RU2703912C1 - Method for feeding broiler chicken and meat hens - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to agriculture, in particular, to broiler and meat hen feeding. Method envisages full-feed mixed fodder feeding with available phosphorus level of 0.3 wt % with additional introduction of lupine. For broiler chickens at age of 1–14 days, lupine is added in amount of 20 wt %, and for broiler chickens in age of 15–36 days and for meat hens in age of 151 days and older lupins are introduced in amount of 15 wt %, also combined feed with lupine is enriched with enzyme preparations Berzaim-R in doses of 12 g/t and Feedbest-VGPro – 100 g/t.

EFFECT: ensuring 100 % preservation of the livestock, increasing the broiler live weight by 4,1 %, increasing egg laying on the initial layer, increasing the yield of hatching eggs.

1 cl, 6 tbl

Description

The invention relates to agriculture, in particular, to the feeding of broilers and meat chickens.

The most scarce and expensive components of feed for poultry are fish meal and soybean meal. In addition, in the feed market there is a large number of falsified fishmeal or its substitutes. Therefore, a search is underway for cheap substitutes for animal feed and soybean meal, among which an important role is given to leguminous crops (peas, vetch, chickpeas, fodder beans, etc.) (Egorov I.A. et al. Instructions for the use of alternative feeds in poultry farming .-- Sergiev Posad, 2016 .-- 60 p.).

Among these foods, the role of lupine has increased in recent years. It is notable for its unpretentiousness to soil conditions, the ability to increase high yields of green mass and seeds, high protein content, and relatively low cost of its production (Kosolapov V.M. et al. Peas, lupins, vetch, beans: evaluation and use of agricultural animals in feeding . - M., 2009 .-- 273 p.).

In the collection of protein per hectare of arable land, lupine is significantly superior to both cereals and legumes. Depending on the type and variety of lupine, the protein content in seeds is from 30 to 45%, i.e. it has almost four times higher protein content than cereal grains. The undoubted advantages of lupine include: high nitrogen fixation activity, the ability to grow on poor and acidic soils, to be the best precursor for cereals (Gataulina G.G., Medvedeva N.G. White lupine - a promising forage crop // Achievements of science and technology of the agricultural sector. - 2008. - No. 9. - S. 49-51.

A deterrent to the use of legumes in poultry feeding is the presence of proteolytic enzyme inhibitors, alkaloids, saponins, urease, lipoxidase, tannins, hemagglutinins, etc. in the seeds (Egorov I.A. et al. Instructions for the use of alternative feeds in poultry farming. - Sergiev Posad , 2016 .-- 60 p.).

The main anti-nutritional substances in lupine are alkaloids, non-starchy polysaccharides, phytates, saponins, tannins (Lenkova T.N., Zevakova V.K. Nutritional value and anti-nutritional factors of lupine seeds // Poultry. - 2012. - No. 1. - P. 21. -27; Mironova TP et al. Biochemical composition and nutritional value of grain of various types of lupine // Ways to increase the yield of field crops. - M .: Urozhay, 1989. - T. 20. - P. 90-98).

Lupine seeds differ from other leguminous crops in a large number of arabino-xylans (arabino-xylan index in relation to soybean meal is 165 units). They also have a lot of fiber - 12.5-18%. The amount of phytic phosphorus was 20% of the total (Okolelova T.M. What you need to know about the quality of raw materials and dietary supplements for poultry. - Sergiev Posad, 2016. - 278 p.)

These nutrients affect the deterioration of the digestibility of the nutrients of the feed, its conversion, decrease in poultry productivity and product quality. In this regard, special preparation of leguminous feeds, including lupine, is required for feeding, which helps to level their action: peeling, extrusion, micronization, granulation, autoclaving, etc. (Rubio LA et al. Brit. J. Nutrit. - 1990. - V.63. - No. 3. - 419-430; Kosolapov V.M. et al. Peas, lupins, vetch, beans: evaluation and use in feeding farm animals. - M., 2009. - 273 p .; Diaz D. et al. Ital. J. Anim. Sc. - 2006 - V. 5. - P. 43-53; Gangwar SK et al. Asian J. Exp. Biol. Sc. - 2010. - V. 1 (4 ). - 881-885). However, all these methods require special equipment, energy consumption, so they are expensive and not very productive.

Considering the presence of anti-nutritional factors of lupine, even sweet varieties, in which the level of alkaloids is 0.025-0.04%, two types of domestic enzyme preparations containing the necessary enzymatic activities were taken to enrich the feed with lupine - Feedbest VGPro and Bersheim-R.

The known "Method of feeding broilers" (RF patent No. 2637657) with the inclusion of fodder beans and the enzyme preparation CelloLux-F, however, this compound feed due to the high level of tannins in fodder beans cannot be used in compound feeds for meat chickens, because has a negative effect on the structure of the intestinal villi with prolonged use. (Prototype).

An example of a specific implementation 1.

The studies were carried out in the nutrition department of the Federal Research Center “VNITIP” RAS and in the vivarium of the Zagorsk EPHC in 2018. The object of the study was mixed feed with lupine enriched with the enzyme preparations Bersheim-R (phytase activity 50,000 units / g) and Feedbest-VGPro (xylanase activity 10,000 units / g; β-glucanase - 3,500; pectolytic - 5,000; proteolytic - 120 units / g) . In the experiments, white lupine was used, in 100 g of which it was contained,%: crude protein - 33.5%; crude fat - 10.8, crude fiber - 10.3, calcium - 0.3, phosphorus - 04%. The exchange energy was at the level of 10.09 MJ / kg.

Scientific and industrial experience was carried out on broilers of the Cobb 500 cross country from daily to 36 days of age. The chickens were kept in AviMax cell batteries, 35 goals in each group, in compliance with all technological parameters.

The birds were fed in three periods (1-14, 15-21 days and from 22-36 days). The nutritional value of compound feeds corresponded to the norms for cross-country, all of them were aligned according to the content of nutrients, with the exception of group 2, which used a reduced level of available (digestible) phosphorus. Enzymes were introduced into the feed by the method of stepwise mixing. The scheme of scientific and industrial experience is presented in table 1.

The composition and nutritional value of feed is given in table 2

Thus, the use of lupine and enzyme preparations made it possible to ensure 100% preservation of the livestock, increase the live weight of broilers by 4.1%, and improve feed conversion by 6.8%. The results are achieved by improving the digestibility of dry matter of feed by 3.0%; protein - by 3.5% fat - by 3.9%; fiber - by 5.3%. Moreover, the use of nitrogen in the experimental group was 3.4% higher; lysine - by 3.6%; methionine - by 4.6%.

The use of calcium in the experimental group increased by 4.0%; phosphorus - by 7.6%).

A tendency towards an increase in calcium and phosphorus in the skeleton of broilers, as well as trace elements: iron, manganese, copper and zinc, is noted.

Case Study 2

The studies were carried out on two initial lines of the bird:

B5 - paternal line of the parent form of the Cornish breed, fast-growing. The main breeding traits are feed conversion, growth rate, meat quality.

B9 is the maternal line of the maternal parent form of the Plymutrok breed, it is selected for egg production, hatchability, growth rate, feed conversion, and viability.

The purpose of the research was to study the effectiveness of the use of compound feeds containing lupine enriched with the enzyme preparations Bersheim-R and Feedbest-VGPro on the zootechnical indicators of meat chickens of the initial lines B5 (Cornish breed) and B9 (Plymouth breed), as well as to evaluate the effect of these compound feeds on productivity. To achieve this goal, an experiment was conducted under the conditions of the FSBI SGC "Zagorsk EPH" VNITIP. The bird was kept in cells of 25 animals per group from 21 to 62 weeks of age. The light, temperature and humidity conditions, the front of feeding and watering were in accordance with the recommendations of VNITIP (2015). The bird was fed with loose feed with nutrition according to the standards of VNITIP (2018).

Chickens received mixed feed rationed, taking into account live weight, in the amount of 147-162 g per day per head, with an exchange energy level of 11.3 MJ / kg up to 49 weeks and 11.1 MJ / kg from the 50th week, at a level of raw protein 17.0 and 16.0%, respectively, age. When preparing recipes for compound feeds, the normalization of amino acids was carried out taking into account their digestibility, and all vitamins and minerals were introduced into compound feeds through a 1% premix. The experimental design for chickens with lupins is shown in table 5.

* The experiment was conducted according to a single scheme for hens of the B5 and B9 line.

Thus, the use of lupine in compound feeds for meat chickens enriched with enzyme preparations made it possible to increase the safety of the livestock in the experimental groups by 4%, to ensure live weight of the poultry at the level of the control group, and to increase egg production for the initial laying hens in line B5 by 2.5%; in line B9 - by 1.8%, while the yield of hatching eggs in the experimental groups was higher by 1.3 and 0.3%, respectively, lines B5 and B9.

The studies were supported by a grant from the Russian Science Foundation for the implementation of the scientific project 16-16-04089 “Studying the physiological and microbiological characteristics of the digestion of meat chicken in the embryonic and postembryonic periods to create new feeding technologies that ensure the fullest realization of the genetic potential of the bird.”

Claims (1)

A method of feeding broiler chickens and meat chickens, including feeding with a full-feed compound feed, characterized in that lupine is additionally added to the composition of the feed with an available phosphorus level of 0.3 wt.%, While lupines are introduced for broiler chickens in the 1-14 day age period in the amount of 20 wt.%, and for broiler chickens in the age period of 15-36 days and for meat chickens in the age of 151 days and older, lupins are administered in the amount of 15 wt.%, while feed with lupine is enriched with Bersheim-R enzyme preparations in doses of 12 g / t and Feedbest-VGPro - 100 g / t.