RU2375913C2 - Method for feeding of animals and birds - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: method for feeding of animals and birds includes introduction of physiologically active substance in the form of sea-buckthorn marc into ration, and also addition of sodium alginate or mixture of carrageenans:gum in ratio of 3:1 in amount of 0.5% weight of portion.

EFFECT: invention makes it possible to improve biologically active properties of fodders.

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Description

The present invention relates to agriculture, ecology, toxicology and can be used in feed production or in veterinary medicine with the introduction of physiologically active substances in the composition of feed mixtures and feed for farm animals and poultry, to reduce the content of heavy metals and toxic compounds in meat of slaughtered animals and poultry .

Known methods of feeding using feed additives in animal husbandry, poultry farming to intensify the development of animals, remove unwanted substances and reduce their toxic effect in animals, reduce toxic substances in animal products and poultry farming, etc.

It is known that the use of elemental sulfur and heraconda as an antidote leads to the normalization of homeostasis in the body of cattle due to a positive effect on all metabolism (Shakirova S.S. Heavy metals in the emission zone of the South Ural State District Power Plant and veterinary sanitary examination of milk : Abstract of the academic degree of Candidate of Veterinary Sciences - Troitsk, 1998. - P.18-19.)

It is known that the use of sea buckthorn pulp and zeolite as feed additives leads to an increase in live weight, a decrease in the content of heavy metals in the animal’s body and their excretion through the gastrointestinal tract (Popov V.A. Fattening gobies of different breeds at a high level of heavy metals in feed ration and the use of a detoxifier: Abstract on the scientific degree of candidate of agricultural sciences. - Novosibirsk, 2001. - P.19-20) (is a prototype).

The disadvantages of these active ingredients, tools and methods is the violation of the mineral balance in the body due to the binding of macro- and microelements, such as iron. Some natural products, for example zeolites, can be contaminated with heavy metals (Khmelnitsky GA Veterinary toxicology. - M .: Agropromizdat, 1987. - P.151-154).

The proposed technical solution is based on the use of plant polysaccharides and is aimed at creating a physiologically active agent with immunostimulating and antitoxic effects on animals and birds, as well as stimulating a number of other important physiological processes, including the regulation of homeostasis, normalization of metabolic and functional disorders, a number of enzymatic processes. The use of plant polysaccharides in animal feeding can improve the biologically active properties of feed.

The goal is achieved by a method in which a mixture of plant polysaccharides as the active ingredient of a physiologically active substance is introduced into the feed continuously.

From the prototype, in which it is proposed to use sea buckthorn pulp as feed additives, the claimed method differs in that as a feed additive is used: sodium alginate, sea buckthorn pulp and a mixture of carrageenan: gum in a ratio of 3: 1 in an amount of 0.5 wt.% Share .

The claimed technical result is achieved by introducing into the diet a physiologically active agent containing plant polysaccharides in an amount of 0.5 wt.% The proportion of a mixture of carrageenan: gum in a ratio of 3: 1.

The problem is solved by a method in which feeding is carried out with the addition of sodium alginate or a mixture of carrageenan: gum in a ratio of 3: 1 in an amount of 0.5 wt.% Share.

The action of polysaccharides as an active ingredient in feed and feed additives is achieved by the formation of hydrogen bonds with hydrated ions of heavy metals, as well as coordination bonds (figure 1, 2). Both types of reactions are able to proceed parallel to each other.

Two series of experiments were conducted using plant polysaccharides.

In the first series of experiments, in vitro, carrageenan: gum combinations were studied in a ratio of 1: 1, 2: 1, 3: 1, 4: 1, 5: 1. Solutions of sodium alginate and combinations of solutions of carrageenan were studied: gum of various concentrations - 1; 0.5; 1; 5, 2%. The most effective concentrations of polysaccharide solutions to reduce the content of toxic elements (lead and cadmium) were identified: 0.5% concentration of carrageenan: gum composition in a ratio of 3: 1 and 0.5% concentration of sodium alginate.

In the second series of experiments, experimental animals were divided into 4 groups, 9 animals each, the first of which was the control. For feeding, we used a complete diet (RR), checked for the absence of contaminants. Feeding was carried out according to the following scheme (table 1):

Table 1 Experience outline Groups Feeding pattern control OR + minced fish (RF) 1st experienced OR + RF with 2.0 mg of lead ions and 0.4 mg of cadmium ions per 1 kg of feed 2nd experienced OR + RF with 2.0 mg of lead ions and 0.4 mg of cadmium ions and 0.5 wt.% The proportion of carrageenan: gum composition in a ratio of 3: 1 per 1 kg of feed 3rd experienced OR + RF with 2.0 mg of lead ions and 0.4 mg of cadmium ions and 0.5 wt.% The proportion of sodium alginate per 1 kg of feed

As a result of studies, it was found that 0.5 wt.% Of the carrageenan composition: gum as a detoxifier reduces the lead content by 20-58%, cadmium by 27-74% in the organs and tissues of animals (Tables 2, 3).

table 2 Lead content in organs and tissues of laboratory animals, mg / kg Organs and Tissues Group control 1st experienced 2nd experienced 3rd experienced heart 0.151 ± 0.021 0.202 ± 0.005 ** 0.161 ± 0.022 0.168 ± 0.006 the kidneys 0.155 ± 0.002 0.471 ± 0.006 ** 0.198 ± 0.007 ** 0.177 ± 0.011 ** liver 0.051 ± 0.002 0.141 ± 0.023 ** 0.077 ± 0.006 ** 0.066 ± 0.004 spleen 0.222 ± 0.005 0.314 ± 0.023 ** 0.222 ± 0.021 0.229 ± 0.007 muscle 0.107 ± 0.004 0.177 ± 0.006 ** 0.120 ± 0.004 ** 0.119 ± 0.002 ** bone 0.012 ± 0.001 0.038 ± 0.001 ** 0.016 ± 0.001 ** 0.017 ± 0.001 ** * p ≤ 0.05; ** p≤0.01 Note. Here and in the table. 3.4: feeding schedule according to table 1

Sodium alginate reduces the lead content in organs and tissues of animals by 17-62%, cadmium - by 14-66%. In some organs of experimental animals, the content of toxicants did not differ from intact animals (Tables 2, 3).

Table 3 The cadmium content in the organs and tissues of laboratory animals, mg / kg Organs and Tissues Group control 1st experienced 2nd experienced 3rd experienced heart 0.0136 ± 0.0001 0.0246 ± 0.001 ** 0.0147 ± 0.001 0.0193 ± 0.001 ** the kidneys 0.0152 ± 0.0010 0.0556 ± 0.002 ** 0.0187 ± 0.001 0.0196 ± 0.003 * liver 0.0231 ± 0.0020 0.0639 ± 0.003 ** 0.0316 ± 0.003 ** 0.0244 ± 0.002 spleen 0.0131 ± 0.0020 0.0592 ± 0.008 ** 0.0153 ± 0.001 0.0199 ± 0.007 muscle 0.0025 ± 0.0003 0.0251 ± 0.001 ** 0.0137 ± 0.001 ** 0.0134 ± 0.001 ** bone 0.0150 ± 0.0010 0.0219 ± 0.001 ** 0.0160 ± 0.001 0.0187 ± 0.0005 ** * p≤0.05; ** p≤0.01

Feeding plant polysaccharides with food normalizes the biochemical parameters of blood, which worsened when heavy metals were consumed. The content of hemoglobin, glucose increases, the activity of alkaline phosphatase, total protein and calcium increases, the concentration of phosphorus, which were disturbed by the introduction of toxic elements into the feed, decreases (Table 4).

Table 4 Biochemical parameters of rat serum using natural polysaccharides Organs and Tissues Group control 1st experienced 2nd experienced 3rd experienced hemoglobin, g / l 81.08 ± 10.35 37.95 ± 8.91 ** 59.68 ± 21.33 63.83 ± 11.78 total protein, g / l 71.90 ± 5.60 61.00 ± 9.10 * 69.50 ± 2.80 64.80 ± 3.60 alkaline phosphatase activity, E / L 63.27 ± 5.05 41.39 ± 3.03 ** 56.19 ± 3.53 ** 60.52 ± 3.06 glucose, mol / l 11.00 ± 1.60 4.80 ± 0.80 ** 7.50 ± 0.50 ** 9.80 ± 0.60 calcium, mol / l 3.00 ± 0.30 2.60 ± 0.10 * 2.90 ± 0.10 2.80 ± 0.30 phosphorus, mol / l 3.60 ± 0.30 4.30 ± 0.20 ** 2.00 ± 0.10 ** 2.20 ± 0.20 ** * p≤0.05; ** p≤0.01

These experiments allow us to recommend the widespread use of the claimed plant polysaccharides in the proposed amounts and proportions as a method of feeding. The tool combines immunostimulating and chemically active against heavy metals, in particular lead and cadmium, properties. This set of properties allows you to use this tool constantly at each feeding to increase the biological value and activity of the feed, recommended, in particular, to stimulate the growth and development of other important physiological processes in the body of animals and birds, to reduce the content of heavy metals in animal products and poultry .

Claims (1)

A method of feeding animals and birds, comprising introducing into the diet a physiologically active agent in the form of sea buckthorn pulp, characterized in that the feeding is carried out with the addition of sodium alginate or a mixture of carrageenan: gum in a ratio of 3: 1 in an amount of 0.5 wt.%.

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