RU2805847C1 - Method of adaptation of hereford cattle in conditions of the altai territory - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention is intended for the adaptation of cattle when importing livestock from other climatic zones. The method of adaptation of Hereford cattle in the conditions of the Altai Territory includes the formation of animals according to their physical and physiological condition, keeping them loose in unheated premises, feeding and providing with water. The keeping of large-horned livestock: cows, cows with suckling calves, as well as young animals older than one year is performed loose, i.e. free, and in winter they are provided with free access to the feeding yard. Depending on the time of the year, the livestock diet is combined; in the summer, pastures with alfalfa and clover are sown in the form of at least five paddocks, grass from which makes up to 70.0 wt.% of the summer diet. The summer diet is supplemented with the following feeds in wt.%: 12.0 of compound feed, 10.0 of spring straw, 5.0 of sugar beet pulp, 3.0 of bone meal. In the autumn-winter period, the diet in wt.% is: 30.0 of meadow hay, 26.0 of corn silage, 12.0 of compound feed, 8.0 of spring straw, 9.0 of sunflower seed cake, 7.0 of grass meal, 5.0 of beet pulp sugar, 3.0 of bone meal.

EFFECT: creation of an effective and natural method of adaptation of Hereford cattle in the conditions of the Altai Region, including the formation of a diet and maintenance of livestock, without the use of any stimulants, also including persistent preservation of good physical condition, genome and all characteristics of the breed by young animals.

4 cl, 3 tbl

Description

The invention relates to the field of agriculture and is intended for the adaptation of cattle when importing livestock from other climatic zones. Namely, for beef cattle breeding and is used for adaptation and maintenance of Hereford cattle in the conditions of the Altai Territory.

In beef cattle breeding, an important factor is the preservation of the productive and breeding qualities of animals, which is most important when importing livestock from other regions and countries. A sign of good adaptation is the natural increase in the herd due to the appearance of healthy young animals. The main factors influencing the adaptation of animals are: local climate, diet and living conditions. In the proposed adaptation method, the main attention was paid to the above factors, taking into account the climatic conditions of the Altai Territory. In the Altai Territory the climate is sharply continental: winters are cold, summers are hot. The average January temperature is –18ºС, the average July temperature is +19.6ºС. Natural vegetation is characterized by forbs combined with typical steppe vegetation. In the water meadows, herbaceous vegetation develops luxuriantly, in which cereals predominate - meadow bluegrass, timothy grass, orchard grass, and forbs - burnet, yarrow, goosefoot and others.

There is a known method of fattening livestock, including grazing on natural lands or on sown grasses with mowing and distribution of green mass into feeders; after grazing, the animals are placed on a leash for final, intensive fattening in the field in mobile sectional stalls, which are lined up in a frontal line. See RF patent No. 2469529 “Method of fattening livestock” 12/20/2012 bulletin. No. 35.

The disadvantages of this known method include the final tethered stage of keeping livestock, since with a lack of movement, appetite decreases and weight gain slows down. Movement is considered one of the significant factors for the body of cattle and for the proper development of the hooves. If cattle are not exposed to movement, or if there is a lack of it, over time, the health of the animal will deteriorate, and this can lead to physical inactivity (chronic stress), which will negatively affect the health of the animals. See https://agripo.by/polezno-znat/dvizheniya-krs/

The “Method of adaptation of cattle” is known (See RF patent No. 2490011 dated August 20, 2013, Bulletin No. 23). The invention relates to the field of agriculture and veterinary medicine and is intended for the adaptation of cattle when importing livestock from other regions. Animals are administered a drug based on an organic compound. The preparation used is a composition in the form of a mixture of a medical solution of formaldehyde with a solution of sodium chloride of 0.85-0.95% concentration with a ratio of their parts by weight of 2-6:994-998. The composition is administered twice intramuscularly at a dose of 5.0-6.0 ml per head with an interval between injections of 7-10 days.

The disadvantages of this known method include the presence of formaldehyde in the composition of the drug administered to animals, since it is not known how each individual animal will react to it. Formaldehyde is toxic, negatively affects the respiratory tract, eyes, skin, genetic material, reproductive organs, and has a strong effect on the central nervous system. Formaldehyde has strong antiseptic properties and destroys most microorganisms (both harmful and beneficial), including their spores. Since formaldehyde can affect the genome of an animal, it can change and, as a result, deteriorate the quality of the breed in born calves. See link: https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki /Formaldehyde.

The “Method of keeping cattle in harsh climatic conditions” is known - a prototype (See application No. 2009110787; 09.27.2010) including the formation and operation of groups of animals according to their physiological state, free-stall (free) group keeping on compost and free-stall group keeping maintenance of replacement young stock in calf barns in unheated premises of the complex, year-round, without summer grazing, on special bedding. To feed animals, a diet of the same type for each technological group is used, all components of which are mixed into a single mixture “monoford”.

The disadvantages of this known method include year-round keeping indoors, even without summer grazing. Due to lack of sunlight in animals, the number of respiratory diseases increases, and the spread of certain infections is observed. Under the influence of sunlight and when walking in the air, insolation (solar irradiation) occurs, which improves mineral and vitamin metabolism. Lack of sunlight reduces the ability to adapt to new conditions; the body experiences a state of light starvation, which greatly affects metabolism. As a result, productivity and resistance to disease are significantly reduced, sluggish wound healing, skin diseases, delayed estrus in females, and stunted growth in young animals are noted. See link: https://scienceforum.ru/2019/article/2018010988 At the same time, with a constant lack of movement, the animal may develop physical inactivity. Prolonged physical inactivity leads to disturbances in the functioning of the musculoskeletal system of the limbs. And then hoof treatment may be needed. Without movement, there is no mechanical energy, which means that blood stops circulating normally and there is no outflow of metabolic products from internal organs and other parts of the body. Enzymatic systems and brain impulses cease to function normally, because of this, changes begin in blood vessels and nerves, and the chemical composition of hair and blood changes. In addition, pathology may develop in the genitals, endocrine glands, gastrointestinal tract, lymphatic system, kidneys, brain and heart. See link: https://agripo.by/polezno-znat/dvizheniya-krs/ Thus, the movement apparatus is not only the correct development of muscles or bones, but also a large receptor field that promotes the transition of mechanical energy in the bones of the skeleton into electrical and thermal, required for the processes of osteogenesis, hematopoiesis - hematopoiesis, the process of formation, development and maturation of blood cells. Mechanical energy is also needed for the correct functioning of the nervous and vascular systems of the body.

It is worth adding that the monotonous “monofood” - the year-round diet of animals, also negatively affects the condition of the animals.

The technical result of the proposed invention is the creation of an effective and natural method of adaptation of Hereford cattle in the conditions of the Altai region, including the formation of a diet and maintenance of livestock, without the use of stimulants, persistent preservation of good physical condition, genome and all characteristics of the breed by young animals.

The stated technical result is achieved by using a combination of known features common to the prototype, including the formation of animals according to their physical and physiological condition, keeping them loose in unheated premises, feeding and providing water, and new features consisting in the fact that keeping cattle: cows, cows with calves on suction, as well as young animals over one year old are kept loose - free, while in winter they provide free access to the feeding yard, the diet of livestock, depending on the time of year, is combined, in summer - pastures, with sown alfalfa and clover, are made in the form of at least five paddocks, the grass from which in the summer diet makes up 70.0 wt.%, and supplement the diet with the following feeds in wt. %:

- compound feed 12.0%, - spring straw 10.0%, - sugar beet pulp 5.0%, - bone flour 3.0%,

in the autumn-winter period, the diet in mass. % is:

- meadow hay 30.0%, - corn silage 26.0%, - compound feed 12.0%, - spring straw 8.0%, - sunflower seed cake 9.0%, - herbal flour 7.0%, - sugar beet pulp 5.0%, - bone flour 3.0%,

in each of the pasture paddocks, the cattle are grazed for five to seven days, and then transferred to the next paddock, while the cattle are returned to the first paddock for re-grazing of the grown grass after at least 25 days; the unheated premises of the livestock keeping complex are carried out in in the form of boxes with bedding, with electrically heated drinkers and linear feeders, without drafts, in which the humidity is maintained at no higher than 67%; during free access to the feeding yard, the cattle are fed with roughage - silage, straw, hay.

The novelty of the proposed invention is that the keeping of large-horned livestock: cows, cows with suckling calves, as well as young animals over one year old is carried out loose - free, while in winter they provide free access to the feeding yard, the diet of livestock, in depending on the time of year, they are carried out in combination; in the summer, pastures are sown with alfalfa and clover, they are carried out in the form of at least five paddocks, the grass from which in the summer diet makes up 70.0 wt.%, and the diet is supplemented with the following feeds in wt. %:

- compound feed 12.0%, - spring straw 10.0%, - sugar beet pulp 5.0%, - bone flour 3.0%,

in the autumn-winter period, the diet in mass. % is:

- meadow hay 30.0%, - corn silage 26.0%, - compound feed 12.0%, - spring straw 8.0%, - sunflower seed cake 9.0%, - herbal flour 7.0%, - sugar beet pulp 5.0%, - bone flour 3.0%,

The sign of keeping cattle: cows, cows with suckling calves, as well as young animals over one year old loose - free, ensures good physical condition of the animals, since it ensures their free movement. At the same time, during such movement, animals expend their energy, improve their appetite, which contributes to intensive consumption of feed and, as a result, an increase in the weight of animals and an improvement in the taste of meat. Loose housing prevents the development of physical inactivity in animals. Prolonged physical inactivity leads to disturbances in the functioning of the musculoskeletal system of the limbs. And then hoof treatment may be needed. Without movement, there is no mechanical energy, which means that blood stops circulating normally and there is no outflow of metabolic products from internal organs and other parts of the body. Enzymatic systems and brain impulses cease to function normally, because of this, changes begin in blood vessels and nerves, and the chemical composition of hair and blood changes. In addition, pathology may develop in the genitals, endocrine glands, gastrointestinal tract, lymphatic system, kidneys, brain and heart, which will negatively affect the preservation of breed characteristics in young animals. See link: https://agripo.by/polezno-znat/dvizheniya-krs/ .

A sign of ensuring free access for livestock to the walking and feeding yard in winter, providing year-round solar radiation. So, when walking in the air, insolation occurs, which improves mineral and vitamin metabolism and increases resistance to disease. And the additional movement of animals ensures “working up” of appetite and prevents the development of physical inactivity.

A sign of fulfilling the livestock diet, depending on the time of year, is combined, ensuring the quantitative and qualitative composition of the feed, obtaining all the necessary microelements for good nutrition, regardless of seasonality, obtaining balanced and nutritious nutrition for the proper development and functioning of internal organs, which is necessary for the preservation all qualities of the breed.

The sign of livestock feeding in the summer on pastures sown with alfalfa and clover provides additional guaranteed receipt of vegetable protein by the animals and an increase in the consumption of green mass. Since proteins of plant origin do not contain or contain in small quantities the most important amino acids, animal feed usually lacks them, which is eliminated by adding various additives to the feed. However, in this case, there may be an excess of amino acids, which also negatively affects the health of animals. The absence or deficiency of essential amino acids in the diet causes in animals a negative nitrogen balance, loss of appetite, changes in blood composition, and disorders in the nervous, endocrine and enzymatic systems. To avoid their excess, it was decided not to add additives, but to sow legumes, since legumes are much richer in amino acid composition. This naturally meets the animal’s need for amino acids and optimizes the nitrogen balance.

In addition, protein is part of cells and tissues, participates in the construction of enzymes, hormones and immune bodies, and serves as the basis for all vital processes - reproduction, growth, productivity development. Vegetable feeds, which form the basis of the diets of all farm animals, contain little of them; a constant deficiency of protein not only reduces the productivity of animals and the quality of products, but also leads to extremely unproductive consumption of feed and higher prices for meat. With a shortage of 20-25% protein in diets, animal feed consumption increases by almost one and a half times, while weight gain decreases. See link: https://www.ya-fermer.ru/belok-i-produktivnost-zhivotnyh

The sign of a pasture in the form of at least five paddocks is determined by the number of heads in the herd and ensures consistent movement of livestock and eating grass. At the same time, if there are fewer than five paddocks, then the grass will be eaten and trampled in large volumes and will not have time to grow back to ensure re-grazing.

A sign of fulfilling the diet of livestock on pasture, the grass from which in the summer diet is 70.0 wt.%, and supplementing the diet with the following feeds in wt. %:

- compound feed 12.0%, - spring straw 10.0%, - sugar beet pulp 5.0%, - bone flour 3.0%,

in the autumn-winter period, the diet in mass. % is:

- meadow hay 30.0%, - corn silage 26.0%, - compound feed 12.0%, - spring straw 8.0%, - sunflower seed cake 9.0%, - herbal flour 7.0%, - sugar beet pulp 5.0%, - bone flour 3.0%,

ensures that animals receive the necessary microelements in their diet for full development while preserving the genome. For example, the presence of 12.0% feed provides animals with a balanced complex of nutrients, vitamins, minerals and enzymes, selected taking into account age and breed, and ensures normal growth of animals. See link:

https://www.megamix.ru/nauka/kombikorm-dlya-krs/ . At the same time, the presence of feed in smaller quantities in the diet of animals can lead to slower growth of young animals, diseases, a decrease in the amount of milk for suckling calves, and a deterioration in the physical condition of animals.

Spring straw provides animals with a high fiber content of 30 to 42%, and since the bulk of the substances that make up straw is a mixture of carbohydrates, straw is therefore the main supplier of fiber, energy and dry matter. Due to its low nutritional value, straw plays the role of mainly ballast feed, necessary to give the diet the proper volume, and is also necessary to maintain normal digestive processes, which is why in the summer - when switching to pasture feed, its percentage in the total diet remains 10.0% . More than 10.0% of the straw in the diet is eaten by cows reluctantly, and given the presence of proteins in the diet of mixed feed and sugar beet pulp, this amount is enough to ensure a stable supply of essential minerals and vitamins. But in winter, the percentage of spring straw in the general diet is less and amounts to 8.0%. If less than 8.0% straw is consumed, the digestion process may be disrupted since its presence affects the ruminant process. One of the purposes of hay/straw is to stimulate chewing, which is necessary for the production of saliva. Their saliva produces sodium bicarbonate, and sodium bicarbonate neutralizes lactic acid and the pribiotic. In this case, the cow is protected from rumen acidosis, since they will have a normal rumen pH level, on which digestion and, accordingly, the productivity and health of the animal depend. And since cows prefer hay, the winter diet contains less straw and hay is added. Moreover, the animals’ diet includes: succulent food in the form of corn silage, sunflower cake - this is in addition to sugar beet pulp and compound feed, which enrich the diet. There is no point in giving more than 8.0%, since straw is poor in minerals and vitamins. Therefore, to ensure adequate nutrition, this amount of straw in combination with other nutritional components is sufficient. In the autumn-winter period, straw plays the role of ballast feed and is necessary for chewing cud and giving the diet the proper volume.

See link: https://studref.com/686812/agropromyshlennost/soloma .

Sugar beet pulp 5.0% provides animals not only with highly digestible vegetable protein and fiber, but also with a large amount of vitamins and microelements. See link: https://fermerok.info/zhom-sveklovichnyj-svekolnyj-zhom . If sugar beet pulp is added to the diet in smaller quantities, the animals’ bodies will not receive enough of the nutrients, vitamins and microelements it contains, which can affect their physical condition and worsen the adaptation process. At a dosage of more than 5.0%, it is possible that the taste of milk in cows with suckling calves may change, and diarrhea may appear in young animals. This will negatively affect the animal’s weight gain.

Bone meal in the amount of 3.0%, in combination with mixed feed, provides animals with easily digestible animal protein, which accelerates the growth of young animals, ensures rapid weight gain, improves the quality of meat products, improves the fertility of cows, increases milk yield and fat content of milk. The quantity and fat content of milk will lead to rapid growth of suckling calves. If you include less bone meal in your diet, there will be practically no effect, since the body will receive little animal protein, which stimulates the growth of the animal and improves the quality of meat. If you increase the content of bone meal in the feed to more than 3.0%, then the smell that bone meal has will scare away the animals, and they will not eat such a mixture.

Meadow hay in a volume of 30.0% is the main food in winter, containing all the essential nutrients: protein, fiber, mineral elements and vitamins. One kilogram of meadow hay contains 0.45 feed unit and 48 grams of digestible protein, 6.4 grams of calcium, 1.8 grams of phosphorus, 11 mg of carotene. With a decrease in meadow hay, the diet becomes poorer, and animals do not receive enough nutrients contained in the hay. Which can lead to loss of body weight in animals and slower growth of young animals. With an increase in meadow hay in the diet of animals by more than 30.0%, it will lead to irrational use of hay and greater costs for maintaining the herd. See link: https://agro.marimmz.ru/pitatelnaya-cennost-osnovnyh-kormov-dlya-krs-2019 .

Corn silage (26.0%) provides an increase in animal body weight, promotes the absorption of other types of feed, helps improve the digestive process of livestock, and is a source of vitamins and minerals. When corn silage is reduced in the diet, the body weight of the animal decreases, digestibility deteriorates and the consumption of other feed increases. With an increase in corn silage of more than 26.0%, the quality of milk in cows with suckling calves may deteriorate, the taste of meat may deteriorate, silage consumption increases, and the cost of maintaining the herd increases. See link: https://moydoms.ru/chto-takoe-silos-ego-polza-i-nedostatki/.

Sunflower seed cake (9.0%) in the autumn-winter season provides animals with proteins, polyunsaturated fatty acids, phospholipids, mineral elements of iron, zinc, calcium, phosphorus, vitamins E, A, B. Along with this, sunflower cake helps improve immunity , the work of reproductive organs, rapid growth of muscle mass, improvement of metabolic processes in the body of animals, have a positive effect on the growth and development of young animals. (See link: https://glav-dacha.ru/kak-ispolzuyut-zhmykh-podsolnechnyy/ ). When sunflower seed cake is included in the diet at less than 9.0%, the animals will become satiated more slowly, that is, they will consume more other feeds while receiving less effect in body weight gain. With an increase in sunflower seed cake of more than 9.0%, milk obtained from cows will have an unpleasant odor or taste. This may affect the health and growth of suckling calves. The meat may also have an unpleasant odor and taste.

Grass flour in the amount of 7.0% ensures rapid absorption of flour by both adult animals and calves, compensating for the lack of green grass, since the flour retains most of its beneficial substances. Its presence in the diet improves metabolic processes in the body and increases the productivity of young animals, ensures an increase in milk yield in cows by up to 7%, and weight gain by up to 10 - 15%.

The sign of grazing cattle in each of the pasture paddocks for five to seven days, and then its transfer to the next paddock, while the cattle are returned to the first paddock for re-grazing of the grown grass after at least 25 days, helps to meet the needs of the herd in the summer in the required volume of fresh feed in the form of sown grass and natural pasture grass. Promotes the opportunity for grass to regrow in unused paddocks, as well as for grass to regrow for regrazing in used paddocks. If grass is grazed by livestock earlier, the grass will not have time to grow properly and will be tender, in which case the animals will trample it down faster. Alternation of pastures allows for adequate nutrition of livestock, while effectively and efficiently using available pastures. If livestock is grazed on one pasture for more than 7 days, then the livestock will not receive enough nutrition, and if it is less than 5 days, then this will lead to frequent changes of pastures, while most of the grass will simply be trampled down by livestock, which is irrational.

The feature of keeping livestock in unheated premises of the complex, made in the form of boxes with bedding, promotes the free placement of animals in the box, as well as protecting the animal from the cold floor of the room.

The presence of electrically heated drinking bowls in an unheated room makes it possible to quench thirst without restrictions in winter with water at a comfortable drinking temperature for both adult animals and calves. This is necessary to maintain proper digestion in livestock, since water performs extremely important tasks in the body. These include: solvent function, transporter function, maintaining pressure in cells, heat regulation. See link 4 paragraph above: https://agrovesti.net/lib/tech/feeding-tech/poenie-korov-skolko-vody-nuzhno-korovam-i-kak-podobrat-poilki.html

Insufficient water supply leads to a decrease in feed consumption in combination with a decrease in fat and protein content in milk, which negatively affects young animals when it is necessary to preserve all the characteristics of the breed.

The presence of linear feeders allows several animals to have free access to the food being given out at the same time, regardless of the ranking of the animals, and also makes mechanical distribution of feed possible, which reduces time and labor intensity.

The sign of maintaining humidity in an unheated room no higher than 67% contributes to the normal well-being of animals. Humidity above 67% slows down metabolic processes and reduces the body's resistance to infections. So, if the barn is very humid, animals are much more likely to suffer from gastrointestinal, colds and skin diseases. Calves living in rooms with a humidity of more than 67% gain 15–20% less weight, which negatively affects the preservation of the qualities of the breed.

View link: https://znaifermu.ru/korovy-krs/ferma/mikroklimat.html

The sign of feeding livestock during free access to the walking and feeding yard with roughage - silage, straw, hay contributes not only to the free eating of roughage by animals, but also does not allow the animals to remain motionless, since in order to obtain this feed it is necessary to move to the walking and feeding yard .

Thus, it is the combination of the characteristics described above that ensures the achievement of the stated technical result: an effective and natural method of adaptation of Hereford cattle in the conditions of the Altai Territory, including the formation of a diet and maintenance of livestock, without the use of stimulants, persistent preservation of good physical condition, genome and all characteristics of the breed. This is ensured due to the fact that the claimed method is based on the formation of a versatile approach to the adaptation of livestock, which takes into account not only the provision of physical activity necessary to maintain a healthy physical shape of animals or the provision of balanced and nutritious nutrition for the proper development and functioning of internal organs, but also conditions for keeping livestock. With the combination of these signs, the movement apparatus of animals develops correctly, and this is not only the correct development of muscles or bones, but also a large receptor field, which contributes to the transition of mechanical energy in the skeletal bones into electrical and thermal energy, which is mandatory for the processes of formation of normal, healthy bone tissue and hematopoiesis , the process of formation, development and maturation of blood cells, which is important for the life of not only adult animals, but especially for young animals.

According to patent information research, no combination of known and new features of the proposed method was found in sources of patent and scientific and technical information, which allows us to classify the features as having novelty.

Since the proposed combination of features is not known from the existing level of technology and does not follow from it explicitly - it allows one to obtain a higher and even unexpected technical result, then the proposed essential features and their combination can be considered to have an inventive step.

The description of the implementation of the proposed method allows us to classify it as industrially feasible.

The proposed method of adaptation and maintenance of Hereford cattle in the conditions of the Altai Territory is carried out as follows:

The herd, consisting of cows and young animals, is driven out at the end of spring to a natural pasture on which alfalfa and clover were sown a year earlier. The entire pasture is divided, for example, into five paddocks. The herd is grazed in the first paddock for six days, and on the seventh day it is moved to the second, and all five paddocks are passed in this mode. At the same time, during the summer adaptation period, a mixture of mixed feed with bone meal, spring straw, and sugar beet pulp are added to the animals’ diet. After 30 days, the herd returns to the first paddock, where the grass has already grown and is ready to be grazed again. At the same time, the number of pens can be increased with an increase in the number of livestock in the herd. And after six days of the herd being in the first paddock, it is moved to the second, then from the second to the third, etc., thus ensuring the receipt of the required amount of microelements. At the same time, the herd is always provided with water, which is a mandatory and well-known condition for keeping livestock. With the onset of winter, the herd is transferred to an unheated room of the complex with a walking and feeding yard for free-stall housing. Providing animals with unhindered movement to maintain the physical activity necessary for the proper functioning of the body. During the winter adaptation period, the animals’ diet is also combined. During this period, the diet contains: meadow hay, corn silage, a mixture of feed with bone meal, spring straw, sunflower seed cake, grass flour, sugar beet pulp. At the same time, corn silage, spring straw, and meadow hay are placed in feeders in the feeding yard and are freely available. The food received by the animals is selected not only taking into account the receipt of the necessary nutrients, but also with the possibility of easy assimilation of the received nutrition in any season. A mixture of mixed feed with bone meal, sunflower seed cake, grass flour, and sugar beet pulp is placed in the linear feeders of the room. In an unheated room of the complex, drinking bowls with electrically heated water are placed in free access.

Adaptation of Hereford cattle using the proposed method was carried out on the basis of the Charyshsky state farm.

The farm of the Charyshsky state farm is located in the South-East of the Altai Territory.

Monitoring of the condition of the herd as a whole, as well as the growth and development of young animals, was carried out from birth to one and a half years of age. The live weight of the animal was determined by monthly weighing in the morning before feeding. 12 main parameters were taken from each animal at birth, at 3, 6, 9, 12, 18 months: height at the withers, height at the rump, depth of the chest, width of the chest, width of the hindquarters in the hips, width of the hindquarters at the hip joint, width of the hindquarters in ischial tuberosities, lateral length of the butt, oblique length of the torso (with a stick), oblique length of the torso (ribbon), chest girth, metacarpus girth.

Averaged main measurements of Hereford cows on the Charyshsky state farm.

Height
at the withers Height
in the sacrum Depth
breasts Width
breasts Width in macrolocks Oblique stick length Oblique length tape Oblique butt length Bust Pastern girth 119.9 123.8 66.4 45.0 50.7 153.6 167.8 50.8 186.4 20.1

Physiological and morphological indicators were obtained in different seasons of the year - in cows, suckling calves, calves over a year old, 10 heads from each group reflecting the average indicators for the herd.

Body temperature was determined using a general method. Frequency

heart rate was determined by palpating the pulse of the femoral artery. Breathing frequency by counting the air through the nasal openings (in the cold season) and by the movement of the rib wall in the warm season.

The ability of Hereford cows to maintain autumn production weight .

Quantity Live weight (kg) Live weight (kg) 68 Before stabling (end of September) Before going out to pasture (month of May) 68 455.8 491.5

Thus, cows, before going out to summer pastures, had an average live weight of 35.7 kg more per head than before being kept in stalls. This indicates satisfactory conditions for adaptation and maintenance of animals, proper selection of diet and its balance in the winter.

To judge the method of acclimatization of Hereford animals in the conditions of the Altai Territory, a table is given with comparative characteristics of the cows of the Charyshsky state farm and the Hereford cows of the Amur, Orenburg and Ural regions.

Average live weight of Hereford cows in the Altai Territory in comparison .

Index State Farm
"Charyshsky" Amur region Orenburg region Ural region Age (years) 3 – 4 More than 4 3 – 4 3 – 4 More than 4 3 – 4 More than 4 Live weight 514.0 486.2 485.2 456.0 503.8 542.5 612.0 Oscillations 420-580 420-520 380-580 340-540 360-640 490-570 520-740

Cows aged 3–4 years, with the highest live weight, were recorded in the “Charyshsky” state farm and the Ural region. In terms of live weight, they meet the requirements of the “elite record” class. On farms in the Amur and Orenburg regions, they meet the class requirements for live weight

"elite".

From the data presented in the tables we can conclude that

acclimatization of Hereford breed animals in the conditions of the Altai region using the method described above was successful.

When using the method of adaptation of Hereford cattle proposed for registration in the conditions of the Altai Territory, the preservation of calves raised on the state farm was 80.9%. Young animals raised on a state farm are typical of the Hereford breed.

At the age of 8 months, the average live weight of bulls was 198.1 kg, and that of heifers was 197.8 kg.

At the age of 18 months, the average live weight of bull calves was

413.8 kg, and heifers 356.5 kg.

For young animals raised for meat, there are two standard feeding schemes that ensure that at the age of 6 months. calves weighing 150-160 kg. for medium-weight dairy and dairy-meat breeds and 170-175 for large breeds.

At the age of 6 months. Young cattle undergo rearing and intensive fattening, which is completed at the age of 14-18 months. upon reaching a live weight of 400-500 kg.

See link: http://studvet.ru/otkorm-krupnogo-rogatogo-skota/

Thus, taking into account the obtained indicators and comparing them with existing standards, the conclusion follows that the proposed method, without the use of stimulants, is effective, has no side effects, and ensures adaptation to livestock, while the young animals persistently retain all the characteristics of the breed.

Using the method for adaptation and maintenance of Hereford cattle in the conditions of the Altai Territory will increase the production of high-quality beef at low cost and can be recommended for implementation on farms in the Altai Territory.

Claims (7)

1. A method of adaptation of Hereford cattle in the conditions of the Altai Territory, including the formation of animals according to their physical and physiological condition, keeping them loose in unheated premises, feeding and providing water, differing the fact that the keeping of large-horned livestock: cows, cows with suckling calves, as well as young animals over one year old is carried out loose - free, while in winter they provide free access to the feeding yard, the diet of livestock is carried out depending on the time of year combined, in the summer - pastures sown with alfalfa and clover are made in the form of at least five paddocks, grass from which in the summer diet makes up 70.0 wt.%, and supplement the diet with the following feeds in wt.%: compound feed 12.0 spring straw 10.0 sugar beet pulp 5.0 bone flour 3.0 in the autumn-winter period, the diet in wt.% is: meadow hay 30.0 corn silage 26.0 compound feed 12.0 spring straw 8.0 sunflower seed cake 9.0 grass meal 7.0 sugar beet pulp 5.0 bone flour 3.0 2. The adaptation method according to claim 1, characterized in that in each of the pasture paddocks the cattle are grazed for five to seven days, and then transferred to the next paddock, while the cattle are returned to the first paddock for re-grazing of the grown grass, at least in 25 days. 3. Adaptation method according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that the unheated premises of the complex for keeping livestock are made in the form of boxes with bedding, with electrically heated drinkers and linear feeders, without drafts, in which the humidity is maintained at no higher than 67%. 4. The adaptation method according to claim 1, characterized in that during free access to the feeding yard, the cattle are fed with roughage - silage, straw, hay.