RU2499408C2 - Broiler chickens feeding method - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: food industry.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to farm industry, in particular, to poultry breeding, namely, to broiler chickens growing at poultry farms and breed livestock farms. The fodder for broiler chickens feeding during the starting period contains sorgo, synthetic methionine, synthetic lisyn, feed yeast, extruded soya, sunflower press cake, soya press cake, a premix, culinary salt, feed chalk and defluorinated phosphate. The fodder for broiler chickens feeding during the growing period contains sorgo, synthetic methionine, synthetic lisyn, feed yeast, extruded soya, sunflower press cake; soya press cake, a premix, culinary salt, feed chalk, defluorinated phosphate and sunflower oil. The fodder for broiler chickens feeding during the finishing period contains sorgo, synthetic methionine, synthetic lisyn, feed yeast, extruded soya, sunflower press cake, a premix, culinary salt, feed chalk, defluorinated phosphate and sunflower oil.

EFFECT: invention introduction allows to increase broiler chickens productiveness due to growth intensity enhancement, livestock preservation and fodders expenditure decrease per 1 kg of live weight gain as well as allows to reduce the product prime cost due to wheat and maize substitution with an equivalent amount of sorgo grains.

3 cl, 5 tbl, 1 ex

Description

The invention relates to agriculture, in particular to poultry farming, namely the cultivation of broiler chickens in poultry farms and pedigree farms.

The role of basic crops in the structure of compound feeds for poultry is given to wheat and corn. The challenge arose of finding an alternative culture that should have equal or greater forage qualities than grains. Such an alternative crop that can replace crops is high-energy sorghum. It has high heat and drought tolerance, unpretentiousness to soils and low demands on nutrients, while giving high yields.

Known feed for broiler chickens, consisting of a mixture of wheat, white and red grain sorghum. It was found that in the control group, when feeding 50% of wheat in diets, the gross gain in live weight of broiler chickens for the experiment was 1995, the average daily gain was 57.0, and the feed cost per 1 kg of gain in live weight was 1.93 kg . When feeding a diet in which 20% of wheat was replaced with sorghum, the gross gain for the experience of meat chickens was 2005, the average daily gain was 57.3 g, or 0.5% more than the control indicator, the feed cost was 1.92 kg. When replacing 30% of wheat with sorghum in the diet, the gross gain of chickens for the experiment was 1996 g, the average daily gain was 57.0 g, and the feed cost was 1.93 kg. When replacing 40% of wheat grain with fodder sorghum, all zootechnical indices of young birds were on the same level as the control. Feeding broiler chickens with a complete replacement of wheat for sorghum grain increased their gross live weight gain by 0.75% and amounted to 2010, the average daily gain - 57.4 g, feed costs - 1.92 kg. Consequently, in the diets of meat chickens it is possible to replace wheat not only partially, but also to make a complete replacement for sorghum and this will not significantly affect their productivity. The control slaughter of the bird revealed the absence of a negative effect of the experimental rations on its health. (A.I. Fitsev et al. Comprehensive assessment of various varieties of grain sorghum. // Corn and sorghum. - No. 2. - 2009. - P.21-24).

The disadvantage of this food for broiler chickens is that it does not provide a significant increase in the productivity of broiler chickens.

It is known to use sorghum grain in feed for broiler chickens, which replaces 30% of corn grain in the diet. In addition, synthetic methionine and lysine, the enzyme preparation “CelloLux”, are introduced into the feed for broiler chickens. The specified additive is introduced in addition to the main diet of feed for broiler chickens. At the same time, the live weight of broiler chickens at the age of 42 days is 2345 g in the control group and 2321 g in the experimental group, i.e. decreased by 1%. The cost of feed for broiler chickens per 1 kg of gain in live weight was approximately the same - in the control group - 2.10 kg, in the experimental group - 2.13 kg (Astashov A.N. et al. Sorghum as a component of feed for broiler chickens. // Corn and sorghum. - No. 5. - 2009. - S.13-14). This food for broiler chickens does not significantly affect the gain in live weight, which is its drawback.

The specified feed for broiler chickens with the replacement of corn with sorghum is the closest to the claimed technical solution.

The technical result of the invention consists in increasing productivity (increasing the growth rate of broiler chickens and keeping the livestock, reducing the cost of feed per 1 kg of gain in live weight) and lowering the cost of production by replacing traditional grain feed crops - wheat and corn with an equivalent amount of sorghum grain.

The technical result is achieved in that in the feed for broiler chickens having a grain component containing sorghum and a non-grain component consisting of methionine, lysine, feed yeast in an amount of 5.00%, extruded soybean in an amount of 12.00%, sunflower meal in an amount of 20.00%, soybean meal in an amount of 14.00%, premix in an amount of 1.00%, common salt in an amount of 0.12%, feed chalk in an amount of 0.80%, defluorinated phosphate in an amount of 1.30% of the total feed mass, according to the invention in the initial period of feeding of broiler chickens From the first day of their life to the fourteenth day, food for broiler chickens contains methionine in the amount of 0.27%, lysine in the amount of 0.43% and sorghum in the amount of 45.08% of the total weight of the feed, and the proportion of sorghum in the grain component feed is 100%.

The technical result is also achieved by the fact that in the feed for broiler chickens having a grain component containing sorghum and a non-grain component consisting of methionine, lysine, fodder yeast in an amount of 5.00%, extruded soy in an amount of 10.00%, cake sunflower oil in an amount of 20.00%, soybean meal in an amount of 9.00%, premix in an amount of 1.00%, common salt in an amount of 0.16%, feed chalk in an amount of 0.80%, defluorinated phosphate in an amount of 1.20 % of the total mass of feed, according to the invention in the growing period of feeding chickens-b from the fifteenth day of their life to the twenty-eighth day inclusive, broiler chicken feed contains methionine in an amount of 0.32%, lysine in an amount of 0.52%, sunflower oil in an amount of 2.00% and sorghum in an amount of 50.00% of the total mass of feed, and the proportion of sorghum in the grain component of the feed is 100%.

The technical result is also achieved by the fact that in the feed for broiler chickens having a grain component containing sorghum and a non-grain component consisting of methionine, lysine, fodder yeast in an amount of 5.00%, extruded soy in an amount of 13.00%, cake sunflower oil in an amount of 20.00%, soybean meal in an amount of 8.20%, premix in an amount of 1.00%, common salt in an amount of 0.17%, feed chalk in an amount of 0.90%, defluorinated phosphate in an amount of 1.20 % of the total mass of feed according to the invention in the finishing period of feeding chickens-b from the twenty-ninth day of their life to the forty-second day, inclusive, broiler chicken feed contains methionine in an amount of 0.18%, lysine in an amount of 0.35%, sunflower oil in an amount of 2.00% and sorghum in an amount of 48.00% of the total mass of feed, and the proportion of sorghum in the grain component of the feed is 100%.

A comparative analysis of the claimed solution with known methods of feeding broiler chickens allows us to conclude that the claimed method of feeding meets the criteria of NOVELTY, because Sorghum is used as the only grain component in broiler chickens rations, and the nutritional value of the feed is adjusted by introducing sunflower oil and oilcake into the diet.

As a result of the analysis of scientific, technical and patent literature, food for broiler chickens was not identified, where the only grain component is sorghum. The introduction of sunflower oil and oilcake, taking into account their nutritional value, increases the calorie content of the feed, while the content of crude protein and metabolic energy does not decrease and meets the existing standards for feeding broiler chickens. This allows us to conclude that the claimed technical solution meets the criterion of INVENTION.

The claimed technical solution meets the criterion of INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY, because can be used for feeding broiler chickens on poultry and breeding farms.

Feed for broiler chickens with a single grain component - sorghum grain, is fed from the first day of life to slaughter. Sorghum in chemical composition and energy value is close to corn and wheat. Thus, the exchange energy content in wheat is 295 kcal per 100 g, in corn - 330 kcal, in sorghum - 295 kcal (slightly less than in corn, but as much as in wheat). If the exchange energy can be easily gained with the addition of sunflower oil, then raw protein is harder to gain, as it is more expensive. Crude protein is found in wheat 11%, in sorghum - 10.3%, in corn - 8.5%. There is more crude protein in sorghum than in corn, but slightly less than in wheat. When replacing corn with sorghum, we provide a rise in crude protein in the diet, due to which we can eliminate fishmeal and reduce the cost of feed. Corn and wheat are easily digestible feeds, and sorghum contains slightly more crude fiber, but this grain component is cheaper in cost. Sorghum contains slightly less amino acids compared to corn and wheat, however, this drawback is easily eliminated by adding their synthetic forms. Sorghum and wheat have no differences in the content of calcium and phosphorus: 0.05 and 0.3%, respectively, and significantly exceed corn (0.02 and 0.25%).

Based on the characteristics of the main nutrients of wheat, corn and sorghum, it can be seen that the latter can completely replace the traditional feed in the diet.

This will reduce the cost of the diet and reduce the cost of production by replacing traditional grain feed crops - wheat and corn with an equal amount of sorghum grain.

An increase in the amount of sorghum grain in the diet is impractical, since this leads to a decrease in the content of crude protein, which will have a negative effect on poultry growth and feed intake. A reduced intake of sorghum in the diet is also ineffective, since a decrease in the level of exchange energy leads to a growth lag, unreasonable feed costs per unit of output.

Feeding during the entire period of growing broiler chickens the feed for broiler chickens with the content of sunflower meal in an amount of at least 20% of the total weight of the feed, increases the calorie content of the feed, which reduces the energy consumption for digesting the feed and contributes to its better absorption. An increase in the percentage of input of sunflower meal is impractical, as this leads to an increase in the content of metabolic energy and a decrease in the content of crude protein, which will negatively affect the growth of the bird. Reduced introduction of sunflower meal in broiler chicken feed is also ineffective, since a decrease in the level of metabolic energy leads to a growth lag, unreasonable feed costs per unit of output.

Feeding in the growth and finishing periods of feeding the broiler chicken feed, with the added sunflower oil in the amount of 0.4-2.9% by weight of the feed, increases its calorie content, which reduces the energy consumption for digesting the feed and contributes to its better absorption.

Feeding the developed feed for broiler chickens leads to their growth rate, while the cost and cost of feed per unit of production are reduced, the safety of young animals is significantly increased, that is, positive properties are manifested as a result of the use of the inventive feed.

This result is achieved only by feeding the developed formulations of broiler chicken feed in combination of the claimed components, which fully satisfy the need of broiler chickens for all nutrients in three growing periods.

Thus, the proposed composition of the feed for broiler chickens makes it possible to increase the growth rate of broiler chickens, reduce feed costs, reduce the cost of feed and save traditional crops - wheat and corn, which allows to obtain the claimed technical result.

An example embodiment of the invention.

The study on broiler chickens cross "Ross-308" was carried out according to the methodology of scientific and industrial research on feeding poultry VNIITIP (Fisinin V.I. et al. Recommendations on feeding poultry. // Sergiev Posad, 2000. - 214 pp. ) in the vivarium of ZAO Premix.

An experiment to study the effectiveness of the use of sorghum grain was carried out on four groups of broiler chickens with 43 heads in each according to the scheme shown in table 1.

Table 1 Scheme of scientific and economic experience Group Heads Characteristics of feeding chickens 1 - control 43 Control feed for broiler chickens (grain components wheat and corn, sorghum content - 0%) 2 - experienced 43 Replacing 20% of corn with an equal mass amount of sorghum grain in broiler chicken feed 3 - experienced 43 Replacing 30% of corn with an equal mass amount of sorghum grain in the feed for broiler chickens (prototype) 4 - experienced 43 The inventive feed for broiler chickens (sorghum is 100% in the grain component of the feed, corn content - 0%, wheat - 0%)

The experimental results are presented in tables 2-5

table 2 Composition and nutritional value of feed for broiler chickens during the start-up period Indicators Group one 2

3 (prototype) 4 (claimed feed) Wheat 16.00 16.00 15.05 0.00 Corn 37.38 17.29 0.00 0.00 Sorghum 0.00 20.00 30.00 45.08 Fish flour 7.00 7.00 0.00 0.00 Fodder yeast 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 Extruded soy 12.00 12.00 12.00 12.00 Sunflower meal 5.00 5.00 20.00 20.00 Soybean meal 14.00 14.00 14.00 14.00 Premix 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 Common salt 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.12 Chalk feed 0.80 0.80 0.80 0.80 Defluorinated Phosphate 1.30 1.30 1.30 1.30 Methionine 0.17 0.22 0.28 0.27 Lysine 0.23 0.27 0.45 0.43 1 kg of feed for broiler chickens contains: Exchange energy, kcal 330.00 329.00 316.00 317.00 Crude protein, g 250.00 250.00 250.00 250.00

Table 3 Composition and nutritional value of feed for broiler chickens during the growth period "Growth" Indicators Group one 2 3 4 (claimed feed) Wheat 16.00 16.00 16.00 - Corn 42.49 22.30 4.00 - Sorghum - 20.00 30.00 50.00 Fish flour 5.00 5.00 - - Fodder yeast 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 Extruded soy 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 Sunflower meal 7.00 7.00 20.00 20.00 Soybean meal 9.00 9.00 9.00 9.00 Premix 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 Common salt 0.16 0.16 0.16 0.16 Chalk feed 0.80 0.80 0.80 0.80 Defluorinated Phosphate 1.20 1.20 1.20 1.20 Methionine 0.12 0.22 0.32 0.32

Lysine 0.23 0.32 0.51 0.52 Sunflower oil 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0

From the data of table 2 it follows that during the start-up period, the composition of the feed for broiler chickens of the control group 1, the grain components consist of wheat and corn, fish meal is 7%, synthetic methionine is 0.17% and lysine is 0, 23% In the second group, 20% of the mass of corn was replaced by an equivalent mass of sorghum grain, and the content of synthetic amino acids — lysine (0.27%) and methionine (0.22%) was increased. In the third group, with a 30% replacement of corn by an equal mass amount of sorghum, expensive fish meal was excluded from the composition of broiler chicken feed and the lysine content was doubled - 0.45%, methionine was 0.28% by weight stern.

In the fourth group, corn and wheat were completely replaced with sorghum with the exception of fishmeal; the required protein level was ensured by increasing the content of sunflower meal in the diet to 20%, methionine and lysine. An increase in synthetic amino acids makes up for the lack of animal protein in the diet without harming the health and productivity of the bird. Poultry products obtained on diets with a high content of synthetic amino acids are absolutely safe for humans and environmentally friendly.

Fishmeal is an expensive protein feed of animal origin. In addition, it has a short shelf life, is susceptible to oxidation and bacterial contamination, which can cause mass poisoning and death of the bird. Therefore, in all periods of cultivation - “Start”, “Growth” and “Finish” in the claimed invention, fish meal is not included in the feed.

The use of developed diets allows not only to leave productivity at the level of diets containing fishmeal, but also significantly increase the growth rate of broiler chickens, reduce feed costs per unit of production, ensure 100% preservation of the livestock and significantly reduce the cost of feed.

Table 4 Composition and nutritional value of feed for broiler chickens during the rearing period "Finish" Indicators Group one 2 3 4 (claimed feed) Wheat 20.00 20.00 18.18 - Corn 38.38 18.27 - - Sorghum - 20.00 30.00 48.00 Fodder yeast 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 Extruded soy 13.00 13.00 13.00 13.00 Sunflower meal 10.00 10.00 20.00 20.00 Soybean meal 8.20 8.20 8.20 8.20 Premix 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 Common salt 0.17 0.17 0.17 0.17 Chalk feed 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.90 Defluorinated Phosphate 1.20 1.20 1.20 1.20 Methionine 0.06 0.11 0.09 0.18 Lysine 0.09 0.15 0.26 0.35 Sunflower oil 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0

In the periods of growth "Growth" and "Finish" in the composition of the feed of broiler chickens, according to the invention, includes methionine and lysine in an increased amount. In the periods of growth of “Growth” and “Finish”, sunflower oil is included in the composition of the feed to increase the content of the exchange energy of the feed in an amount from 0.4 to 2.9%.

The exchange energy of the claimed feed was slightly lower than in the feed for broiler chickens of the 1st control group, due to the fact that sorghum contains less of it compared to corn and wheat. However, this indicator was fully consistent with the norm for feeding broiler chickens, and the protein contained the same amount in the diet of both the first and experimental groups.

When conducting a series of studies on the various standards for introducing feed sorghum into broiler chicken feed, the best results were shown by the invention claimed to completely replace traditional grain components with sorghum grain.

Table 5 Research results Indicators Group one 2 3 4 (claimed feed) Live weight of chickens in a day old, g 39.9 39.9 39.9 39.9 Live weight of chickens at 42 days, g 2698 2811 2777 2868 The average daily gain in live weight, g 63.3 66.0 65.18 67.3 % To control one hundred 104.3 103 106.3 The average daily feed intake per head, g 139.2 140.0 136.2 136.0 % To control one hundred 100.6 97.8 97.7 The cost of feed per 1 kg of increase in live weight, kg 2.20 2.12 2.09 2.02 % To control one hundred 96.4 95.0 91.8 Preservation,% 91 91 93 one hundred The cost of 1 kg of feed, rub 15,52 15,64 14.28 13.85 % To control one hundred 100.8 92.0 89.2 The cost of gross output, rubles 5691.9 5934.8 6016.1 6689.7 Received additional profit, rub - 242.9 324,2 997.8

Based on the results obtained, it can be concluded that the exclusion of fishmeal from broiler chicken feed and an increase in the content of synthetic amino acids in it somewhat reduce feed intake in the third (prototype) and fourth (application) groups by 2.2-2.3% . However, at the same time, feed costs per 1 kg of live weight gain in the second group decreased by 3.6%, in the third - by 5.0%, and in the fourth - by 8.2%. The safety of the livestock in the second group was at the control level, in the third group it increased by 2%, and in the fourth - by 9%. In the group of chickens, when corn and wheat were completely replaced with grain, sorghum was not a case at all for the entire period of the experiment.

The exclusion of expensive fishmeal and the replacement of traditional grain components - corn and wheat with cheaper sorghum significantly reduced the cost of diets in the third and fourth groups by 8.0 and 10.8%, respectively. The largest additional profit was received from chickens of the fourth experimental group - 997.8 rubles, or 23.2 rubles per 1 grown head.

Thus, the proposed composition of the feed for broiler chickens makes it possible to increase the growth rate of broiler chickens, reduce the cost of feed and reduce its costs, save traditional crops, which allows to obtain the claimed technical result.

Claims (3)

1. Food for feeding broiler chickens in the initial period, having a grain component containing sorghum and a non-grain component consisting of synthetic methionine, synthetic lysine, 5.00 fodder yeast; 12.50 extruded soybeans; 20.00 sunflower meal; 14.00 soybean meal; 1.00 premix; 0.12 salt; 1.01 chalk feed; 1.30 defluorinated phosphate, characterized in that the broiler chicken feed contains 0.27 synthetic methionine; 0.43 synthetic lysine; 44.37 sorghum taken in% of the total feed mass, and the proportion of sorghum in the grain component of the feed is 100%. 2. Food for feeding broiler chickens during the growing period, having a grain component containing sorghum and a non-grain component consisting of synthetic methionine, synthetic lysine, 5.00 fodder yeast; 10.00 extruded soybeans; 20.00 sunflower meal; 8.00 soybean meal; 1.00 premix; 0.16 table salt; 0.85 chalk feed; 1.45 defluorinated phosphate, characterized in that the broiler chicken feed contains 0.36 synthetic methionine; 0.54 synthetic lysine; 2.10 sunflower oil; 50.54 sorghum taken in% of the total mass of feed, and the proportion of sorghum in the grain component of the feed is 100%. 3. Food for feeding broiler chickens in the finishing period, having a grain component containing sorghum, and a non-grain component consisting of synthetic methionine, synthetic lysine, 5.00 fodder yeast; 13.00 extruded soybeans; 20.00 sunflower meal; 1.00 premix; 0.21 salt; 0.91 chalk feed; 1.00 defluorinated phosphate, characterized in that the broiler chicken feed contains 0.16 synthetic methionine; 0.33 synthetic lysine; 2.90 sunflower oil; 55.49 sorghum taken in% of the total mass of feed, and the proportion of sorghum in the grain component of the feed is 100%.