RU2655210C2 - Method of food eggs quality and consumer properties increasing - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to agriculture, in particular to the feeding of agricultural poultry, and can be used to organize biologically complete feeding of laying hens. Feeding method includes laying hens feeding with a biologically active feed additive in an amount of 5 % of the daily ration. As a biologically active feed additive a flour from brown seaweed – kelp is used, which is from the 17-week-old age to the end of the laying hens keeping period fed daily, or according to the scheme: 10 days is introduction of the additive, 5 days is pause.

EFFECT: implementation of the invention facilitates intensification of metabolic processes occurring in the body of laying hens, provides an increase in the fodder conversion and the productive qualities of laying hens, and also provides an improvement in the quality and consumer properties of the resulting food eggs.

1 cl, 1 tbl, 1 ex

Description

The invention relates to agriculture (feeding poultry) and can be used to organize biologically complete feeding of laying hens in order to improve the quality and consumer properties of food eggs in the conditions of the Magadan region.

Method of application: feeding a biologically active feed additive from brown seaweed (kelp) at a rate of 5 kg per 1 ton of feed for laying hens continuously from 17 weeks of age until the end of the productive period of laying hens daily, or according to the scheme: 10 days - supplementation 5 days - a break.

The implementation of the invention contributes to the intensification of metabolic processes occurring in the body of laying hens, so the digestibility of feed protein increases by 1.9%; fat - by 12.6%; fiber - by 3.7%; the use of feed nitrogen - by 7.5%; phosphorus - by 9.2%; calcium and sodium - by 1.5%; potassium - by 17.4%.

The intensification of metabolic processes can improve the quality and consumer properties of products (eggs), so the dry matter content in 100 grams of egg mass increases by 3.0%; crude fat - by 4.4%; crude protein - 4.9%; calcium and sodium - by 1.0%; phosphorus - by 4.0%; iodine concentration - 8.6 times. The calorie content of 1 egg is increased by 3.0%; carbohydrate content in one egg - by 1.8%.

The implementation of the invention contributes to the improvement of the productive qualities of laying hens: gross egg collection by 0.7%; egg laying on the average laying hen - by 6.7%; egg laying intensity - by 5.2%; the yield of egg mass on the average layer is 9.4%.

In this case, there is an increase in feed conversion: a decrease in the cost of feed for the production of 10 eggs is 6.2%; for the production of 1 kg of egg mass - 8.8%. The reduction in the cost of metabolic energy of feed per 10 eggs is 3.1%; per 1 kg of egg mass - 5.8%. An economic effect was obtained in the production of 1000 eggs 322.3 rubles.

Known feed products, premixes and additives for entering into the diets of farm animals and birds containing algal bionts in their composition: ⁽¹⁹⁾ RU 2374899 ⁽¹³⁾ A Afanasyev V. (RU), Boyko L. (RU), Trunova L. ( RU), Denisov Yu. (RU), “Premix and method of its application”, including dried sea kale (kelp); ⁽¹⁹⁾ RU ⁽¹¹⁾ 2312518 ⁽¹³⁾ C1 Isaev V.A. (RU), Adelman V.Ya. (RU), Erastov G.M. (RU), Terentyev V.A. (RU) "Feed additive for farm birds and animals and a method of increasing their productivity and resistance", containing Far Eastern kelp; ⁽¹⁹⁾ RU ⁽¹¹⁾ 2312516 ⁽¹³⁾ C2 Rakhimov A. (RU), Androsova L. (RU), Tkachenko O. (RU) “Feed agent for laying hens”, including seaweed flour; ⁽¹⁹⁾ RU ⁽¹¹⁾ 2386344 ⁽¹³⁾ C2 Starikova N.P. (RU), Mammaeva T.V. (RU) “Dietary supplement for chickens” consisting of kelp; ⁽¹⁹⁾ RU ⁽¹¹⁾ 2009133501 ⁽¹³⁾ A Kuzmina I.Yu. (RU) “Complex supplement for cattle with immunostimulating activity”, containing Rhodiola rosea extract and brown seaweed flour; ⁽¹⁹⁾ RU ⁽¹¹⁾ 2534307 ⁽¹³⁾ C2 Ignatovich L.S. (RU) “Composition of a biologically active feed additive for laying hens”, including grass flour from wild plants, flour from brown seaweed; ⁽¹⁹⁾ RU ⁽¹¹⁾ 2541404 ⁽¹³⁾ C2 Ignatovich L.S. (RU) “Integrated biologically active feed additive for laying hens”, including herbal flour from wild plants, flour from brown seaweed, flour from cones of dwarf pine; ⁽¹⁹⁾ Ru ⁽¹¹⁾ 2292160 ⁽¹³⁾ C2 Shevchenko V.N (RU) “Feed additive for birds, domestic and farm animals”, containing seaweed groats; ⁽¹⁹⁾ Ru ⁽¹¹⁾ 2013154931 ⁽¹³⁾ A Naumova L.I. (RU), Kalenik T.K. (RU) “A way to increase the productivity of laying hens”, introducing into the diet a feed additive from seaweed.

The disadvantage of feeds and additives produced in other regions of the Russian Federation is the high cost of transportation costs for their delivery to the regions of use; therefore, the use of a feed additive made from brown seaweed (kelp) growing in the coastal zone of the Magadan Region is a more rational and cost-effective form of enriching the diet of farm birds with biologically active substances.

We have found a number of published sources in which the authors provide data on filling the lack of biologically active substances in poultry diets through the use of algae in diets.

In zones of iodine deficiency, animals do not fully realize their productive qualities. Priokhotsky zone of the Magadan region belongs to such regions; the highest iodine concentrations in this zone are below the lower threshold concentration. Seaweed with their unique chemical composition can be an indispensable raw material source of feed additives that enrich poultry diets with necessary biologically active substances, as well as contribute to an increase in the content of these substances in an egg, which increases the quality of eggs and their nutritional value [1, 2].

The use of brown seaweed (kelp) as feed in the Magadan Region is supported by data on their reserves in the coastal zone of the Okhotsk and Bering Seas. About 130 thousand tons of dry matter can be obtained annually in the Taui Bay and Penzhinsky Bay alone [1, 3].

Algal feeding is especially effective for unbalanced feeding of farm animals, which is typical for poultry enterprises of the Magadan region [1, 4].

When considering algae as a very valuable feed additive, particular importance is attached to the content of biologically active (active) substances in them. Algae is characterized by a chemical structure that has no analogues among compounds obtained from terrestrial organisms, as well as the presence of biological activity, often an order of magnitude higher than the corresponding indices of known substances obtained from plants and land animals. Laminaria is rich in protein containing 18 amino acids, including all essential ones. They contain a large number of vitamins: groups B, C, D, E, K, carotene, growth-promoting, antibiotic and therapeutic substances. It contains biologically active substances that are rare in nature, such as taurine, citrulin, chondrin and their compounds, which play an important role in the metabolism of the body [5, 6, 7, 8, 9].

The biochemical feature of algae is that they are able to accumulate trace elements found in negligible amounts in the surrounding sea water. The most specific of these is iodine (Table 1) [10, 11, 12].

Since poultry is more prone to thyroid disease than other animals, the lack of iodine in its diet is of particular importance. Against the background of iodine deficiency, deep metabolic disorders occur in the poultry, as a result of which digestibility and assimilation of biologically active feed substances are worsened, as a result, the development of internal organs of blood circulation and reproduction is impaired, egg productivity decreases, and nutritional properties of manufactured products decrease [13, 14] .

An excess of inorganic iodine in the diet of the bird, added to feed with iodic acid or iodide salts, reduces the productivity of the bird, since the iodine contained in them is not easily connected with its stabilizing elements, which is why these complexes are partially destroyed within three months.

In the future, inorganic compounds of iodine become inaccessible to the body of the bird, therefore, their introduction into diets is not effective enough. Mineral compounds of iodine are incompatible with organic acids and salts of many metals - copper, manganese, zinc, iron and others.

Iodine ion has a chemical similarity to copper ion, therefore, potassium iodide in the presence of copper sulfate quickly reacts with it, as a result of which part of the iodine volatilizes, and the other part binds to copper, turning into iodine copper - a poorly digestible compound. Thus, the introduction of potassium iodide and copper sulfate into the premix is practically incompatible. Iodine released as a result of oxidation has a strong destructive effect on many vitamins and biologically active substances. An overdose of mineral iodine compounds is also possible, since their assimilation by the body of the bird is not regulated [15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21].

To eliminate these factors, iodine must be ingested as a part of protein (organic) compounds, for which metabolic regulation is ensured in poultry. In these compounds, the inhibitory effect of the aforementioned minerals on the absorption of iodine is significantly lower; their absorption is strictly individual, depending on the iodine deficiency of the body. Organic iodine compounds contained in algae are more resistant to natural degradation, have a prolonged action, low reactivity to oxidizing agents, which is very important in case of overdose. The assimilation of iodized proteins by the body is accompanied by the removal of iodine from them under the action of special enzymes. The activity of these enzymes is directly dependent on the degree of iodine deficiency and allows you to absorb only the strictly necessary amount of iodine. An overdose of organic iodine compounds is excluded, since their excess is excreted from the body naturally [22, 23].

Akhmedkhanova R. and Isaeva N. studies on the introduction of flour from seaweed in the amount of 1-5% in the diets of broiler chickens [24]. Tischenkov A., Chernoshchekov E. and Shevyakov A. studied the effect of introducing various sources of iodine into the diets of broiler chickens, including pure kelp powder [22]. Experiments on broilers to include algal bionts in broiler diets were carried out by S. Tolokonnikov [25]. Akhmedkhanova R., Bayranbekov Yu., Gamidova N. studied the inclusion of flour from the Caspian seaweed in broiler diets during heat stress [26]. Sharvadze R., Krasnoshchekova T. conducted research on the effect of seafood on the physiology of chickens [18, 19]. Maltsev A., Maltseva N., Spiridonov I., Davydova V. conducted a study of the effect of feed additives from kelp on the reproductive functions of laying hens [27]. Androsova L. investigated the effect of the inclusion of laminaria flour in laying hens rations on their productivity [28]. Mamaev T., Okara A., Starikova H. determined the effect of feed additives based on kelp on the reproductive functions of laying hens [29]. In all of the above studies, an increase in the safety and productivity of poultry, as well as feed conversion, was observed. Poultry farm "Florenskaya" conducted a scientific experiment on laying hens, which were introduced into the diet feed additive from kelp. The experimental groups received it in the form of a suspension in an amount providing an increase in the level of iodine from the original (0.7 mg / g - control) by 10, 20 and 30 mg. The iodine content in a chicken egg increases 2.4-2.6 times (up to 33-40 μg / 100 g versus 14 μg / 100 g). In addition, the safety of poultry, increase in live weight, and digestibility of feed protein are increased. Vitamin A and carotenoids more accumulate in the yolk of an egg [30]. Sverdlovskaya poultry farms, Uralbiovet CJSC, Olshevsky Enterprise (Republic of Belarus), when laminaria additives were added to the diet of laying hens, achieved the same indicators [31]. At the Khabarovsky breeding farm, experiments were carried out to include feed additives from kelp in the diets of laying hens. When 2.5-5.5% kelp is added to the main diet, an increase in safety by 1.6%, egg production by 10.7 eggs per layer, hatchability of chickens by 3.9%, decrease in feed costs by 10 eggs by 0.25 are noted kg; the iodine content in the egg increased by 8.7-10.1 μg compared with the control. In addition, the feed additive is environmentally friendly not only for the laying hens, but also for a person who consumes poultry products [32]. After feeding the chickens with a powerful source of iodine — kelp — in the egg, Borovskaya Poultry Factory CJSC in the Tyumen Region accumulated an increased iodine content [33]. VNIIKP conducted research work, the purpose of which was to study the safe levels of iodine in compound feed to obtain iodized poultry products. As a result, a functional premix containing dried Japanese kelp was developed. The dynamics of iodine accumulation in the egg was studied on laying hens. Studies have shown that the iodine content in the egg increased from 22 mcg per 100 g to 93-290 mcg per 100 g, while the safety of the livestock increased by 3.7-4.1%; egg production - by 0.7-6.8%; the yield of egg mass - by 1.7-9.8%; feed conversion - by 4.9% [34].

The purpose of our invention is to improve the quality and consumer properties of products (eggs), the productive qualities of laying hens and feed conversion through the use of flour from brown seaweed (kelp) growing in the coastal zone of the Sea of Okhotsk and the Bering Sea.

This goal is achieved by including in the main diet of laying hens 5.0% biologically active feed additives from brown seaweed flour (kelp).

Example

In order to determine the effect of biologically active feed additives from brown algae flour (kelp) on the quality and consumer properties of the products (eggs), the productive qualities of laying hens, feed conversion and economic efficiency of production on the basis of LLC Dukchinskaya Poultry Factory (Magadan ) studies have been conducted on its use in the diets of laying hens.

The research material was two groups of laying hens of cross Highsex white, the duration of the experiment was 189 days. Throughout the experiment, the control group of birds received the main diet (OR) used in the farm, the experimental group included a dietary supplement from brown seaweed in a dose of 5.0% in the main diet.

According to the results of the study, it was found that the use of a dietary supplement from brown seaweed in the diet of laying hens at a dose of 5.0% had a positive effect on the metabolic processes occurring in their body: digestibility of feed protein increased by 1.9%; fat - by 12.6%; fiber - by 3.7%; the use of feed nitrogen - by 7.5%; phosphorus - by 9.2%; calcium and sodium - by 1.5%; potassium - by 17.4%.

The intensification of metabolic processes, in turn, contributed to improving the quality and consumer properties of the products (eggs), as the dry matter content in 100 grams of egg mass increased by 3.0%; crude fat - by 4.4%; crude protein - 4.9%; calcium and sodium - by 1.0%; phosphorus - by 4.0%. Calorie content of 1 egg increased by 3.0%; the carbohydrate content in 1 egg is 1.8% [35, 36].

The iodine concentration in the egg increased by 8.6 times. The accumulation of iodine in the egg occurs within 10 days, after which its content stabilizes. A decrease in the concentration of iodine in the egg also occurs within 10 days, then this indicator returns to its original value.

Along with an increase in the quality of eggs, there is an increase in the productivity of laying hens: gross egg collection - by 0.7%; egg laying on the average laying hen - by 6.7%; egg laying intensity - by 5.2%; the yield of egg mass on the average layer is 9.4%.

At the same time, the conversion of feed increases: the decrease in feed costs for the production of 10 pieces of eggs amounted to 6.2%; for the production of 1 kg of egg mass - 8.8%; as well as reducing energy costs of feed for receiving a unit of production: by 10 eggs - by 3.1%; per 1 kg of egg mass - by 5.8%.

The economic effect in the production of 1000 eggs amounted to 322.3 rubles.

The obtained data can be used for use in poultry farms of the Magadan region in order to improve the quality and consumer properties of products (eggs), the productivity of laying hens, feed conversion and economic efficiency of production.

Information sources

1. Mikhailov N.G. Improving the system of animal feed production and feeding in specific conditions of the North of the Far East / N.G. Mikhailov // Abstract of the dissertation of the doctor p. - x. sciences. - Novosibirsk, 1992 .-- 56 p.

2. Mammaeva T.V. Ecological and biological rationale for the use of kelp as a feed additive in chicken diets / T.V. Mammaev // Abstract of thesis. Cand. biol. sciences. - Khabarovsk, 2002 .-- 25 p.

3. Mikhailov N.G. Feed and feeding of farm animals of the Magadan region. / N.G. Mikhailov / Magadan book publishing house. - 1987. - S. 83-90.

4. Turusov N.V. Methods of use and the importance of fucus seaweed in the feeding of farm animals in the Far North. / N.V. Turusov / Collection. Issues of agriculture and fishing in the Far North. Proceedings of the Research Institute of Agriculture of the Far North. - T. 15. - Krasnoyarsk, 1968.

5. Biological resources of the ocean. / Edited by P.A. Moiseeva - M .: Agropromizdat, 1985 .-- 288 p.

6. Barashkov G.K. Chemistry of algae / G.K. Barashkov // M .: AN USSR, 1963 .-- 143 p.

7. Kizevetter I.V. Biochemistry of raw materials of water origin / I.V. Kizevetter / M.: Food Industry, 1979.- 423 p.

8. Popov I.S. Seaweed. Feeding farm animals / I.S. Popov / Publ. 9. - M .: Selkhozgiz. - 1957. - 198 p.

9. Starikova N.P. Biologically active additives: conditions and problems Monograph / N.P. Starikova / Khabarovsk. - RIC HGAEP. - 2005 .-- S. 101-105.

10. Kravtsova Yu.Yu. Forms of finding iodine in seaweed. / Yu. Yu. Kravtsova, E.N. Slinko / All-Union Conference on Marine Algology - Macrophiobenthos. - Abstracts of reports October 14-17, 1979. - S. 77-80.

11. Tolokonnikov Yu.A. Feed hydrobionts / Yu.A. Tolokonnikov / M.: Agropromizdat. - 1993. - 65 p.

12. Tolokonnikov Yu.A. Mariculture / Yu.A. Tolokonnikov / M.: Agropromizdat. - 1991 .-- 240 s.

13. Borisova T.V. Feeding meat chickens in the pre-laying period / T.V. Borisova / Thesis of C.S. sciences. - Sergiev Posad, 1993 .-- 170 p.

14. Sergienko A.I. Hormones and reproductive function of farm animals / A.I. Sergienko, D.I. Sanagursky, S.S. Vezdenko S.S. / M., 1991 .-- 20 p.

15. Gavrikova L.M. Replenish iodine deficiency / L.M. Gavrikova // Livestock of Russia. - 2007. - February. - S. 29-30.

16. Gavrikova L.M. The method of replenishing iodine deficiency / L.M. Gavrikova // Bird and poultry products - 2007. - No. 2. - S. 42-43.

17. Gavrikova L.M. A method of filling iodine deficiency for laying hens / L.M. Gavrikova // Bulletin of the Russian Academy of Agricultural Sciences. - 2007. - No. 4. - S. 88-89.

18. Sharvadze R., Krasnoshchekova T. Seafood affecting the physiology of chickens / R. Sharvadze // Poultry farming. - 2008. - No. 5. - S. 41-42.

19. Sharvadze R. Seafood in feeding chickens / R. Sharvadze // Poultry farming. - 2007. - No. 7. - S. 16.

20. Shatskikh E. Organic form of iodine in diets for broilers / E. Shatskikh, O. Tsyganova // Poultry farming. - 2007. - No. 8. - S. 22-23.

21. Klitsenko G.G. Mineral nutrition of farm animals / G.G. Klitsenko / Kiev: Harvest. - 1980. - 167 p.

22. Tischenkov A.N. Iodine in the diets of broiler chickens / A.N. Tischenkov, E.G. Chernoshchekov, A.N. Shevyakov // Poultry and poultry products. - 2007. - No. 2. - S. 39-41.

23. Demchenko P.V. Feed value of algae / P.V. Demchenko // Livestock. - 1956. - No. 12. - S. 49-53.

24. Akhmedkhanova R. Flour from mariculture for poultry / R. Akhmedkhanova, N. Isaev // Compound feed. - 2009. - No. 5. - S. 62.

25. Tolokonnikov, S.Yu. The use of Black Sea algae in feeding broilers / S.Yu. Tolokonnikov // Thesis of Cand. biol. sciences. - Zagorsk, 1987 .-- 66 p.

26. Akhmedkhanova P.P. The use of unconventional feed in the diet of poultry / P.P. Akhmedkhanova Yu.B. Bayranbekov, N.R. Hamidova // Materials of the XXI conference. Achievement in modern poultry farming: research and innovation. / Sergiev Posad, 2009 .-- S. 81-82.

27. Maltsev A.B. Unconventional feed and feed additives. RAAS of GNU Siberian NIIP / A.B. Maltsev [et al.] / Omsk, 2005. - S. 192-194.

28. Akhmedkhanova R. Flour from mariculture for poultry / R. Akhmedkhanova, N. Isaev // Compound feed. - 2009. - No. 5. - S. 62.

29. Mamaeva T.V. The effect of feed additives from kelp on the reproductive functions of chickens / T.V. Mamaev, A.I. Okara, N.P. Starikova // Zootechnics. - 2002. - No. 12. - S. 15-17.

30. Evtukhich N., Lebedeva I. Chicken egg - overcoming iodine deficiency / N. Evtukhich, I. Lebedeva // Poultry farming. - 2005. - No. 7. - S. 22-23.

31. Evtukhich N.V. The use of iodine in bird feeding and human nutrition / N.V. Evtukhich // Bird and poultry products. - 2006. - S. 35-36.

32. Naumova L. The increased content of iodine in the hens rations / L. Naumova // Poultry farming. - 2009. - No. 8. - S. 32.

33. Poultry and poultry products. / Egg business. - 2004. - No. 3. - S. 90.

34. Trunova L. Premix for obtaining iodized products / L. Trunova, L. Boyko, N. Fatyanova // Compound feed. - 2009. - No. 4. - S. 55-56.

35. Stelle A. L. Mathematical modeling of the energy value of food eggs / A.L. Shtelle A.I. Filatov // Poultry and poultry products. - 2012. - No. 3. - S. 58-61.

36. Stelle A.L. The nutritional value and energy value of eggs of various masses / A.L. Stelle // Poultry. - 2012. - No. 3. - S. 39-41.

Claims (1)

A method of improving the quality and consumer properties of food eggs, including the introduction of a biologically active feed additive into the diet of laying hens and feeding it, characterized in that brown seaweed flour (kelp) is used as a biologically active feed additive, which is introduced into the diet in an amount 5% of the daily diet and fed from 17 weeks of age until the end of the period of laying hens daily, or according to the scheme: 10 days - supplementation, 5 days - break.