RU2392796C1 - Method for increasing productivity and viability of broiler chickens, laying hens and piglets - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to livestock farming. Method included adding chemical chalk miscellate with density of 1.3 kg/l-1.6 kg/l to ration, introducing it with drinking water in dose of 0.26 ml/l-0/56 ml per 1l.

EFFECT: method makes it possible to improve viability and productivity of animals and birds.

6 tbl, 4 ex, 5 cl

Description

The invention relates to animal husbandry, in particular to methods of raising animals and birds using inorganic active ingredients in their diet, including calcium and other elements.

Feed quality is a key factor affecting the productivity of animals and poultry. To balance the usefulness of their nutrition in animal husbandry, protein-mineral-vitamin supplements and mineral dressings are widely used.

A known method of increasing the productivity of piglets by feeding as part of a feed or as self-feeding in a separate feeder in the amount of 10-60 g per day per head at the age of 0-4 months of a multimineral complex in the composition of limestone and a complex sorbent-adhesive complex. The particle size of the limestone was 0.2-0.5 mm, and their density of 0.7-1.2 g / cm ³ . The positive effect of feeding the multimineral complex was manifested in increasing the safety of piglets at the age of 0-4 months (Podobed L.I. Guidelines for calcium-phosphorus nutrition of farm animals and poultry. - Odessa, 2005. - 410 p. (P. 267, 276-277) )

There is a method of increasing the productivity of poultry by feeding as an additive a multimineral complex based on calcium carbonate limestones. To standard calcium carbonate minerals corresponding to GOST 26826-86 for feed limestones, several sorbents-ion exchangers with different properties and an adhesive component were added. After grinding and sieving the components, they were mixed at a certain ratio of fractions by weight from 1:10 to 1:50, while the particle size of the fractionated limestone was 0.2-1.5 mm and 0.5-2.0 mm, and their density 0.8-1.2 g / cm ³ . Multimineral complexes tested on laying hens Cross-line High Line. The egg production for the initial laying hen was 3.9–11% higher than the control, the egg mass significantly increased, and the feed consumption per unit of egg production decreased. The increase in poultry productivity was due to increased assimilation and use of calcium and phosphorus in the body of the bird (Podobed L.I. Guidelines for calcium-phosphorus nutrition of farm animals and poultry. - Odessa, 2005. - 410 p. (P. 242, 265-272 )

However, the known methods are not always able to ensure the completeness of mineral nutrition, since studies have established that the deficiency of mineral substances in the body when feeding defective feeds and diets and the consumption of water poor in minerals is not made up for when animals receive their standard diet with the necessary energy value and an excess of dry minerals. Therefore, the problem of further increasing the productivity of animals and poultry and increasing the economic efficiency of their economic use requires the creation of new and improvement of existing methods for regulating their productivity, in particular, on the basis of improving mineral nutrition and the use of new mineral complexes.

A known method of increasing the growth rate and development of young farm animals and poultry, taken as a prototype, by evaporating through a drinking system or an individually liquid water-soluble mineral supplement MIXOLIGO PLUS for 4-6 days to broiler chickens on days 20-22, hens - to hens 10-14 days before the start of oviposition and at the peak of oviposition at a dose of 1 ml / l of water, to suckling pigs from 5-7 days of life at a dose of 5 ml / l of water.

The additive included per 1 liter of water: phosphorus - 140 g, phosphorus in the chelate form P ₂₀₅ - 320 g, calcium - 20 g, sodium - 45 g, magnesium - 10 g, zinc - 2.5 g, manganese - 2, 5 g, iron - 2.5 g, copper - 0.5 g, cobalt - 0.05 g, selenium (Na ₂ SeO ₃ ) - 20 mg. The minerals were contained in soluble form (MIXOLIGO® PLUS / MIXOLIGO®PLUS. Liquid water-soluble mineral supplement for farm animals and birds // RazVetInform. - 2007. No. 8. - P.34). The method involves the use of this additive not only to increase the productivity of animals and birds, but also as an anti-stress agent. However, the components of this drug are in soluble ionic form, which makes them highly reactive and requires extremely accurate dosing and a strictly defined duration of use. The preparation contains an excessive amount of phosphorus, which allows the possibility of only its short-term use (4-6 days) and primarily for therapeutic purposes. To regulate the productivity of animals and birds and the prevention of their diseases, a relatively long-term use of mineral complexes in their nutrition is required.

When creating the present invention, the task was to develop a method for regulating, increasing the productivity of animals and birds, as well as their viability based on improving mineral nutrition by saturating drinking water with minerals, increasing their availability and digestibility by ensuring that they are not in ionic, but in water micellar form.

The technical result of the invention is achieved by the fact that the proposed method of regulating the productivity of animals and birds, including the introduction into their body of biologically active minerals, characterized in that as biologically active minerals of sparingly soluble salts, animals and birds additionally introduce mineral elements with drinking water or their compounds into colloidal form in the form of micelles (micelates), and broilers from a day old until completion of cultivation are given calcium carbonate micelate of the brand “O” with lotus 1.3-1.6 kg / l in a dose of 0.26 - 0.56 ml per 1 liter of water; laying hens in the period of oviposition are injected with calcium carbonate micellate brand “O” with a density of 1.3-1.6 kg / l at a dose of 0.35 ml / l - 0.37 ml per 1 liter of water; when growing from 15 days to 2 months of age, piglets are injected with grade “A” calcium carbonate micelate with a density of 1.45 kg / l in a dose of 0.5 ml per 1 liter of water or grade “A” calcium carbonate micellate in a dose of 0, 5 ml per 1 liter of water in combination with a biosilicon complex in the amount of 5 mg / kg body weight per day in the form of a 0.5% solution.

Micellate complexes were introduced dropwise into drinking water at the rate of broiler chickens 7-15 drops per liter of water, which corresponds to 0.26 ml / l - 0.56 ml / l of water; laying hens 10 drops per liter of water, which corresponds to 0.35 ml / l - 0.37 ml / l of water; piglets - directly graduated pipette.

The conversion of sparingly soluble salts of various minerals not into an ionic, but into a colloidal form with a significant amount of microparticles in the form of micelles, allows one to obtain biologically active, well-assimilable complexes of vital elements in various concentrations and combinations with each other. Such mineral complexes - micelates, when introduced into drinking water due to the small size of the micelle particles, large active surface, high density and energy saturation, exhibit abnormally high adhesion, directional diffusion, autolysis, catalytic and other physicochemical and biological properties.

The first drug of this type - calcium carbonate micellate was obtained and is made from natural carbonate minerals (manufacturer ZAO Petrokhim (Belgorod)). For individual conditioning of the composition of drinking water, Slavyanskaya Pharmacy LLC (Moscow), in accordance with TU 5743-001-43646913-2006 (attached) under the Mitsellat trademark (mineral additive for conditioning drinking water) produces several types of micellized preparations that differ in the composition and concentration of various elements.

In experimental works, the preparation used was the calcium carbonate micellate of the O and A grade; the latter was additionally enriched with magnesium, zinc and chromium in micellar form; the content of macro- and micronutrients in the preparations are shown in table 1.

Hygienic assessment of calcium carbonate micellate carried out at the Scientific Research Institute of Human Ecology and Environmental Health named after A.N. Sysina RAS, showed that it can be used to purify and condition the quality of drinking water to fill the deficit of calcium and magnesium, as well as for the preparation of artificially mineralized water (Accreditation certificate of the Department of State Sanitary and Epidemiological Supervision of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation GSEN. RU. ЦОА. 234, No. РОСС RU. 0001 511603 of April 23, 2004, conclusion No. 6/123 of October 19, 2005, is attached). Based on the aforementioned assessment studies, the Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Welfare issued SEZ No. 77.99.02.574. D.007019.12.04 of December 16, 2004 for calcium carbonate micelate ("Aleksanat", trademark "O") and SEZ No. 77.99.27.574. D.005847. July 5, dated May 23, 2007 for enriched calcium carbonate micelate ("Micellate", trademark "A"), (attached).

The composition of calcium carbonate micelate in FIPS Rospatent filed application No. 2007147669 of 12/21/2007 for the invention.

Calcium carbonate micellate, used for introducing into drinking water broiler chickens and laying hens (brand "O"), as well as piglets (brand "A") is a colloidal solution of calcium carbonate with a white density of 1.3 - 1.6 kg / l, active surface up to 500 m ² ml, obtained from Cretaceous fossil deposits of marine origin. When calcium carbonate micellate is introduced into water, neutrally charged micelles (particles with a size of 10 ^-7 -10 ^-9 m) are formed, which exhibit great activity and sorption ability.

The content of macro- and micronutrients in the preparation varies depending on the brand of micellate. The dosage of the drug is carried out in drops or a graduated pipette.

Table 1 The content of macro- and microelements in one drop of calcium carbonate micelate Name of macro- and microelements The content of macro- and micronutrients in one drop of micelle, mg The content of macro- and micronutrients of micellate by dry residue in terms of carbonates,% Brand "O" Brand A Brand "O" Brand A Calcium (Ca ²⁺ ) 14.5 12.5 39 33.8 Magnesium (Mg ²⁺ ) 0.3 2.5 0.8 6.7 Zinc (Zn ²⁺ ) Traces 0.1 Traces 0.27 Chrome (Cr ³⁺ ) Traces 0.003 Traces 0.008

Mark "O" provides an additional enrichment of drinking water with calcium in the active form of any desired concentration; preparation of aqueous carbonate solutions.

Brand "A" contributes to the additional enrichment of drinking water with calcium, magnesium, zinc, chromium (Recommendations for the use of micellate according to TU 5743-001-43646913-2006).

"A" grade calcium carbonate micellate provides the binding and neutralization of carcinogens, free radicals that come with food, and their removal from the body in a natural way. The complex of bioelements in micellar form allows, in contrast to the ionic forms of these elements, firstly, to avoid stone formation, and secondly, to create and maintain the necessary supply of easily assimilable minerals in the body, which, if not needed, are easily eliminated without causing any damage its physiological functions.

The organosilicon complex used in the cultivation of piglets up to 2 months of age as an enhancer of the action of calcium carbonate micelate brand “A” is produced on the basis of biologically active compounds - silatranes. It activates the processes of metabolism and blood formation, protein biosynthesis and redox reactions in cells, increases the activity of enzymes. Under the influence of this complex, cell regeneration processes are stimulated, reproductive ability is increased, vitamin metabolism is improved, immunity and protective properties of the body are strengthened.

и их производные нашли применение в медицине, животноводстве и растениеводстве (Воронков М.Г., Барышок В.П. Силатраны в медицине и сельском хозяйстве. - Новосибирск: Изд-во СО РАН, 2005. - 258 с.).Silatranes - intra-complex tricyclic silicon esters of triethanolamine with the general formula

and their derivatives have found application in medicine, animal husbandry and crop production (Voronkov MG, Baryshok VP Silatrany in medicine and agriculture. - Novosibirsk: Publishing house of the SB RAS, 2005. - 258 p.).

The achievement of the technical result is confirmed by scientific and production experiments. The following examples illustrate them.

Example 1. In June-July 2008, in the vivarium ECP GNU VNITIP of the Russian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, the preparation of calcium carbonate micellate (grade “O”) was tested on broiler chickens from daily to 37 days of age. Broiler chickens from the Avian 48 cross were kept in 140-type P-15 type cell batteries in the experimental and control versions. Planting rates, light, temperature and humidity conditions, the front of feeding and watering in all age periods corresponded to the recommendations of VNITIP and were the same for both groups. The bird was fed with full-feed compound feeds with nutrition according to the norms of VNITIP (2006) ad libitum. For broilers of the experimental group, the drug was drunk at a dose of 7 drops per 1 liter of drinking water, which corresponded to the additional introduction of 110 mg / l of calcium carbonate in micellar form into the drinking water with a density of 1.3 kg / l with a total volume of 0.26 ml / l. In the control group, broilers were grown without giving the drug. The results of the production test of the drug are presented in table 2.

table 2 The results of a production test of the preparation of calcium carbonate micellate brand “O” on broiler chickens (2008) Indicator Group of chickens Experienced Control Accepted for cultivation, goal. 140 140 Growing period, days 37 37 The safety of the livestock,% 99.3 99.3 The number of chickens at the end of the rearing, goal. 139 139 The average live weight of 1 head at the end of cultivation, g 2151.3 2103.1 Gross increase in live weight, kg 291.04 286.47 The average daily gain in live weight, g 57.0 55.7 Feed consumption, total, kg 474.4 481.3 Feed consumption per 1 kg gain in live weight, kg 1,63 1.68 Feed consumption per 1 head, kg 3,413 3,463 The cost of 1 kg of gain in live weight, rubles. 55.50 56.16 Economic effect, rub. 192.09 no

As a result of the inspection, it was found that the introduction of calcium carbonate micellate (O) grade into the body of broiler chickens with drinking water for a period of 37 days at a dose of 0.26 ml / l contributed to an increase in the average daily gain in live weight by 2.3%, some reduce feed consumption per unit of output. The economic effect of the use of the drug per 1000 heads, taking into account its cost, amounted to 809 rubles.

Example 2. When introduced into the water for drinking broiler chickens, calcium carbonate micellate of grade “O” with a density of 1.6 kg / l at a dose of 0.56 ml / l of water when growing them from daily to 39 days in the experimental group of compared with the control, the safety of poultry increased by 2.9%, feed consumption per 1 kg of live weight decreased by 3.8% (table 3). The increase in the productivity of broiler chickens was facilitated by an increase in the intensity of physiological processes: protein digestibility increased by 1.3%, and the use of nitrogen by 1.5%; there was an improvement in the digestibility of fat by 1.1%, the availability of lysine and methionine by 1.5-1.4%, and also the use of calcium and phosphorus (by 0.2-0.9%).

Table 3 The results of the use of calcium carbonate micellate in the cultivation of broiler chickens up to 39 days of age Indicator Group Experienced Control Preservation,% 100.0 97.1 Live weight of 1 head in 39 days, g 2213.7 2138.2 Feed consumption per 1 kg of live weight, kg 1.77 1.84 The same,% to control 96.2 100.0

Example 3. Studies on the effect of the preparation of calcium carbonate micellate brand “O” on the productivity of laying hens were conducted in the vivarium of the State Unitary Enterprise “EPH VNITIP”. Laying hens of the Radonezh cross from 20 to 46 weeks of age were kept in cell batteries; the conditions of keeping the hens of the control and experimental groups were the same and corresponded to the recommendations of VNITIP 2008-2009. (temperature, humidity, light, density). Feeding the hens was carried out with full feed according to the norms of VNITIP (2008-2009) ad libitum.

The experimental bird received calcium carbonate micellate with a density of 1.3 - 1.6 kg / l with water at a dose of 10 drops or 0.35-0.37 ml per 1 liter of water (table 4).

Table 4. The results of the use of calcium carbonate micellate on laying hens Group Control Experienced Initial stock, goal. 70 70 The safety of chickens,% 100.0 100.0 Live weight at the beginning of the experiment, g 1558 ± 16.9 1582 ± 20.8 Live weight at the end of the experiment, g 1818 ± 20.0 1800 ± 35.0 Egg laying on an average layer, pcs. 157.9 161.2 % to control 100.0 102.1 The intensity of egg production,% 86.7 88.6 The average egg mass for the entire period, g 59.8 60.6 Received egg mass from a layer, kg 9,445 9,769 Feed consumed per 1 goal. per day, g 122.6 123.7 % to control 100.0 100.9 Feed costs, kg: per 10 eggs 1.41 1.40 % to control 100.0 99.3 per 1 kg of egg mass 2,36 2.26 % to control 100.0 95.8 Elastic deformation, microns 24 ± 0.65 22 ± 0.50 Shell thickness, mm 0.29 0.32

The average egg weight over the entire period of keeping in the experimental group of hens was 60.6 g and was higher than the control by 1.3%. Due to the higher productivity, more egg mass (9.769 kg) was obtained from the experimental bird, which is 3.4% higher than that of the control chickens (9.445 kg). The thickness of the eggshell in the experimental layers was 0.32 mm, or 10.3% more than in the control. To obtain 10 eggs and 1 kg of egg mass in the group of experimental chickens, feed was consumed less by 0.7 and 4.2%, respectively (see table 4).

The increase in egg productivity of laying hens and the decrease in feed consumption per unit of production in the study were due to the increased intensity of metabolic processes in the poultry due to improved absorption and assimilation of nutrients supplied with the feed, as evidenced by the results of physiological experience.

Example 4. In March-July 2008, on the farm of the collective farm to them. A.M. Guryanova, Kaluga Region 4 groups of suction sows with piglets were formed: 3 nests in each, with the exception of the third experimental group, where there were two nests. One group was a control.

Piglets of the first experimental group received calcium carbonate micellate brand “A” with a density of 1.3 - 1.6 kg / l at a dose of 0.5 ml / l of water; the second experimental group - the same drug in a dose of 1.0 ml / l of water; the third experimental group - calcium carbonate micellate brand "A" at a dose of 0.5 ml / l of water in combination with a biosilicon complex in the amount of 5 mg / kg body weight per day in the form of a 0.5% solution; Piglets of the fourth group (control) consumed water without adding test drugs.

The nutrient content in the doses of the preparations used is presented in table 5.

Table 5 The content of minerals in doses of drugs Experienced groups Dose of the drug The content of the mineral element, mg per 1 liter of drinking water Sa Mg Fe Zn Cr one 0.5 ml / l ¹⁾ 156.25 31.25 0.25 0.125 0,0375 2 1.0 ml / l ¹⁾ 312.5 62.5 0.5 0.25 0,075 3 0.5 ml / l ¹⁾ +5 mg / kg body weight per day ²⁾ per 1 head 156.25 31.25 0.25 0.125 0,0375 ¹⁾ Calcium carbonate micellate brand "A". ²⁾ Organosilicon complex.

The duration of growing pigs ranged from birth to 60 days of age (before weaning) and from 61 to 120 days of age; the period of use of the drugs is 45 days: from 15 to 60 days of age. The average daily gain during the growing period and the average live weight of one head at 60 and 120 days of age are presented in table 6.

Table 6 Average daily gain and live weight of 1 head of suckling piglets at 60- and 120-day-olds Groups of piglets The average daily gain in live weight, g / goal. The average live weight of 1 goal. at the age of 60 and 120 days, kg Live weight 1 goal. in 4 months of age in relation to control,% From birth to 60 days 61-120 days 1 experienced 273 395 16.8 / 41.3 118.9 2 experienced 221 368 14.6 / 40.5 128.4 3 experienced 281 474 17.6 / 45.7 142.7 Control 247 332 15.1 / 35.4 100.0

The results of growing piglets of the 1st and 2nd experimental groups show that a dose of 0.5 ml / l is an effective dose of calcium carbonate micellate for piglets in the growing period: doubling the dose reduced the growth rate of piglets in the initial growing period. So, in the first two weeks of using calcium carbonate micellate, there was a tendency to accelerate the growth of piglets of the first experimental group, which was fixed in the next 30 days and manifested itself in an increase in average daily growth at the level of 105.5% relative to the control. In general, over 45 days of using the drug, the average daily gain in live weight of piglets in the first experimental group was 273 g, which was higher than in the control by 26 g or 10.5%, while in the second experimental group receiving calcium carbonate micellate in a double dose, it was only 221 g, which was 52 g lower than in the first experimental group, and 26 g less, or 19.1 and 10.6%, respectively, compared to the control.

The combined use of calcium carbonate micelate in a reduced dose (0.5 ml / l of water) with an organosilicon preparation was the most effective. In this embodiment, the average daily increase was the largest and amounted to an average of 281 g, which was 8 g higher than in the first experimental group, and 34 g than in the control. The joint giving of these drugs stimulated the growth of piglets, that is, had a regulatory effect on their productivity from the first days of their use.

Based on the hematological and biochemical blood parameters of the experimental animals, it was found that the use of the studied bioelement complex positively affects the functional state of the liver and its protein-forming function, ensures the formation of more stable cellular immunity by increasing the number of immunocompetent B-lymphocytes in the blood and, most importantly, separately and in combination with an organosilicon preparation, it allows the formation of “productive health” of piglets. After the cessation of drug administration in the period from weaning to 4 months of age, their genetically determined potential is more fully realized. So, in weaners who received a reduced dose of calcium carbonate micellate during the growth period up to four months, the total increase in live weight was 24.5 kg with an average daily increase of 395 g, which was higher than in the control by 63 g or by 18.9 % In weaners who received the drug in a double dose (1 ml / l) during the suction period, the average daily increase after weaning (from 61 to 120 days) exceeded that of the control group by 36 g, which ultimately amounted to 28.4% relative to control. With the combined use of drugs (3rd experimental group), the total increase was 28.1 kg with an average daily gain of 474 g, which was the highest level among all the experimental groups.

Consequently, in the early stage of ontogenesis, the giving of calcium carbonate micelate and the organosilicon drug adaptogen had a stimulating effect on the formation and development of the functional systems of the body of piglets, which determine their productive health. As a result, the genetic potential of their productivity was more fully realized.

Experimental studies have confirmed the possibility of industrial use of the present invention in poultry and pig farming.

Based on the results of studies of physiological and metabolic processes in the body of broiler chickens during the rearing period, laying hens during the laying period and piglets in the suckling and post-weaning periods of rearing, characterizing the stimulating effect of the studied carbonate minerals, their complexes in micellar form separately and in combination with organosilicon a means of their productivity and viability, we can assume the appropriateness of applying the invention to other species of animals and birds.

Claims (5)

1. A method of increasing the productivity and vitality of broiler chickens, laying hens and piglets, including the introduction of biologically active minerals into their bodies, characterized in that calcium carbonate micellate with a density of 1.3-1.6 kg / is used as biologically active minerals l, which is injected with drinking water at a dose of 0.26-0.56 ml per 1 liter of water. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the broiler chickens are injected with calcium carbonate micellate from day old to completion of the cultivation. 3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the laying hens are injected with calcium carbonate micellate during egg laying at a dose of 0.35-0.37 ml per 1 liter of water. 4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the piglets are injected with calcium carbonate micellate when growing from 15 days to 2 months of age at a dose of 0.5 ml per 1 liter of water. 5. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that the piglets are additionally administered a biosilicon complex in an amount of 5 mg / kg body weight per day in the form of a 0.5% solution.