RU2331457C1 - Filtering material - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: chemistry.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the removal of solid particles from liquids and gases, in ecological processes of treatment of sewage and smoky gases in cases of oil spills from tankers, oil pipelines and oil tanks and also for collecting petroleum products from the surface of water. The filtering material, consists of synthetic threads in the form of the tubular jersey having a piled surface with comminuted rubber placed in it, the piled surface on the back side of the tubular jersey consisting of two layers, and the lower layer is made from binder thread, consisting of inextensible and elastic yarn, and the top layer is made of plating inextensible cord, in this case the height of the top layer is 0.5-3.2 times more than bottom.

EFFECT: improvement of quality of filtering during the cleaning liquids and gases and improvement of a degree of removal of petroleum products stormy and industrial discharges.

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Description

The invention relates to the purification of liquids and gases from solid particles and can be used in chemical, petrochemical, metallurgical, automotive and other industries using filters in the main and auxiliary production, in environmental processes for the treatment of wastewater and flue gases, as well as for surface cleaning water from hydrocarbons.

Known filter materials from polymeric yarns in the form of knitted knitwear, the loops of which form through pores by interlacing an eraser 1 + 1, in which one of the elastomeric threads, and at least two weft threads are located between the loops of the front and back sides, the thickness of the weft thread is 1 , 1-1.3 times the diameter of the through pore (Russian Patent No. 1438826, B01D 39/08, BI No. 43, 1988).

However, such filter materials do not provide the necessary degree of purification and are labor intensive during operation.

A known tool for cleaning the surface of water from oil and oil products, containing a layer of porous sorbent in the form of a two-layer plate, consisting of a layer of porous material based on a composition of crumb rubber from 0.2 to 2.5 mm in size and powdered polyethylene in the ratio of mass parts: rubber crumb - 100, polyethylene - 5-20 and a plastic film connected to a porous material when heated (Utility Model Certificate No. 6165 of the Russian Federation, IPC ⁶ V32V 25/00 BPM, 1998, No. 3).

However, the disadvantages of this tool are the low degree of absorption of oil and oil products, as well as the complexity of the manufacture of the structure.

Known filter material consisting of synthetic threads in the form of tubular knitwear, and inside the tubular knitwear there is rubber crumb 0.4-0.75 mm in size, and the knitwear is made of polymer threads, one of which is elastomeric, and loops of elastomeric filament form inside the filter the material is an elastic skeleton, and the pore size of the tubular knitwear is 1.2-1.5 times smaller than the crumb size (Russian Patent No. 2198717, B01D 39/08, D04B 1/14, BI No. 5, 2003).

However, such filter materials have poor filtering quality in the process of cleaning liquids and gases, and also do not withstand the pressure of the liquid.

Known filter material made in the form of a single integumentary knitwear made of polymer threads, one of the sides of the filter surface is made of pile elements in the form of enlarged platinum and needle arches from the plating thread, alternating with each other in a loop, and the reverse side is made of pile elements in in the form of curved sticks of the loop core formed relative to the soil loop of spandex polyurethane thread, while the length of the plating thread is 2-4 times longer than the length of the soil thread (Russian Patent No. 144 7076, B01D 39/08, BI No. 42, 1983).

However, such filter materials have poor filtering quality during the cleaning of liquids and gases, since crumb rubber clogs through the pores of the filter material under the pressure of a liquid or gas.

The closest to the claimed object in terms of features and selected for the prototype is a filter material consisting of synthetic threads in the form of tubular knitwear from synthetic threads, made by plated weaving, in which the ground thread is made of synthetic threads, and the plating thread is made of rubber threads forming on the front side is a pile surface, and the length of the rubber thread in the loop is 1.2-1.8 times the length of the synthetic thread in the loop, and inside the tubular jersey are placed: cellulose fibrous material, rubber fibers or rubber crumb and polyurethane foam crumb in a volume ratio of 1: (2-4) :( 1.5-3), respectively (Russian Patent No. 2252583, B01D 39/08, C04F 1/28, BI No. 20, 2005).

However, such filter materials have poor filtering quality during the cleaning of liquids and gases, since crumb rubber clogs through the pores of the filter material under the pressure of a liquid or gas.

The objective of the invention is to create a new filter material with the ability to filter liquids and gases, as well as purify water from oil under pressure.

When using the proposed filter material, the following technical result is obtained: an increase in the quality of filtration during the purification of liquids and gases, as well as an improvement in the degree of purification from oil products of storm and industrial effluents.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that the filter material consists of synthetic threads in the form of a tubular knit with a pile surface and rubber crumb placed in it, in which the pile surface on the wrong side of the tubular knit consists of two layers, and the lower layer is made of soil thread, consisting of from inextensible and elastomeric yarns, and the upper one from plating inextensible yarn, while the height of the upper layer is 0.5-3.2 times greater than the lower one.

The implementation of the filter material in the form of a tubular knit allows you to get a two-layer uniform pile filter surface, which improves the quality of filtration and allows you to create a shell with additional holding rubber crumb. In addition, the pile porous structure of the knitwear provides a capillary effect in the collection of petroleum products in industrial effluents.

The use of synthetic yarns in the manufacture of tubular knitwear allows it to be used both in an aqueous environment and in an aggressive environment.

The presence of rubber crumb inside the tubular filter material allows oil products to be retained within the structure by swelling of the rubber crumb.

When swelling, the rubber crumb, increasing in size, stretches the knitwear both in the longitudinal and in the transverse directions and thereby additionally increases the pores of the knitwear. This contributes to an increase in absorption.

The use of the lower pile layer obtained from soil filament by simultaneously knitting inextensible and elastomeric filaments, allows to reduce permeability, which improves the quality of filtration.

The use of the upper pile layer of the plating thread allows to increase the thickness of the filter material by creating an additional pre-filter surface, which helps to prevent clogging of the lower layer by large mechanical particles and increase the quality of filtration.

The use of filter material, in which the height of the upper nap layer is 0.5 times less than the lower nap layer, does not provide a high-quality filtering process, since the pores of the filter material are quickly filled and the degree of purification decreases sharply.

The use of filter material in which the height of the upper pile layer is 3.2 times greater than the lower pile layer is difficult to manufacture, in view of the limitations of the design of the knitted machine.

Figure 1 presents a cross section of the filter material, and figure 2 is a graphical record of the weave.

Figure 1 shows the filter material in the form of a tubular knit 1, consisting of two layers, a lower 2, an upper layer 3, and a rubber crumb 4 located inside the tubular knit 1.

Figure 2 presents a graphical record of a tubular knitted material consisting of a lower pile layer 2 of inextensible 5 and elastomeric 6 threads and an upper layer 3 consisting of a platens inextensible thread 7.

Filter material in the form of tubular knitwear is manufactured on a 14-28 class circular knit machine. The lower pile layer is formed by simultaneously knitting inextensible and elastomeric yarns as a ground yarn while tensioning an inextensible yarn of 2.3-3.4 N and an elastomeric yarn of 1.6-2.5 N with a stop depth of 1.5-4.2 mm. Knitting of the platen pile thread of the upper layer is carried out under tension of 4.5-5.6 N using platinum, forming an additional fencing surface, allowing to obtain pile loops of the upper layer. Inside the finished filter material, crumb rubber 4 is poured and the edges of the tubular knit 1 are fixed with clamps. The finished filter material is installed in the path of a moving industrial stream of liquid or gas. With the passage of the filtered liquid or gas, they are cleaned. At high pressures of industrial effluents, the rubber crumb 4 is pressed against the upper layer 3 with a pile surface of the tubular filter material. Pile loops of the upper layer 3 do not allow the rubber crumb 4 to fill the pores of the lower layer. When installing the filter material in the path of the filtered stream containing petroleum waste, cleaning occurs due to the swelling of the rubber crumb 4. The swollen, rubber crumb 4 stretches the lower layer 2 of the filter material, providing an additional amount of collection of oil products from the surface of the water.

For clarity, the test table of the filter material in comparison with the prototype. The diameter of the rubber crumb was established experimentally by determining the largest average size of the diameter of the crumb using an EM - 9 electron microscope.

The filtration process was carried out for an 8.0% suspension with the presence of 18-32% of oil products from wastewater from a car repair shop. Particle size varied from 8 to 100 microns with a pressure drop of 2-3.5 atm and with a filtered flow velocity of 2.6-4.8 m / s. To determine the degree of absorption of oil products, the filter material was placed in a moving layer of the liquid fraction and kept for 25 minutes, and then weighed.

Example 1

The filtering process was carried out using filter material with rubber crumb, in which the height of the pile layer is 0.5 times greater than the lower pile layer.

Example 2

The filtering process was carried out using filter material with rubber crumb, in which the height of the pile layer is 3.2 times greater than the lower pile layer.

Example 3

The filtering process was carried out using filter material with rubber crumb, in which the height of the pile layer is 1.5 times greater than the lower pile layer.

The test results are summarized in table.

Table Material Specific productivity, l / m ² min The degree of purification of the suspension,% The degree of absorption of oil,% The filter material made on the prototype 20.8 80 87 The proposed filter material according to example 1 30,2 85 92 The proposed filter material according to example 2 38.8 92 98 The proposed filter material according to example 3 35.5 90 97

The table shows that the specific productivity of the filtering process increases slightly, the quality of the filtering and the degree of absorption of petroleum products due to swelling of rubber crumb are improved.

Thus, the above information indicates the fulfillment of the following set of conditions when using the claimed invention:

- funds that embody the claimed invention in its implementation, can be used in chemical, petrochemical, engineering, automotive and other industries that use filter materials in environmental processes of wastewater and industrial gases, as well as for the collection of petroleum products;

- for the claimed invention as described in the independent clause of the claims below, the possibility of its implementation using the means and methods described above or known prior to the priority date is confirmed.

Claims (1)

A filter material consisting of synthetic threads in the form of a tubular knitwear having a pile surface with rubber crumb placed therein, characterized in that the pile surface on the wrong side of the tubular knitwear consists of two layers, the lower layer being made of a filament consisting of inextensible and elastomeric yarns, and the upper one from a non-extensible yarn, with the height of the upper layer 0.5-3.2 times greater than the lower one.

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