RU2523489C2 - Chicken feeding method - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: food industry.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to farm industry, in particular, to chicken feeding under cage management. The chicken feeding method involves feeding a fodder containing a grain crop. Beginning from the 21^st day and during 12 days, broiler chickens are fed with a fodder containing tricalcium phosphate in an amount of 2-4 wt %, culinary salt - 0.3-0.5 wt %, vitamin premix - 0.05-0.15 wt %, microelement premix - 0.05-0.15 wt %, Flavomycin - 0.03-0.1 wt %, "Runo" variety amelcorn - balance. Beginning from the 24^th day and during 14 days, egg laying chickens are fed with a fodder containing sunflower flour - 2.2-4.2 wt %, culinary salt - 0.05-0.15 wt %, monocalcium phosphate - 0.1-0.3 wt %, tricalcium phosphate - 1.7-3.2 wt %, vitamin premix - 0.05-0.15 wt %, microelement premix - 0.05-0.15 wt %, vitamin C - 0.01-0.1 wt %, Flavomycin - 0.03-0.1 wt %, sodium citrate - 0.7-0.9 wt %, indispensable amino acids - 2.1 wt %, "Runo" variety amelcorn - balance.

EFFECT: proposed invention usage allows to enhance productivity, increase live weight of daily average growth and reduce fodder consumption per product unit.

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Description

The invention relates to agriculture, namely to feeding chickens at a cage.

Known food for broiler chickens containing corn, wheat, barley, sunflower meal, yeast feed, fish meal, dry back, grass meal, meat and bone meal, chalk and premix (see USSR copyright certificate No. 1086013, A23K 1/14, 1984 )

The disadvantage of this method is the low nutritional value of these wastes, the use of which does not increase the productivity of poultry.

Also known is a method of growing broiler chickens (see RF patent No. 2424729, class A23K 1/14, 2009 - prototype), including feeding a feed containing cereals and waste vegetable oils.

The disadvantages of using this compound feed are the low safety of the number of chickens and the nutritional value of the feed.

The technical result of the invention is to increase productivity, namely to increase live weight, average daily gains and reduce feed costs per unit of production.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that in the method of feeding chickens, comprising feeding a food containing a grain crop, according to the invention, broiler chickens, starting from 21 days, are fed for 12 days a feed containing wheat-spelled of the Fleece variety as a grain crop ", Tricalcium phosphate, table salt, vitamin and microelement premixes, flavomycin in the following ratio of ingredients, wt.%:

Tricalcium phosphate 2-4 Common salt 0.3-0.5 Premix Vitamin 0.05-0.15 Trace element premix 0.05-0.15 Flavomycin 0.03-0.1 Wheat-spelled varieties "Fleece" rest

and for chickens of the egg direction of productivity, they feed from 24 days, for 14 days, a feed containing sunflower oil, monocalcium phosphate, tricalcium phosphate, vitamin C, flavomycin, sodium citrate and essential amino acids, while wheat-spelled varieties are used as a grain crop "Fleece" in the following ratio of ingredients, wt.%:

Sunflower oil 2.2-4.2 Common salt 0.05-0.15 Monocalcium phosphate 0.1-0.3 Tricalcium phosphate 1.7-3.2 Premix Vitamin 0.05-0.15 Trace element premix 0.05-0.15 Vitamin C 0.01-0.1 Flavomycin 0.03-0.1 Sodium Citrate 0.7-0.9 A mixture of essential amino acids 2.1-2.2 Wheat-spelled varieties "Fleece" rest

A comparative analysis of the claimed solutions with known technical solutions allows us to conclude that the claimed method of feeding chickens meets the criterion of NOVELTY.

With the introduction of spelled wheat varieties “Fleece” increases the nutritional value of feed due to the increased content of crude protein and lysine in it. This allows us to conclude that the claimed technical solution meets the criterion of "INVENTIVE LEVEL".

The claimed technical solution meets the criterion of "INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY", as it can be used for raising chickens in industrial factories, as well as in private farms.

Spelled wheat is a membranous wheat widely cultivated in the past all over the world. Unpretentious, resistant to biotic and abiotic stresses, the crop is characterized by a high protein content in the grain, reaching 20.5%. Is the progenitor of wheat. Based on the ancient spelled, all its modern varieties were bred. A new variety of spelled “Fleece” was created jointly by the Krasnodar Research Institute of Agricultural Sciences named after P.P. Lukyanenko and the All-Russian Research Institute of Plant Production named after N.I. Vavilova. This is membranous tetraploid wheat (filmy 20-25%), genetically closest to durum wheat. In all phases of development, plants have a dense pubescence on the leaves, this gives resistance to damage by insect pests. Variety "Fleece" is resistant to drought, to all types of rust, powdery mildew, dusty and hard smut. It has a very high protein content in grain - 17.0-20.5%. It has a high content of lysine in the grain (0.46-0.59%). It can be used in the feed industry as a high protein component. The variety is zoned in the Krasnodar Territory.

The chemical composition of spelled wheat varieties "Fleece" are shown in table 1.

The results of chemical analysis (Table 1) show that this cereal in terms of nutrient content can be considered as a promising source of protein in animal feed for farm animals and poultry.

Table 1 The chemical composition of spelled wheat varieties "Fleece" Indicators Spelled with. Fleece OE, Mcal / kg 3,1 Crude protein,% 20.5 Crude fat,% 1,6 Crude fiber,% 7.7 Crude ash,% 1.9 BEV,% 68.3

An example of a specific implementation of the method of feeding chickens

An example of the method of feeding broiler chickens

We used daily chickens from the breeding enterprise "Rus" (Korenovsk). The chickens were kept in accordance with the zoohygienic requirements for this age group (the microclimate and content were maintained). The content is cellular, in batteries of the KBU-3 type.

The experiment was carried out according to the following scheme: in the preliminary period (21 days), the chickens were fed: 14 days with the Start diet, and from the 14th to the 21st with the Rosta diet of the Vita-Line company. On the 21st day, the chickens were individually weighed and formed 2 groups of 10 animals in each according to the principle of analogues in weight and growth energy. In the first group, wheat-spelled of the Fleece variety was used as a grain crop; in the second group, Kharkovskaya 23 durum wheat was used.

Mono-diets with the studied cereal crops were compiled (96.4%), balanced in vitamins and minerals by adding a premix, according to the following recipe (table. 2):

table 2 The composition of mono-grain feed mixture Components % g / kg Cereal crop 96.4 964 Tricalcium phosphate 3 thirty Trace element premix 0.1 one Premix Vitamin 0.1 one Flavomycin 0.06 0.6 Sodium chloride 0.4 four Total one hundred 1000

The effectiveness of feed mixtures is determined on the basis of the studied grain, supplemented with vitamins, micro and macro elements of mineral substances. The main indicators are the average daily increase in poultry, feed intake 1 goal. per day, feed costs per 1 kg of growth (table. 3).

Table 3 The biological value of the studied varieties of grain Name of samples The average daily gain, g Feed consumption per head / day, g The cost of feed per 1 kg of growth, kg Spelled grade "Fleece" 20,4 81.6 4.0 Durum wheat grade "Kharkiv 23" 19,2 73.3 3.8

Thus, a high level of protein, an increased content of lysine and metabolic energy, taking into account a number of valuable biological properties (productivity, resistance to diseases) make spelled promising for feeding birds and human nutrition.

The only drawback is the high fiber content, which, apparently, caused high feed costs per 1 kg of growth. Reducing fiber by selection, on the one hand, and on the other, by technological and physiological methods, will make spelled more accessible for digestion by chickens.

The study of the nutritional properties of spelled in mono-feed mixtures allowed us to determine its true value. The study of spelled in diets balanced for protein and amino acids allowed us to conclude that spelled proved to be the best in feed mixtures with amino acids.

An example implementation of the method of feeding chickens in egg production

The experiment was carried out on the males of the cross "UK Kuban 7" egg direction of productivity for 14 days. In the preliminary period (24 days), the chickens were kept and fed in accordance with their physiological needs.

After individual weighing and assignment, the numbers were 2 groups according to the principle of analogues by weight. Chickens of the first group received spelled grain in the feed mixture, the second - Bezostaya-1 (B-1) wheat grain, which was used as a control grain.

Table 4 Experienced rations Components Spelled + amino acids Bezostaya-1 + amino acids % CB g / kg % CB g / kg Wheat 90.0 900 87.8 878 Sunflower oil 3.2 32 3.2 32 Salt (NaCl) 0.1 one 0.1 one Monocalcium phosphate 0.3 3 0.4 four Tricalcium phosphate 3.2 32 3.2 32 Premix Vitamin 0.1 one 0.1 one Trace element premix 0.1 one 0.1 one Vitamin C 0.5 0.5 0.05 0.5 Flavomycin 0.06 0.6 0.06 0.6 Citric Na 0.8 8 0.8 8 Amino Acid Blend 2.1 ^* 21 3.45 ^* 34.5

The mixture of amino acids was calculated based on the need for chickens and the amino acid composition of the spelled and Bezostoy-1.

A mixture of amino acids * (g / kg feed): lysine HCl - 7.4; arginine HCl - 4.5; threonine - 2.4; methionine - 1.4; isoleucine - 1.8; leucine - 2.0; valine - 1.5.

A mixture of amino acids ** (g / kg feed): lysine HCl - 8.2; histidine - 0.7; arginine HCl - 6.4; threonine - 3.3; methionine - 2.8; isoleucine - 2.9; leucine - 5; phenylalanine - 1.9; tryptophan - 0.4; valine - 2.3; glycine - 0.6.

When bringing the amino acids in the feed mixture to the requirements of the chickens, the amino acid composition of the spelled and Bezostaya-1 were taken into account. The difference between them determined the deficit in amino acids.

Data on the chemical composition are presented in table 5.

Table 5 The chemical composition of crops (% abs. CB) Indicators Chemical composition Spelled with. Fleece Bezostaya-1

OE, Mcal / kg 3,1 3.0 Crude protein,% 20.5 14.9 Crude fat,% 1,6 1,6 Crude fiber,% 7.7 2,5 Crude ash,% 1.9 2.0 BEV,% 68.3 78.9

The spelled after grinding was sieved, which immediately reduced the fiber content in it by 2.3% and amounted to 7.7%. Despite the "winnowing", the fiber content was 5% higher than the standard.

Table 6 Feed consumption and increase in live weight of chickens on diets with spelled and Bezostoy-1 Indicators 1 group 2 group The average daily gain, g 21.0 17.3 Feed intake, g / head / day 35.0 39.6 The cost of feed per 1 kg of growth, kg 1,67 2.29 Protein efficiency 2.92 2.93

As a result of balancing rations due to the addition of crystalline amino acids, the protein efficiency in both groups was 2.92 and 2.93, respectively. The average daily gain in live weight of chickens on the diet with spelled turned out to be the highest, and feed costs are the lowest.

Thus, the results of the above studies showed that a more effective way to balance the diet is to add crystalline amino acid preparations exactly to the requirements. Being in the diet in a free state, they, apparently, are better absorbed from the digestive tract and enter the processes of protein synthesis than amino acids released from feed proteins during digestion.

The results obtained allow us to conclude that spelled wheat variety “Fleece” has a high nutritional, biological and energy value and is a valuable component in the feed industry.

Claims (1)

A method of feeding chickens, including feeding a feed containing cereal, characterized in that broiler chickens, starting from 21 days, are fed for 12 days a feed containing Runo wheat spelled, tricalcium phosphate, common salt, vitamin and microelement premixes , flavomycin in the following ratio of ingredients, wt.%:
Tricalcium phosphate 2-4 Common salt 0.3-0.5 Premix Vitamin 0.05-0.15 Trace element premix 0.05-0.15 Flavomycin 0.03-0.1 Wheat-spelled varieties "Fleece" Rest
and for chickens of egg productivity, they feed from 24 days, for 14 days, a feed containing sunflower oil, monocalcium phosphate, tricalcium phosphate, vitamin C, flavomycin, sodium citrate, and “Runo” wheat spelled is used as a grain crop and additionally essential amino acids in the following ratio of ingredients, wt.%:
Sunflower oil 2.2-4.2 Common salt 0.05-0.15 Monocalcium phosphate 0.1-0.3 Tricalcium phosphate 1.7-3.2 Premix Vitamin 0.05-0.15 Trace element premix 0.05-0.15 Vitamin C 0.01-0.1 Flavomycin 0.03-0.1 Sodium Citrate 0.7-0.9 A mixture of essential amino acids 2.1 Wheat-spelled varieties "Fleece" Rest