0.24 Vitamins mg / kg IN 1 5.25 IN 2 2.42 IN 3 15.96 AT 5 55.91 AT 6 7.75 AT 12 0.003 E 72.0 mcg / g

The following are examples of feeding farm animals and poultry with the addition of wheat germ or processed products to the main diet, for example wheat germ flour.

Example 1. Experience in broiler chickens. Six groups of Smena cross broilers were formed (six buildings of the poultry farm), two experimental groups (first and second) and four control groups (third, fourth, fifth and sixth). The experimental groups received a diet with the addition of wheat germ flour from 0.5 to 27.0% of the main diet. Control groups received a normal diet without adding wheat germ flour.

The results of the control weighing (grams) are given in table.2.

table 2 Group number Diet 7 days 14 days 21 day 28 days 35 days 44 days one With the addition of wheat germ flour 125 302 587 948 1349 1680 2 With the addition of wheat germ flour 127 305 600 957 1378 1684 3 normal 117 277 600 947 1340 1572 four normal 125 290 581 946 1340 1605 5 normal 117 300 564 923 1337 1512 6 normal 123 293 538 943 1320 1606

Table 3 shows the effectiveness of the proposed method for feeding broiler chickens.

Table 3 Indicators Control groups (traditional cultivation, average) Experienced groups (average) Live weight of a bird, g 1573.75 1682,00 The safety of the livestock,% 94.00 97.00 Feed costs per 1 kg of live weight gain 2.45 2,30 Five-point carcass pigmentation, score 3,50 4,50 The accumulation of vitamin A in the liver, mcg / g 199.6 ± 13.7 335.4 ± 15.4

According to the data in Table 3, the use of the proposed method allowed us to obtain higher results for all studied parameters than in the control.

Example 2. The experience on laying hens.

Five groups were formed (five buildings of the poultry farm).

Table 4 shows the productive indicators of laying hens for six months of experience. As a control, data are given before the experiment.

Table 4 Group Live weight, g Average egg production per hen Average egg weight, g The average egg mass, g Before experience For 6 months of experience one 1310 ± 50 1370 ± 30 22.0 ± 0.4 47.7 ± 0.4 1027.0 ± 40 2 1300 ± 30 1400 ± 60 23.7 ± 0.3 48.4 ± 0.4 1147.1 ± 50 3 1308 ± 40 1402 ± 40 23.7 ± 0.6 48.6 ± 0.6 1151.8 ± 60 four 1300 ± 30 1590 ± 50 24.0 ± 0.5 50.1 ± 0.5 1352.7 ± 40 5 1b06 ± 50 1490 ± 30 23.9 ± 0.6 48.8 ± 0.6 1163.3 ± 50

According to the data in Table 4, the use of the proposed method allowed to obtain higher results for all studied parameters than in the control.

Example 3. Experience on young geese.

Table 5 shows the effectiveness of the proposed method for feeding young geese.

Table 5 Indicators Control groups (traditional cultivation, average) Experienced groups (average) Live weight of a bird, g 1873.75 1982,00 The safety of the livestock,% 94.0 97.00 Feed costs per 1 kg of live weight gain 3.15 2.65 Five-point carcass pigmentation, score 3,5 4,50 The accumulation of vitamin A in the liver, mcg / g 199.6 ± 13.7 335.4 ± 15.4

According to the data in Table 5, the indicators of the experimental group are higher than the indicators of the control group.

Example 4. Experience on geese for fattening.

Table 6 shows the effectiveness of the proposed method on geese during fattening. Two groups were formed (experimental and control) of 250 goals in each group. The experimental group was fed wheat germ flour in addition to the diet. The control group was fed a standard flour mixture to the main diet.

Table 6 Indicators Control group Experienced group Number of goals 250 250 Duration of feeding, days 180 180 Live weight of the bird, (average), kg 7.35 8.50 Livestock safety 94.00 97.00

As the data in table 6 show, the indicators of the experimental group are higher than the indicators of the control group

Example 5. Experience in the parent herd of geese.

Feeding of geese of the parent herd was controlled by live weight, productivity, quality of hatching eggs and hatchability of young animals.

Table 7 shows the performance indicators of the proposed method when feeding geese of the parent herd.

Two groups were formed (experimental and control) of 250 goals in each group. The birds of the experimental group were fed wheat germ flour to the main diet according to the proposed method. The control bird received a basic diet with standard additives.

Table 7 Indicators (average) Control group Experienced group Live weight of geese, kg 6.5 7.2 Egg production, pcs./year 88.0 92.0 The quality of the hatching eggs,% 92.1 96.1 Hatchability of young animals,% 95.0 97.0

As can be seen from table 7, the indicators of the experimental group are higher than the indicators of the experimental group.

Example 6. Experience in young turkey.

Table 8 shows the effectiveness of the proposed method on young turkey.

Table 8 Indicators Control groups (traditional cultivation, average) Experienced groups (average) Live weight of a bird, g 3800,00 4000,00 The safety of the livestock,% 94.0 97.00 Feed costs per 1 kg of live weight gain 3.15 2.65 Five-point carcass pigmentation, score 3,5 4,50 The accumulation of vitamin A in the liver, mcg / g 199.6 ± 13.7 335.4 ± 15.4 Feeding period, days 120.00 120.00

As can be seen from table 8, the indicators of the experimental group are higher than the indicators of the control group.

Example 7. Experience in turkeys for fattening.

Table 9 shows the effectiveness of the proposed method in the experience of feeding turkeys for fattening.

Two groups were formed (experimental and control) of 250 goals in each group. The birds of the experimental group were fed wheat germ flour to the main diet according to the proposed method. The control bird received a basic diet with standard additives.

Table 9 Indicators Control group Experienced group Number of goals 250 250 Duration of feeding, days 180 180 Live weight of the bird, (average), kg 7.35 8.50 Livestock safety 94.00 97.00

As can be seen from table 9, the indicators of the experimental group are higher than the indicators of the control group.

Table 10 shows the effectiveness of the proposed method for feeding turkeys of the parent herd.

Two groups were formed (experimental and control) of 250 goals in each group. The birds of the experimental group were fed wheat germ flour to the main diet according to the proposed method. The control bird received a basic diet with standard additives.

Table 10 Indicators (average) Control group Experienced group Live weight of turkeys, kg 7.6 8.6 Egg production, pcs./year 88.0 92.0 The quality of the hatching eggs,% 92.1 96.1 Hatchability of young animals,% 95.0 97.0

Example 8. The experience on suckling pigs.

Two groups were formed (control and experimental) with 14 goals in each group.

Table 11 shows the effect of the proposed method on the productivity of sucking pigs.

Table 11 Group The number of goals in the group Before the experience (age 7 days) After the experiment (age 60 days) Total weight kg The average weight of 1 head, kg Total weight kg Average weight The average daily gain, g Control fourteen 31.87 2.28 214.76 15.34 253.0 Experienced fourteen 31.26 2.24 238.74 17.06 281.0

Example 9. The experience on weaned pigs.

Two groups were formed (control and experimental) with 9 goals in each group.

Table 12 shows the effect of the proposed method on the productivity of weaned piglets.

Table 12 Group Number of goals Before the experience (age 60 days) After the experiment (age 120 days) Total weight kg The average weight of one head, kg Total weight kg The average weight of one head, kg The average daily gain, kg Control 9 135.98 15.11 225.86 25.10 178.0 Experienced 9 136.04 15.12 249.12 27.68 223.0

According to the data in Table 12, the use of the proposed method allowed to obtain higher results for all studied parameters than in the control.

Example 10. Experience in sows.

Using the proposed method in the diets of pregnant sows carried out on the principle of approximate analogues. Two groups were formed (experimental and control) with six goals in each group. Sows of the experimental group 45 days before the proposed survey in addition to the main diet were fed wheat germ flour from 0.5 to 30% of the main diet. The sows of the control group were fed a normal diet without adding wheat germ flour.

Tables 13 and 14 show the effect of the proposed method on the clinical and immunological parameters of pregnant sows.

Table 13 Indicators of animals of the control group Sows one 2 3 four 5 6 Number of Piglets in Farrowing 12 fourteen 10 9 12 10 Live weight at birth, kg 0.97 1,1 1,52 1,56 0.98 1.13 Live weight in 30 days 4.92 5.38 6.72 6.13 4.87 5.23 The average daily gain in live weight, g 107 112 174 152 99 137 Piglets left 9 9 9 7 10 7

Table 14 The indicators of the animals of the experimental group Sows one 2 3 four 5 6 Number of Piglets in Farrowing 9 9 10 fourteen 10 9 Live weight at birth, kg 1.93 1.35 1.34 1.16 1.48 1.88 Live weight in 30 days 6.21 5.85 6.12 7.24 6.13 6.95 The average increase in live weight, g 143 152 159 187 213 206 Piglets left 9 8 9 12 10 9

Comparing the indicators of tables 13 and 14, we can conclude:

the use of the proposed method allowed to increase the studied parameters compared with the control.

Example 11. The experience on the boars.

Four groups of fattening pigs were formed (three experimental and one control) with twelve goals in each group. The animals of the experimental groups were fed wheat germ flour in accordance with the proposed method (from 0.5 to 30%) to the main diet. Animals of the control group received the usual diet.

Table 15 shows the performance indicators of the feed additive - wheat germ flour in the diets of boars for fattening.

Table 15 Indicators Groups Control First experienced Second experienced Third experienced Number of goals 12 12 12 12 Live weight, kg, when tested 100.0 102.3 102.0 103.0 Live weight, kg, at the end of the experiment 126.0 129.6 129.6 130.9 The average daily gain, g 600,0 636.0 643.0 648.0 To the control group,% 100.0 106.0 107,2 108,0 The cost of feed units per kg of growth 4,50 4.34 4.31 4.27 To the control group,% 100.0 96.40 95.40 94.90

As shown by the indicators of table 15, the use of the proposed method allowed to obtain higher results for all studied indicators than in the control.

Example 12. The experience on the calves.

To study the effect of the feed additive according to the proposed method on calf weight gain, two groups were formed (experimental and control). The animals of the experimental group were fed wheat germ flour in accordance with the proposed method (from 0.5 to 25% of the main diet). Animals of the control group were fed only the main diet.

Table 16 shows the calf weight gain in the experimental and control groups.

Table 16 Indicators Control group Experienced group Birth weight, kg 27.6 26.3 The average daily increase in the first month, g 382.2 565.6 The average daily increase in the second month, g 540.4 654.3

Table 17 shows the effect of the proposed method on the safety of calves.

Table 17 Indicators First group Second group Experience The control Experience The control The number of goals involved in the experiment 60 60 60 60 The number of diseased goals 19 54 thirty 53 The number of sick calves,% 32 90 fifty 83 The departure of young animals, goals 0 6 one 8 Waste of young animals,% 0 10 0.6 13

As shown by the indicators of table 17, in the experimental groups of sick calves and young stock less than in the control.

Example 13. The experience on dairy cows.

Four groups of milk cows were formed (three experimental and one control) with 10 goals in each group. The animals of the experimental groups were fed a feed additive - wheat germ flour in accordance with the claimed method (from 0.5 to 35% of the main diet). Animals of the control group were fed only the main diet.

Table 18 shows the data on the effectiveness of using the proposed method. Two groups of milk cows were selected (control and experimental) with 33 heads in each group with the same average productivity. The daily diets of both groups of cows were identical in the main diet. The essence of the experiment was that a standard supplement (for example, corn silo) was included in the diet of the control group of cows, and wheat germ flour was included in the diet of the experimental group of cows.

Table 18 shows the data on milk yield by month (on average per cow).

Table 18 Month Control group Experienced group Increase October 218 220 +2 November 201 270 +69 December 218 282 +64 January 215 261 +46 February 228 267 +39 March 245 300 +55 Amount 1325 1600 +275

The data in table 18 indicate the feasibility of using the proposed method of feeding dairy cows.

Example 14. The experience on pregnant and dry cows.

Very serious attention should be paid to the feeding regimen of pregnant animals, as the fetus is especially sensitive to feeding conditions during the transition from the embryonic to the fetal period of pregnancy (in three months of pregnancy). The fetal need for nutrients increases in the second half of pregnancy and, mainly, in the final period.

Table 19 shows the effectiveness of the proposed method for feeding pregnant cows. Two groups of pregnant cows were selected (control and experimental) with 33 heads in each group. The daily diets of both groups were identical in the main diet. The essence of the experiment was that a standard supplement (for example, corn silage) was included in the diet of the control group, and wheat germ flour was included in the diet of the experimental group.

Table 19 shows the effect of feeding a pregnant cow on the weight of the embryo and fetus (on average per cow).

Table 19 Age of embryo and fetus The weight of the embryo (g) at the level of feeding The age of the embryo and fetus, months The weight of the embryo (g) at the level of feeding Experience The control Experience The control one - - 6 8100 6000 2 fifteen fifteen 7 17000 11000 3 190 168 8 28,000 20000 four 880 732 9 40,000 28,000 5 2900 1850 - - -

It should be noted that with an insufficient level of feeding of pregnant and dry cows, calves are born weak, with reduced resistance and are often susceptible to gastrointestinal and respiratory diseases.

Example 15. The experience on the bulls.

The results of using the proposed method on bulls during fattening are shown in Tables 20 and 21. Six pairs of groups of bulls were formed (two groups in each pair — experimental and control). In the first and second pairs there were 5 goals in each group, in the third and fourth pairs - 10 goals in each group, in the fifth pair - 15 goals in each group, in the sixth pair - 20 goals in each group. The calves of the control groups received a standard diet, and the calves of the experimental groups received a feed additive according to the proposed method.

Table 20 Characteristic groups. Groups Option The number of goals in the group Age, month Differences in feeding Live weight when tested The main diet, kg According to the method, kg one the control 5 8 full - 178 experience 5 8 also +2.5 supplement 179 2 the control 5 8 “-“ - 191 experience 5 8 “-“ +2.5 supplement 194 3 the control 10 8 “-“ - 185 experience 10 8 “-“ +3.0 supplement 187 four the control 10 12 “-“ - 249 experience 10 12 “-“ +3.0 supplement 246 5 the control fifteen 10 “-“ - 230 experience fifteen 10 “-“ +3.5 supplement 229 6 the control twenty 10 “-“ - 217 experience twenty 10 “-“ +3.5 supplement 217

Table 22 shows the growth rate of calves.

Table 21 Groups Options Live weight at the end of the test, kg The average daily gain, g one the control 251 825.00 experience 271 1032,00 % to control 107.97 125.09 2 the control 275 948.00 experience 296 1144.00 % to control 107.64 120.68 3 the control 263 887.00 experience 294 1088,00 % to control 111.79 122.66 four the control 328 897.00 experience 339 1040.00 % to control 103.35 115.94 5 the control 309 914.00 experience 325 1111.00 % to control 105.18 121.55 6 the control 294 892.00 experience 311 1064,00 % to control 105.78 119.28

Claims (1)

A method of feeding farm animals and poultry, including adding to the main diet flour from wheat germ with the content of macronutrients,%:
Calcium 4.93 Phosphorus 1.36 Sodium 0.18 Magnesium 0.39 Potassium 0.09
Trace elements, mg / kg:
Manganese 202 Iron 122 Zinc 250.8 Copper 18.5 Selenium 0.51 Lithium 1,6 Chromium 0.24;
Vitamins, mg / kg:
In ₁ 5.25 In ₂ 2.42 In ₃ 15.96 At ₅ 55.91 At ₆ 7.75 At ₁₂ 0.003 E 72 mcg / g
while the flour from wheat germ is set in the main feed according to the schemes for the main diet,%:
chickens 1-7 days old from 0.5 to 27.0
chickens 8-28 days old from 0.5 to 25.0
broilers 8-28 days of age from 0.5 to 25.0
broilers of 28-44 days of age from 0.5 to 23.0
broiler parent flock from 0.5 to 20.0
laying hens from 0.5 to 25.0
young geese from 0.5 to 27.0
fattening geese from 0.5 to 25.0
the parent flock of geese from 0.5 to 25.0
young turkey from 0.5 to 27.0
fattening turkeys from 0.5 to 28.0
a parent herd of turkeys from 0.5 to 27.0
suckling pigs from 1-7 days of age from 0.5 to 25.0
weaned piglets from 0.5 to 25.0
sows from 0.5 to 30.0
boars from 0.5 to 30.0
calves from 0.5 to 25.0
dairy cows from 0.5 to 35.0
pregnant cows from 0.5 to 30.0
dry cows from 0.5 to 30.0
bulls from 0.5 to 35.0