RU2562943C2 - Method of growing calves - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to veterinary medicine. For growing calves, the stimulating mineral feed additive is added into the diet, which is used as a preparation of micellae of calcium carbonate "Alexanat Zoo". The preparation solution is given to drink daily for 60 days in a dose of 10 ml per head. Before administering to calves the additive is diluted in two litres of milk. The preparation "Alexanat Zoo" of grade A and density of 1400-1500 g/l is used.

EFFECT: invention provides an increase in weight gain in calves, improved biochemical profile of blood in animals with efficient exposure of the preparation after the termination of its use.

2 cl, 8 tbl

Description

The invention relates to veterinary medicine, in particular animal husbandry, to the field of preventive, recreational and therapeutic measures aimed at increasing the efficiency of raising calves, and can be used on livestock industrial complexes, on small commodity farms with various technologies for keeping animals, in breeding and farming farms.

A known method of growing calves, which consists in the fact that when feeding animals with colostrum and an additional mixture, they use a 5% solution of honey in 40% alcohol at the rate of 50 ml per dose for 5 days. For calves with signs of diarrhea, the dose of the mixture is increased to 100 ml at a time. If diarrhea lasts for more than two days, the calves are given antibiotics (see RF Patent 2056113 A61K 35/20. Publ. 03.20.1996).

The disadvantage of this method is the inability to standardize the proposed drug for the content of biologically active substances of honey, the complexity of the method due to the need for its pre-treatment before use and additional drinking between feedings, and the use of antibiotics together with alcohol can cause adverse reactions.

There is also known a method of growing calves of the dairy period, including feeding young calves a substitute for whole milk (milk replacer), and feeding dairy products is carried out after the introduction of the humic preparation of peat oxidate in the composition of a substitute for whole milk for calves or other dairy products at a rate of 0.6-1.6 ml / kg of calf live weight per day for the entire period of use of dairy feed, starting from 20-25 days of age of the animal (see RF Patent 21864881, A01K 1/00. Published on 08/10/2002).

The disadvantage of this method is that it is not indicated for use in newborn calves (it begins to be used when animals reach a mass of 44.25 ± 1.75 kg), therefore, it does not increase their preservation and stimulate growth during critical periods of growth - milk and colostrum and does not have a preventive effect in relation to the development of gastrointestinal diseases.

It is also known to use various calcium-containing feed additives of increased digestibility to increase the growth rate of animals, for example, the use of calcium succinate (calcium succinate) with a particle size of 400-630 mmk increases the use of feed by 1 kg of growth in animals (see ed. Certificate No. 1375230, A23K 1/16, publ. 02/23/1988 Bull. No. 7). With ease of use, various calcium-containing additives have their own limitations or are not produced by domestic industry.

The objective of the invention is to develop a method for improving the safety and productivity of calves when they are raised from birth without the use of expensive medications, with the expansion of the range of calcium-containing preparations of domestic production from natural mineral natural raw materials that do not require large labor costs and funds for the manufacture and use of simple, but allowing to significantly increase the quantity and quality of products received from calves.

The problem is solved in that, as a mineral feed calcium-containing supplement, calves are daily fed the A-grade Aleksanat Zoo calcium carbonate micellate preparation, and the drug is administered at a dose of 10 ml per head for sixty days, while the drug is diluted with milk in the amount of two liters before administration , and Aleksanat Zoo use a density of 1400-1550 g / l produced by Slavyanskaya Pharmacy LLC.

"Aleksanat Zoo" is a domestic preparation developed using the latest technology, which contains mineral elements in the form of micelles, which significantly improves their absorption and provides the emergence of new properties.

Micellates are obtained from environmentally friendly natural carbonate minerals by deep peptization using selective cavitation in resonance mode on supersaturated sorbed shells of aggregate systems in the mother liquor. The size of the resulting particles is 10 ^-6 -10 ^-7 m, the active surface is up to 500 m ² / ml, the density is up to 1.6 g / ml. As a result of the high non-stoichiometric composition, the resulting preparations exhibit abnormally high adhesion, directional diffusion, autolysis, catalytic and other physicochemical properties. When the Aleksanat Zoo preparation is introduced into water or another liquid, each particle of the mineral coated with numerous water layers in the form of a neutrally charged micelle, due to its high “zeta potential”, acquires high mobility and great activity. It is able to react with extraneous impurities in aqueous solutions, and when it enters the body of animals it delivers the necessary macro- and microelements to those organs and systems where they are needed.

In terms of organoleptic characteristics, “Alexonat Zoo” meets the requirements specified in table 1.

Table 1 Characteristic of the drug "Aleksanat Zoo" Name of indicator Characteristics Appearance, color White liquid Smell Without smell Density, g / l 1400-1550

Calcium carbonate micellate is a suspension of natural Cretaceous minerals - calcium and magnesium carbonates in colloidal form. Calcium carbonate micellate as a mineral additive for stabilizing drinking water is produced in accordance with TU 5743-056-54651030-2009, dated November 23, 2009 (certificate of conformity No. РОСС RU.ПН34.B00302 dated 11.23.2009, manufactured by Slavyanskaya Pharmacy LLC by order of Mitzellat LLC).

Previously, calcium carbonate micellate was used to increase the productivity and viability of broiler chickens, laying hens and piglets (see RF Patent No. 2392796, A01K 67/00. Publish. 06/26/2010), and the drug was used with a density of 1.3-1.6 kg / l with drinking water at a dose of 0.26-0.56 ml per liter of water for the bird for the entire growing period, and piglets for 45 days at a dose of 0.5 ml per 1 liter of water, but in young ruminants and others doses with milk, the drug was not used.

The content of mineral elements of the drug "Aleksanat Zoo" meets the requirements specified in table 2.

table 2 The content of mineral elements (g / l) in the drug "Aleksanat Zoo" Name of indicator Brand A Calcium 280-320 Magnesium 10-20 Iron 0.1-0.5 Zinc 1-2 Iodine 0.02-0.04 Silicon 1-2 Copper 0.2-0.4

* At the request of the customer, the drug can additionally be enriched with other trace elements.

In an aqueous weakly alkaline environment of the gastrointestinal tract, a negatively charged calcium carbonate micelle particle has a higher permeability than particles of another form of calcium carbonate, which leads to its higher bioavailability, independent of the presence of Group D vitamins. Microelements such as magnesium, manganese, copper , iron and organic inclusions contained in natural calcium carbonate contribute to better bioavailability.

“A” grade calcium carbonate micellate is additionally enriched with chromium and zinc. The drug provides binding and neutralization of carcinogens, free radicals that come with food, and their removal from the body in a natural way. The complex of bioelements in micellar form allows, in contrast to the ionic forms of these elements, firstly, to avoid stone formation, and secondly, to create and maintain the necessary supply of easily digestible minerals in the body, which, if not needed, are easily eliminated without causing any damage its physiological functions.

Studies of the proposed method of calf breeding were carried out at the GNU Ural NIVI of the Russian Agricultural Academy on the basis of agricultural enterprises of the Sverdlovsk region: Agro-Universal CJSC of the Polevsky district, Agrofirm Manchazhskaya LLC of the Artinsky district and BMK LLC of the Bogdanovichi district.

The novelty of the proposed method for growing calves is the use of the well-known preparation of calcium carbonate micelate "Alexanat Zoo" grade A with a density of 1400-1500 g / l for a new purpose for growing calves with other doses and terms of milking (at a dose of 10 ml per head for 60 days with dilution in 2 liters of milk).

An unobvious effect of the proposed method is to increase the gain in calves (gain in live weight) while improving the biochemical profile of blood in animals with an effective aftereffect of the drug after stopping its use.

In experiments, the drug was added to milk, which is a colloidal dispersed system, including colloidal calcium phosphate and casein in the form of micelles.

To assess the effectiveness of the drug, we took into account indicators of live weight gain, the incidence and safety of calves of the experimental and control groups, and the results of laboratory tests (immunohematological and biochemical analysis).

The parameters of the general blood test were determined using an Abacus automatic hematology analyzer (JuniorVet). An immunological study determined the absolute and relative content of T and B lymphocytes (by direct E and EAC rosette formation with sheep erythrocytes (M.A. Bazhin et al., 1989), the activity of phagocytosis using an opsonophagocytic reaction (C . I. Plyashchenko, VT Sidorov, 1979) using a culture of Staphylococcus aureus. Biochemical blood tests, including analysis of 24 indicators, were performed on a ChemWellCombi automatic biochemical analyzer (Awareness Technology, USA) using standard VitalDi reagent kits agnosticsSpb ". The economic efficiency of veterinary measures was calculated in accordance with the" Methodology for determining the economic efficiency of veterinary measures "(1997).

In the first series of scientific and production experiments, two groups of analog calves (experimental and control) of 10-14 days of age were formed, 10 animals each. The calves of the experimental group in addition to the main diet (OP) received calcium carbonate micellate (grade A) in a dose of 10 ml of solution, which corresponds to 120 mg of calcium carbonate, for 60 days. A solution of calcium micellate during evaporation was added to milk (in the amount of two liters), which allowed to ensure the optimal inclusion of this method in the technological cycle of calf rearing. The calves of the control group received the main diet, including milk (table 3).

When analyzing the level of safety and incidence of calves, it was found that in both groups the level of safety was 100.0%. Prior to the experiment, signs of metabolic disorders, such as alopecia (baldness) and perversion of appetite ("lick") in the experimental and control groups were recorded in 30.0% and 20.0% of animals, respectively. By the end of the experiment, in the first group of animals, clinical signs of metabolic disorders were not registered, while in the control group they were observed in 40.0% of animals.

Table 3 Experience outline Group of animals Doses and period of drug use Experienced group Calves from 10-14 days of age (OR + 10 ml MK solution / 2 liters of milk) for 60 days Control group Calves from 10-14 days of age (RR)

The effect of calcium carbonate micellate on calf live weight gain was monitored according to the results of control weighing of animals before the experiment, and then the aftereffect monthly until 4 months of age (Table 4). The research results showed that the introduction into the body of calves of mineral substances in micellar form for 60 days contributed to an increase in the gain in live weight of animals. Before the experiment, the live weight of the calves of the experimental group was on average 2.5 kg (5.3%) higher than in the control group. By the age of 60 days (after 45-50 days from the start of the drug), this indicator in the experimental group was 5.53 kg higher (8.0%) than in the second group. By the age of 90 and 120 days (20 and 50 days after the end of use), the difference between the live weight of calves of the experimental and control groups was more significant and amounted to 12.42 kg (13.0%) and 17.36 kg (16 , 7%), respectively. In general, over the entire observation period (110 days), the increase in live weight in the calves of the experimental group was 57.78 kg, which is 25.8% more than in the control group.

Table 4 The effect of calcium carbonate micellate (grade A) on calf live weight gain Indicators Calf age Before experience Throughout the experience After the experience 10-14 days 30 days 60 days 90 days 120 days The average live weight of the calves of the experimental group (n = 10), kg 46.33 ± 0.69 55.78 ± 1.99 68.78 ± 1.75 95.67 ± 3.83 104.11 ± 3.59 The average live weight of the calves of the control group (n = 10), kg 43.87 ± 0.51 51.87 ± 1.39 63.25 ± 1.38 83.25 ± 2.29 86.75 ± 4.31 The ratio of the average live weight of calves of the experimental group to the control group (+/-), kg + 2.46 +3.91 +5.53 +12.42 +17.36

An analysis of the average daily gain in calves' live weight (Table 5) also indicates the positive effect of calcium carbonate micellate on young growth during the rearing period. So, in the first two weeks of using the drug, there was a tendency to increase the growth of calves of the experimental group, which further continued to develop and manifested itself in an increase in average daily gain in live weight at the level of 108-238 g / goal in relation to the control. On average, over the entire observation period, the average daily gain in calves' live weight in the experimental group was 607 g, which was higher than in the control by 140 g or 23.1% (Table 5).

When assessing the effect of the drug on the biochemical profile of calves, indicators were taken into account before the experiment, 30 days after the start of the experiment, at the end of the experiment (Table 6). It was found that the use of brand A calcium carbonate micellate contributed to the intensification of protein metabolism with an increase in the content of total protein and albumin in the experimental group by 26.4% and 17.9% (in the control group - by 19.6% and 6.3%), respectively .

Table 5 The influence of calcium carbonate micellate (grade A) on the average daily gain in calves' live weight Indicators Calf age 10-14 days - 30 days 30 days - 60 days 60 days - 90 days 90 days - 120 days Average The average daily gain in live weight of calves of the experimental group (n = 10), g / goal. 363 867 927 272 607 The average daily gain in live weight of calves in the control troupe (n = 10), g / goal. 307 759 689 113 467 The ratio of the average daily gain in live weight of calves of the experimental group to the control group (+/-), g / goal. +56 +108 +238 +159 +140

Table 6  The influence of "Aleksonat Zoo" on the biochemical parameters of blood in calves Indicators Group of animals Before experience After 30 days After 60 days (end of experiment) Total protein, g / l experience 41.18 ± 3.80 47.32 ± 2.44 55.92 ± 1.85 the control 45.50 ± 0.97 48.07 ± 2.25 56.60 ± 1.65 Albumin, g / l experience 28.28 ± 0.50 29.28 ± 0.43 34.45 ± 0.52 the control 31.32 ± 0.62 30.77 ± 0.92 33.42 ± 0.50 Urea, mmol / L experience 3.20 ± 0.34 3.15 ± 0.31 3.28 ± 0.64 the control 3,50 ± 0,37 2.90 ± 0.23 2.25 ± 0.40 Cholesterol, mmol / L experience 1.52 ± 0.39 2.07 ± 0.13 2.18 ± 0.15 the control 1.33 ± 0.09 1.88 ± 0.17 2.35 ± 0.12 Creatinine, μmol / L experience 80.42 ± 8.18 95.42 ± 6.37 116.72 ± 12.77 the control 92.75 ± 9.51 91.92 ± 10.50 112.23 ± 13.42 Alkaline phosphatase experience 165.33 ± 23.66 362.83 ± 33.03 371.50 ± 46.66 the control 184.83 ± 28.14 323.00 ± 29.85 280.67 ± 54.49 Total bilirubin, µmol / l experience 3.18 ± 0.63 0.63 ± 0.52 2.23 ± 0.55 the control 3.62 ± 0.73 0.43 ± 0.27 3.20 ± 0.79 Cholinesterase, Unit / L experience 480.68 ± 90.32 728.98 ± 74.70 585.73 ± 25.47 the control 678.05 ± 120.37 385.18 ± 56.10 563.45 ± 83.36 Triglycerides, mmol / L experience 0.52 ± 0.04 0.20 ± 0.05 0.23 ± 0.04 the control 0.55 ± 0.04 0.13 ± 0.06 0.23 ± 0.04 LDH, Unit / L experience 579.68 ± 46.35 711.72 ± 28.81 790.77 ± 75.42 the control 663.38 ± 56.61 745.93 ± 52.62 804.43 ± 38.93 γ-GTP, Unit / L experience 17.65 ± 3.78 7.07 ± 1.99 15.88 ± 4.73 the control 14.08 ± 4.00 9.68 ± 1.96 12.07 ± 2.89 KFK, Unit / L experience 185.18 ± 19.80 137.30 ± 18.22 261.97 ± 28.50 the control 187.17 ± 41.74 137.13 ± 11.19 186.37 ± 9.78 α-GBDG, Unit / L experience 239.00 ± 27.19 325.67 ± 34.14 450.00 ± 36.46

Table 7 The influence of "Aleksonat Zoo" on mineral metabolism in calves Indicators Group of animals Before experience After 30 days After 60 days (end of experiment) Magnesium, mmol / L experience 0.55 ± 0.06 0.80 ± 0.03 1.05 ± 0.03 the control 0.70 ± 0.10 0.75 ± 0.04 1.28 ± 0.07 Calcium, mmol / L experience 2.37 ± 0.10 2.53 ± 0.08 2.33 ± 0.02 the control 2.47 ± 0.05 2.77 ± 0.09 2.22 ± 0.08 Phosphorus, mmol / L experience 2.62 ± 0.19 2.97 ± 0.80 2.25 ± 0.11 the control 3,50 ± 0,08 3.00 ± 0.09 2.40 ± 0.10 Copper, µmol / L experience 12.82 ± 0.75 12.95 ± 0.97 10.63 ± 1.42 the control 13.47 ± 0.92 13.32 ± 1.87 12.42 ± 1.44 Zinc, micromol / l experience 14.52 ± 1.23 11.90 ± 0.55 13.97 ± 1.35 the control 16.15 ± 1.29 13.07 ± 0.61 12.57 ± 1.79 Potassium, mmol / L experience 5.65 ± 0.28 4.02 ± 0.24 5.63 ± 0.15 the control 5.97 ± 0.20 4.37 ± 0.16 6.00 ± 0.14 Sodium, mmol / L experience 148.33 ± 2.56 148.68 ± 2.20 144.90 ± 3.36 the control 150.13 ± 1.86 148.13 ± 1.71 159.68 ± 4.68 Chlorides, mmol / L experience 91.38 ± 0.89 91.37 ± 1.20 92.27 ± 1.66 the control 91.08 ± 1.33 93.72 ± 1.48 92.38 ± 1.59

The positive effect of micellate on the mineral metabolism in calves was also proved (table 7). So, the level of calcium and phosphorus in the experimental group at the beginning of the experiment was lower by 4.1% and 25.14% compared with the control group. After 60 days of using the drug, these indicators in the experimental group became 4.7% and 6.3% higher than in the control. The zinc content in both groups decreased, but in the experimental group the decrease was 3.9%, in the control group - 28.5%.

A decrease in the copper content in the blood of calves of both groups was noted, more pronounced in the experimental group, which is probably due to the antagonistic effect of calcium on the assimilation of the element.

Under the influence of the drug, the activity of animal blood enzymes has also changed. So, the activity of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in the experimental group increased by 2.3 times (in the control - by 1.5 times), which also indicates the activation of mineral metabolism and bone growth rate. There was an increase in the activity of creatine phosphate kinase (CPK) and hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase (α-HBDH), which play an important role in the energy metabolism of muscle and other tissues, in the experimental group - by 29.3% and 46.9%, respectively, which is associated with the growth rate of young animals ( Table 6).

In addition, in the control group of animals, signs of developing hepatocellular insufficiency (or hepatodepression) were recorded, which showed a tendency to lower levels of urea and cholinesterase, which was not observed in the experimental group and may indicate some hepatoprotective effect of the drug.

When analyzing the results of immunohematological studies, the effect of micelle on the immune status of animals was not established. The revealed tendencies for an increase in the content of erythrocytes, hemoglobin, stab neutrophils and lymphocytes were almost identical in both groups of animals and were associated mainly with age-related changes.

In the second series of scientific and industrial tests, we evaluated the effectiveness of calcium carbonate micellate in two agricultural enterprises that have a problem of pronounced violation of mineral metabolism in animals. The drug was introduced into the diet of newborn calves at a dose of 10 ml per 2 liters of milk, for all calves, starting from birth for 60 days. The duration of production tests was 10 months; the total number of calves participating in the experiment was 581 heads.

To assess the effectiveness of the drug in production conditions, an analysis was made of the level of safety and incidence of calves in two agricultural enterprises for the same periods of the year before the use of the drug (from August 2011 to May 2012) and during its use (from August 2012 to May 2013) throughout the stock of young calves born. Studies have shown that prior to the use of the drug in enterprises, a low level of preservation of young animals was noted (70-85%), there were massive clinical signs of “ooaric illness”: loss of appetite, licking of wool and other inedible objects (“lick”), emaciation, dry coat and skin or the presence of alopecia (baldness), lack of growth in live weight of calves. With the development of signs of disease, the calves began to refuse food, often lay down, there were bouts of colic, which ended in the death of the animals (up to 2 months of age). Ongoing autopsy studies on the autopsy of the fallen animals confirmed the presence of a “nooar disease”: in the abomasum, pilobesoars of dense consistency of various sizes, redness and swelling of the mucous membrane of the abomasum and small intestine, and the presence of a large amount of mucus were found.

The use of brand A calcium carbonate micellate of 10 ml with milk in calves from birth for 60 days allowed to increase the safety level of young animals (90-97%), the disappearance of the clinical signs of “no-disease”, improve the condition of the skin and coat, increase live growth masses.

The economic efficiency of the use of calcium carbonate micellate (Table 8) was calculated at the cost (Ds), obtained additionally as a result of an increase in the quantity of production (increase in live weight of calves), taking into account the cost of veterinary measures (Sv) according to the formula:

Ev = Ds-Sv

Table 8 Calculation data on the cost-effectiveness of calf calcium micelate in calves Indicator Group Experienced Control The cost of 1 kg of micelle, rubles. 300,0 - The cost of the course of micellat use per head, rub. 3.6 - The increase in live weight of calves (for 110 days of observation), kg / goal. 57.8 42.9 The average selling price of 1 kg of meat, rubles. 120.0 120.0 Total revenue from sales, rub. 6936.0 5148.0

Ev = (6936-5148) -3.6 rubles = 1784.4 rubles.

The economic effect of preventive measures on the ruble of costs (Er) was determined by the formula:

Er = Ev: Sv = 1784.4: 3.6 = 495.7 rubles.

Thus, the economic effect of the use of calcium carbonate micellate and its effect after growing calves according to the proposed method per ruble cost amounted to 495.7 rubles.

The use of calcium carbonate micellate (grade A) in calves ’diet, starting from birth, for 60 days at a dose of 10 ml per 2 liters of milk per head, helps to prevent non-contagious pathology and normalize metabolism in animals (mainly mineral), has a positive effect on growth of young animals, manifested by an increase in average daily gain in live weight, showing the effectiveness of the proposed method for growing calves, and can be recommended for use in animal husbandry.

Claims (2)

1. A method of growing calves, including the introduction of a mineral feed additive in the diet, characterized in that as a stimulating mineral feed additive, calves are daily fed with a solution of calcium carbonate micellate “Aleksanat Zoo”, and the drug is administered at a dose of 10 ml per head for 60 days In this case, before administration, the drug is diluted with milk. 2. The method of growing calves according to claim 1, characterized in that the preparation "Aleksanat Zoo" is used brand A, and before the introduction of the calves, the preparation is diluted with milk in an amount of two liters, while "Aleksanat Zoo" is used with a density of 1400-1500 g / l.