RU2337537C2 - Multifunction beehive - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention may be used for watching the development of the bee community without disturbing the biological process of the bee life according to its natural adaptation, and relates to a beehive comprising a housing with a nest part with triple-layered walls and a bottom part with a process bee entrance, comb frames installed on a lodgement in the nest housing with the main bee entrance, a roof with an underroof piece and ventilation holes, heat insulation. The main and process bee entrances have gradient in the external direction. The external and internal parts of the triple-layered wall of the nest part of the housing are made of wood, for example linden or aspen with an intermediate layer of plastic foam, for example polystyrene foam between them; at the level of the lower comb frame strips, the main bee entrance is located, having the semi-oval form, with a flight board lent so that it can be moved to the process bee entrance, the bottom part is removable and has the form of a box with the process bee entrance on its front side, the bee entrance having a plug with a hole for garbage removal. The lower part of the process bee entrance is made at the box floor level, which also has a triple-layer design and is made of plywood sheets with heat insulation and the lower heating element between them; the heating element may be for example a nickel-chromium wire spiral; the underroof piece being installed on the upper part of the housing with displacement to facilitate access to the comb frames, the external part of the roof projects above the underroof piece.

EFFECT: simpler design, bringing bee life conditions closer to natural ones.

14 cl, 5 dwg, 6 ex

Description

The invention relates to beekeeping and can be used to monitor the development of the bee family without disturbing the biological process of the bee's life in accordance with its adaptability in nature.

Known cabinet multi-module beehive, consisting of a detachable bottom and mounted on top of each other, vertically in height of the module housings and half-modules with cassettes for hive frames, a horizontal diaphragm with a notch, a ceiling and a roof, additionally equipped with an intermediate strapping with two notches, with a retractable a two-chamber feeder, a pollen catcher and a pan, and the bottom is made with a door-liner having two bottom ventilation openings, barred by a grid and closed outside by shutters when disconnected ventilation, module housings and semi-modules have instead of a back wall a screed of elastic material, and on the side walls, on their inner side, guide rails as runners for installing drawers on a mounted quick-release table, with cassettes installed in the module housings in each cartridge for by reducing the height of the front walls, slotted inter-cassette slots are formed below the entire width of the cassette for free passage of bee individuals to the external notch and back into the hive frames, the ceiling is designed as a two-chamber feeders with an inset board between the chambers, on which an electric heater, a gravity drinker in each hive and a temperature regulator for a group of hives are placed, providing conditions for high-temperature wintering of bees in the wild, and a ceiling insulation pad placed above the feeder has a control device for supply and exhaust ventilation of the hive . In addition, the hive modules and half-modules are single-cassette, allowing you to change the volume (height) of the hive depending on the strength of the bee family, beekeeping technology and time of year (RF Patent No. 2160530, IPC A01K 47/00, 2000).

The disadvantage of an analogue is the complexity of the design. In addition, all the details in the hive by the bees are polished, fastened together, and any extension requires effort up to a break.

The closest in technical essence and the achieved result to the claimed device is a beehive for the autumn-winter keeping of the bee family, including a cylindrical roof cover, nesting and bottom bodies, the walls of which are three-layer, a ceiling, a cover made in the form of a three-layer structure, honeycomb frames installed on lodgement in the nest housing with the main and additional slots, while the hive is equipped with a spacer installed between the nest and bottom bodies and made with elements for fixing them lid, with a plug and regulators of the size of the gap between the cover and the end face of the armpit, the lodgement is installed between the armpit and the nest housing and is made in the form of a plate equipped with elements for installing honeycomb frames and fixing the nest housing and the armpit, the lid is made with ventilation slots for communicating the volume of the armpit with the atmosphere , through holes are made in the ceiling for communicating the volume of the nest housing with the volume of the roof cover and in the bottom housing for communicating the volume of the bottom housing with the atmosphere, while the ceiling It rests on a cradle and plug is installed on the ceiling and is adapted to overlap the openings in the ceiling (RF patent №2199857, A01K 47/00, 2003).

The disadvantage of the prototype device is the complexity of the design due to the implementation of the hive in the form of a cylinder, which requires the manufacture of special frames, and in the case of using standard frames there remains unused space in the form of segments. In addition, there are many upper and lower holes that constantly change the size of the ventilation holes. Installing additional enclosures down the hive, which is the colder part.

The objective of the invention is to simplify the design, the approximation of the living conditions of bees to natural.

The problem is achieved in that in a hive containing a housing having a nesting part with walls of a three-layer structure and a bottom part with a technological notch, honeycomb frames mounted on a lodgement in a nesting housing with a main notch, a roof having a roof cover and containing ventilation holes, a heater, the main and technological doors are made with a bias on the outside, in contrast to the prototype, the outer and inner parts of the wall of the three-layer structure of the nesting part of the body are made of wood, for example, mortars or aspen with an intermediate layer between them of polystyrene foam, for example expanded polystyrene, at the level of the lower planks of the honeycomb frames there is a main notch in the shape of a semi-oval, to which an arrival board is attached with the possibility of displacement to the technological notch, and the bottom part is removable, in the form of a box, on the front side of which is a technological notch with a plug having an opening for the removal of debris, and the lower part of the opening of the technological notch is made at the level of the floor of the box, also having a multilayer design ju, made of sheets of plywood, between the sheets of which there is a heater and a lower heating element, made for example in the form of a spiral of nichrome wire, while the roof liner is mounted on the upper part of the housing with offset to facilitate access to the honeycomb frames, and the outer part of the roof protrudes underwing.

In addition, a feeder can be installed in the technological tap hole.

In addition, a drinking bowl can be installed in the technological tap hole.

In addition, a heater can be installed in the process tap.

In addition, a dust collector can be installed in the process tap.

In addition, a humidity sensor can be installed in the process tap.

In addition, a temperature sensor can be installed in the process tap.

In addition, a thermostat can be installed in the process tap.

In addition, a microphone can be installed in the technology tap.

In addition, a video surveillance system, such as a video camera, can be installed in a technological door.

In addition, in the nesting housing, the main notch can be in the form of a semi-oval made with an outward inclination.

In addition, in the bottom of the technological notch can be in the form of a truncated pyramid laid on its side, the long side and the slope outward.

In addition, the plug can be made in the form of a truncated pyramid, the inner size of which is not more than 130 × 90 mm.

In addition, the frame dehumidifier is a box containing more than two frames, on one of the sides of which there is a hole no larger than 130 × 80 mm, and with this side it is pressed and fixed to the technological notch, and the dehumidifier is closed with a lid on top.

A beehive for spring-summer keeping of bees, including a roof, a roof cover, a nest housing, a bottom part, in contrast to the prototype, is equipped with additional buildings and a frame dehumidifier.

The invention is illustrated by drawings. Figure 1 shows a General view of the hive. Figure 2 shows a photo of the state of the bee family after removal from the winter road. Figure 3 shows a photo of the development of the bee family. Figure 4 shows a photo of the beginning of the preparation of the bee family for swarming (detuning drone honeycombs). Figure 5 shows a photo of a bee family two days before the release of the swarm.

The hive contains a housing 1 made of three-layer walls. The inner layer is made of polystyrene foam. At the level of the lower slats of the frames, the main notch 2 is located in the form of a semi-oval, to which an arrival board is attached (not shown in the drawing). The bottom part 3 is made in the form of a box. The bottom is removable on the folds. On one of the long sides is a technological notch 4, which is closed by a plug 5, which has an opening for the removal of debris. The bottom part 3 is also multi-layered and made of plywood sheets. A nichrome wire with a resistance of 30-40 Ohms is used in the space between the sheets of plywood, which is used as the lower heater 6. The roof 8 is fitted with a roof 8, which has gable slats and has a ventilation hole 9. The edges of the upper nozzles of the hive overlap the lower nozzles of the hive and go a step. A frame 10 is installed inside the housing 1, on top of which a canvas 11 with an upper insulation 12 is located. A insulation of the housing 13 is located in the wall of the housing 1.

A hive with a warmed case and a high removable bottom, in which there is a technological notch, has the following advantages:

- the insulated case with sharp changes in external temperature allows you to maintain a microclimate in the nest, does not stress the bees, reduces feed consumption, which is used to maintain the microclimate, has a thermal conductivity of 3-5 times less, weight 2 times less than from a solid tree, does not contain protruding parts;

- the bottom is a good heat exchanger due to the large amount of air space under the frames, it is easily interchangeable, it allows you to remove debris during the spring and autumn inspection and install additional devices in it.

The construction of video surveillance consists of a remote part and a computer. The remote part is a surveillance camera, such as a video camera, which may or may not be connected to a computer. A computer is necessary for the formation in a temporary mode of a database of the state of each bee colony.

Examples of specific implementation of the method.

Example 1. Winter monitoring of the state of the bee colony.

Winter monitoring of the state of the bee colonies is carried out after the families are brought into the winter road. The control is carried out for the displacement of the club, the presence of death in its quantity, etc.

In the absence of technical means

If there is free access to the hives, they approach each bee family, carefully, without undue noise, open the technological door 4, visually examine the condition, illuminating the red lamp of the flashlight.

In the presence of technical means

Insert a camera into the technological notch 4 (preferably with infrared illumination), record (shoot) the state of each bee colony, load the resulting image into the computer’s memory (if the picture was taken without connecting to a computer) in the folder corresponding to the family number. Repeat this procedure once a month or if necessary. At the end of February and in March, shooting is performed more often. A week before the removal of bees to the point, they fix where the club is located, the amount of death, the presence of mold, the presence of honey. This is necessary in order to carry out priority activities after the hives are carried out to the points. After reviewing the previous shots of all families, they determine what the order of the club’s displacement was and where it is at the moment, weakened families are given top dressing, determined by the number of deaths and the location of the club. They clean the bottom from scorching (this operation can be performed under any weather conditions).

In favorable weather

Remove the moldy frame, put the frame with honey if necessary, clean the housing 1 if necessary.

If monitoring was not carried out in winter, then to fix the state of the bee colony, all necessary measures are carried out after the bees are taken to the point.

Example 2. Spring-summer monitoring of the state of the bee colony.

In the spring, when warm weather sets in, they take the hives out of the winter road, put them on the spot, let the bees calm down, open technological summer 4 (this operation can be performed in the afternoon, evening, at dusk or even at night). If there is no technical means, consider the condition of the bees visually using the light of a flashlight. If technical means are available, they open the technological door 4, take the camera (digital camera, video camera with a memory card), the camera connected to the computer, and through the technological door 4 take pictures of the state of the bee colony (presence of bees, their state, number, presence and state of death, presence molds), send the resulting image to a folder corresponding to the family number, replace the bottoms - the dirty bottom with a touch to clean, each family create a folder corresponding to the family number.

Note

The state of the bees can not be recorded after the removal of the bees, if the control was carried out during wintering (see example 1 - winter monitoring, figure 2, 3).

If there is any doubt about the development of the family, then under normal weather conditions, they will perform a routine inspection.

Every 10 days (if technical means are available, it can be done every day), information is collected on the state of each bee colony (it takes 1.5-2 minutes to inspect), each received image of the state is entered into the folder of his family.

As the interframe space is filled with bees (strengthening the family), frames with wax or land are added to the full (12 pcs.) Amount.

After the bees have completely filled the interframe space (12 frames), if there is no task of releasing a swarm, put a store extension or a second building on the main building.

Example 3. When releasing a swarm.

Leave the case with 12 frames for further development and continue to observe.

Free bees of an expanding family begin to accumulate in the frame space in the form of clusters in one corner of the hive. As the bees accumulate under the frame, the construction of drone honeycombs begins in the form of reeds in which the uterus lays a drone brood. This indicates the beginning of the preparation of the family for swarming. This eliminates the need to install a control frame. As the drone cells are filled and sealed, the tongues can be cut off, and drone milk necessary for cosmetic and medical purposes can be extracted from them. After 18-20 days after sealing the drone cells, the first swarm will come out (see Figs. 4, 5). Free bees fill the frame space to such a state that there is a need to open the technological notch completely for ventilation.

Example 4. Feeding.

In order to feed the bees or put the drinker, the technological lettuce 4 is first opened, then the drinker or feeder is pushed through the technological lettuce 4, then the technological lettuce 4 is closed, the selection of feeds is traced, and, if necessary, supplemented. The procedure is repeated as necessary.

The dimensions of the feeder should be no more than 400 mm in length, not more than 120 mm in width, not more than 80 mm in height. You can use any containers corresponding to these sizes as a drinking bowl or feeder. Previously used side or top feeders can also be used.

Example 4. The collection of pollen.

The arrival board is lowered to the lower edge of the technological notch 4, the technological notch 4 is opened, the dust collector is retracted (the design is such that it overlaps the technological notch 90 × 130 mm across). Bees flying out of the main entrance, after arrival, sit on the flight board and enter the hive through a dust collector.

Pulling the dust collector out of the process door 2, release it from the pollen and repeat the procedure as necessary.

Example 5. The use of a desiccant.

Open the technological notch 4, remove the plug 5 of the technological notch 4, a desiccant (not shown in the drawing), press the side with the hole on it and fix it to the bottom 3, put frames with honey, syrup or water in the desiccant. The dehumidifier is closed by a lid. Periodically, after the removal of honey or syrup, the frames are replaced with the following.

Example 6. Heating.

In the absence of a lower heater 6, you can use an additional heater, the size of which is not more than 400 × 120 mm, which is retracted into the process door and connected to a 12 or 6 volt power supply. If necessary, install a thermostat.

So, the claimed invention allows to reduce the time spent on the maintenance of bees, to minimize interference with the biological process of the life of bees, to increase the yield, increase the profitability of beekeeping.

The invention allows to observe and carry out year-round visual monitoring of the state of the bee colony without disturbing the microclimate, to analyze it over the past period.

Visual or video control is simple in design, convenient to operate, does not require large expenditures, therefore it can be used not only for the control bee family, but also for each bee family, i.e. for 100% monitoring of the development of all bee colonies. Such monitoring allows minimizing disassembly of the nest, not destroying the microclimate, and replacing it with systematic visual observation of each hive in an apiary of any size.

Claims (14)

1. A hive comprising a housing having a nesting part with walls of a three-layer structure and a bottom part with a technological notch, honeycomb frames mounted on a lodgement in a nesting housing with a main notch, a roof having a roof cover and containing ventilation holes, insulation, the main and technological notches are made with a bias on the outside, characterized in that the outer and inner parts of the wall of the three-layer structure of the nesting part of the body are made of wood, such as linden or aspen with an intermediate layer between they are made of polystyrene foam, for example expanded polystyrene, at the level of the lower slats of the honeycomb frames, there is a semi-shaped main notch, to which a landing board is attached with the possibility of displacement to the technological notch, and the bottom part is removable in the form of a box, on the front side of which there is a technological notch with a plug having an opening for the removal of debris, and the lower part of the opening of the technological notch is made at the level of the floor of the box, also having a multilayer structure made of plywood sheets, between hundred located heater and a lower heating element made for example in the form of a spiral of nichrome wire, wherein podkryshnik mounted on an upper portion of the housing offset to facilitate access to the cell framework and the external part of the roof extends above podkryshnikom. 2. The hive according to claim 1, characterized in that a feeder is installed in the process tap. 3. The hive according to claim 1, characterized in that a drinking bowl is installed in the process tap. 4. The hive according to claim 1, characterized in that a heater is installed in the process tap. 5. The hive according to claim 1, characterized in that a dust collector is installed in the process door. 6. The hive according to claim 1, characterized in that a humidity sensor is installed in the process tap. 7. The hive according to claim 1, characterized in that a temperature sensor is installed in the process tap. 8. The hive according to claim 1, characterized in that a thermostat is installed in the process tap. 9. The hive according to claim 1, characterized in that a microphone is installed in the technological notch. 10. The beehive according to claim 1, characterized in that a video surveillance system, for example a video camera, is installed in the technological notch. 11. The hive according to claim 1, characterized in that in the nesting housing the main notch has the shape of a semi-oval made with an outward inclination. 12. The hive according to claim 1, characterized in that in the bottom part the technological notch has the shape of a truncated pyramid laid on its side with the long side and tilted outward. 13. The hive according to claim 1, characterized in that the plug is made in the form of a truncated pyramid, the inner size of which is not more than 130 × 90 mm. 14. The hive according to claim 1, characterized in that the dehumidifier of the frames is a box comprising more than two frames, on one of the sides of which there is a hole no larger than 130 × 80 mm and this side is pressed and fixed to the technological notch, and the top of the dryer is covered with a lid.

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