RU2346458C1 - Method for preparation of fish food - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: phytin in amount of 10 to 200 mg/kg of food is used as growth enhancement additive; prior to introduction into feed mixture, it is useful to mix phytin with premix.

EFFECT: enhanced growth promoting effect and reduced feed utilisation.

2 cl, 4 tbl, 4 ex

Description

The invention relates to feed production, in particular to methods for preparing fish feed with the introduction of substances with growth-promoting effect, contributing to increased survival and the accumulation of nutrients in the fish body.

There is a method of preparing feed for fish, in which feed antibiotics, nitrofurans or sulfanilamides are added to the feed as growth-promoting preparations (see "Veterinary Legislation", v.3. Section 4. - M .: Kolos, 1981. - P.128 -130).

These drugs have a growth-promoting effect on growth due to the destruction of pathogenic microbes in the digestive tract of fish and, therefore, their stimulating effect is to prevent infectious diseases that reduce fish growth.

However, these drugs accumulate in the tissues of fish in the form of persistent compounds, which is unsafe for humans, therefore, their use is advisable only for therapeutic purposes. In this regard, the urgent problem is the search and development of growth-promoting supplements that do not have a direct therapeutic effect, are not toxic, and do not have the ability to accumulate in the body.

The closest to the purpose of the claimed invention in terms of essential features is a method of preparing fish food, comprising introducing a growth-promoting additive in the form of a complex compound or a mixture of inosine and the acid salt of dimethylaminoisopropanol.

Inosine complex compounds do not have a direct chemotherapeutic effect, and the growth-promoting effect is achieved by stimulating the body's immune system and inhibiting the growth of viral proteins. However, the introduction of feed growth-promoting additives according to the known method is not effective enough. In addition, since this additive is readily soluble in water, its use requires special technology for the preparation of fish food in the form of fat-based granules with a shell insoluble in water. This increases the cost of preparing the feed and reduces its effectiveness during storage and use.

The present invention is directed to increasing the growth-promoting effect of feed by increasing mass accumulation, fish survival, reducing feed costs and improving the manufacturability of feed production.

The specified technical result is achieved by the fact that in the known method of preparation of feed, comprising introducing a growth-promoting additive into the feed mixture, the peculiarity is that phytin is used as growth-promoting additive in an amount of from 10 to 200 mg / kg of fish feed.

In this case, it is advisable to pre-mix the phytin before introducing it into the feed mixture with the premix.

Phytin is a flavourless, slightly soluble, white, amorphous powder containing 36% organically bound phosphoric acid. The growth-promoting effect of phytin is due to the fact that it contains a mixture of calcium and magnesium salts of various inositol phosphoric acids, mainly inositol hexaphosphoric acid, and, thus, is involved in the synthesis of inositol phospholipids, which make up a significant part of fat structures and are similar in structure to phospholipids. In addition, phytin stimulates blood formation, enhances the growth and development of bone tissue; improves the function of the nervous system in diseases associated with a lack of phosphorus in the body.

Fitin is a fairly cheap and affordable drug, which is obtained from fat-free hemp and other meal. It is made in Russia. Due to its low solubility in water, its losses when feeding fish are negligible. However, it is an affordable and easily digestible component, since it dissolves in the acidic environment of the intestinal tract of fish. Moreover, its introduction into the feed does not require additional equipment and is carried out both by mixing with the main components, and through the premix.

The boundary values of the amount of phytin introduced into the feed mixture from 10 to 200 mg / kg of feed were selected as a result of experimental studies and are determined by the need of fish depending on its type and weight in a phosphorus-containing additive.

The introduction of phytin at a concentration below 10 mg / kg of feed is not sufficient for the growth-promoting effect of the feed, and above 200 mg / kg of feed does not have a positive effect on fish growth and is not economically justified.

Before introducing phytin into the feed mixture, it is advisable to pre-mix with the premix, because this contributes to a more uniform distribution in the feed mass.

Thus, the set of distinctive features of the described method ensures the achievement of the specified technical result.

As a result of the analysis of the prior art, a source characterized by features identical to all the essential features of the claimed invention was not found. Therefore, the claimed invention meets the condition of "novelty."

An additional search for known solutions showed that the claimed invention does not follow explicitly from the prior art for a specialist. Therefore, the claimed invention meets the condition of "inventive step".

Information confirming the possibility of carrying out the invention with obtaining the above technical result.

The method is as follows.

Phytin is introduced into the prepared feed mixture in a concentration of 10 to 200 mg / kg of feed. In this case, it is introduced directly into the feed mixture or pre-mixed with the premix. The resulting feed mixture is subjected to further processing to obtain the finished product.

The invention is illustrated by examples.

Example 1

At the VNIIPRKh laboratory setup, experimental batches of starter feed for the AK-1FS recipe were prepared, in which phytin was added in the amount of 10 to 200 mg / kg of feed as a growth-promoting additive, pre-mixed with PF-3V premix. Feed options were used to feed planting material - trout fry weighing 0.241-0.276 g. Fish was fed 8 times a day at the beginning of the experiment and 3 times a day at the end of the experiment as needed. The duration of the experiment was 83 days. As a control, the same food was used without the addition of phytin. The effectiveness of diets was determined by the intensity of mass accumulation, the level of feed consumption and fish survival. The physiological state was determined visually by the condition of the skin, gills, and liver. The results are presented in table 1.

Table 1 Fish and biological indicators of juvenile rainbow trout when using feed with different amounts of phytin Indicators The amount of phytin in the feed, mg / kg The control 10 fifty one hundred 200 The initial average weight, g 0.26 0.27 0.27 0.24 0.25 The final average weight, g 3.21 4.43 3.78 3,55 2.45 Growth, g 2.95 4.16 3,51 3.79 2.20 % to the initial mass 1134.5 1540 1300 1479 880 Mass storage coefficient,% to control 108.9 142.3 126.9 130.8 one hundred Feed costs,% of control 95.1 74.8 94.6 82.0 one hundred Survival rate,% 90.1 90.6 92.1 94.8 86.7 The dry matter content in the body of fish,% 22.9 23.6 23,4 24.5 19.8 Gross food conversion efficiency,% 24.1 30,2 23.9 28.5 19.0

As can be seen from Table 1, the introduction of phytin into the starting feed in concentrations from 10 to 200 mg / kg significantly increased the efficiency of growing trout juveniles. Feed costs decreased by 18-25% with an increase in the final weight of fish by 54-80% compared with the control. Fish survival increased by 4-8% compared to control. In all variants of the experiment, it was higher than in the control (86.7%).

Example 2. In the feed mixture of a standard production feed for trout RGM-8B, phytin was introduced in an amount of 200 mg / kg of feed. The prepared food was used for trout cultivation with an average weight of 34 g for 100 days. RGM-8B feed without phytin was used as a control. The results of the cultivation are given in table.2.

table 2 Fish and biological indicators of trout when using production feed with the addition of phytin Indicators Options RGM-8V + phytin (200 mg / kg) RGM-8V (control) The initial average weight, g 34.0 34.0 The final average weight, g 132.5 106,4 Growth, g 98.5 72,4 % to the initial mass 115.0 100.0 The cost of feed, units 1.22 1,5 % to control 81.3 100.0 Survival rate,% one hundred one hundred

As can be seen from Table 2, the introduction of 200 mg / kg phytin into the standard production trout feed increased fish growth by 15% while reducing feed costs by 18.7%.

Example 3. In production feed OT-6 for sturgeon, phytin was introduced directly into the feed mixture at a concentration of 10 mg / kg of feed. The prepared food was fed juveniles of Russian sturgeon weighing 28-34 g, which was grown under production conditions for 60 days. OT-6 recipe without phytin was used as control. The results are shown in table.3.

Table 3 Fish and biological indicators of the cultivation of Russian sturgeon when using production feed with the introduction of phytin in the amount of 10 mg / kg feed Indicators Options OT-6 + phytin (10 mg / kg) OT-6 (control) Initial mass, g 34.25 28.14 Mass, g 86.6 76.02 Growth, g 52.35 47.88 Survival rate,% 95 93 Feed costs, units 0.9 1,0

As can be seen from Table 3, the introduction of phytin into OT-6 feed in the amount of 10 mg / kg of feed during sturgeon cultivation allowed to increase fish growth by 9% and reduce feed costs by 10%.

Example 4. When growing juvenile trout for 100 days, AK-1FS feed was used with the addition of a phytin additive in an amount of 25 mg / kg of feed. After the experiment, the accumulation of nutrients in the fish body was controlled in comparison with the control (AK-1FS without phytin supplement). The results are shown in table 4.

Table 4 The accumulation of dry matter, crude protein, total lipids in the body of trout per 1 kg of initial weight, g Indicators AK-1FS + phytin (25 mg / kg) AK-1FS (control) Dry matter 794.4 615.2 Crude protein 425.6 332.6 Common lipids 230.9 175.0 Minerals 54.6 40.8

As can be seen from Table 4, in the body of the grown fish, when phytin supplementation was added to the feed, there was an increase in protein by 28%, lipids by 31.9%, and minerals by 33.8% compared with the control. Thus, when phytin supplements are added to the feed, fish growth occurs due to the accumulation of nutrients.

The above examples illustrate that feed prepared according to the present method for various types and masses of farmed fish have a growth-promoting effect, contribute to reducing feed costs, have a positive effect on the chemical composition of the body of fish.

Thus, the above information indicates that when using the claimed invention, the following combination of conditions:

- the method of preparation of feed according to the claimed invention is intended for use in feed production, in particular in the preparation of feed for fish with the introduction of additives with growth-promoting effect;

- for the claimed method in the form described in the independent clause of the claims, the possibility of its implementation using the means and methods described in the application is confirmed.

Therefore, the claimed invention meets the condition of "industrial applicability".

Claims (2)

1. A method of preparing fish feed, comprising introducing a growth-promoting additive into the feed mixture, characterized in that phytin is used as a growth-promoting additive in an amount of 10 to 200 mg / kg of feed. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the phytin is pre-mixed with the premix before being introduced into the feed mixture.