RU2350375C1 - Filter fabric - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: chemistry.

SUBSTANCE: fabric consists of synthetic fibres structured as hollow knitted fabrics with rubber powder sized 1.5-3.2 mm inside, prepared with mixed air and ozone. Additionally hollow knitted fabrics are filled with ebonite powder sized 2.8-4.0 mm. Volume ratio of rubber and ebonite powder is 5:1.

EFFECT: material improving, higher purification efficiency of storm and industrial discharges from mineral oils and heavy metal particles after use of the given material.

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Description

The invention relates to the purification of liquids and gases from solid particles of heavy metals and can be used in chemical, petrochemical, metallurgical, automotive and other industries that use filters in the main and auxiliary production, in environmental processes for the treatment of wastewater and flue gases, during oil spills from tankers, oil pipelines and oil storages, as well as for collecting oil products from the surface of the water and cleaning industrial wastes from heavy metal particles.

Known filter materials from polymeric yarns in the form of knitted knitwear, the loops of which form through pores by interlacing an eraser 1 + 1, in which one of the elastomeric threads, and at least two weft threads are located between the loops of the front and back sides, the thickness of the weft thread is 1 , 1-1.3 times the diameter of the through pore.

(Russian Patent No. 1438826, B01D 39/08, B.I. No. 43, 1988).

However, such filter materials do not provide the necessary degree of purification and have an insufficient degree of absorption of oil products from the surface of the water, do not purify particles of heavy metals, and during operation, when the pressure of a moving fluid is quickly destroyed.

Known tool for cleaning the surface of the water from oil and oil products, containing a layer of porous sorbent in the form of a two-layer plate, consisting of a layer of porous material based on a composition of crumb rubber from 0.2 to 2.5 mm in size and powdered polyethylene in the ratio of mass parts: crumb rubber 100, polyethylene 5-20, and a plastic film connected to a porous material when heated.

(Utility Model Certificate No. 6165 of the Russian Federation, IPC 6 V32 at 25/00 BPM, 1998, No. 3).

However, the disadvantage of this tool is the low degree of absorption of oil and oil products, do not purify industrial wastewater from particles of heavy metals, as well as the complexity of manufacturing the design.

Known means for cleaning the surface of the water from oil and oil products in the form of a plate based on a composition of rubber crumb and powdered polyethylene, the composition further comprises crushed fibrous cellulosic material in the following ratio of components (parts by weight): rubber crumb 100, polyethylene 15-25, crushed fibrous cellulosic material 10-30.

(Russian Patent No. 2148025, С02F 1/28, B.I. No. 12, 2000).

The disadvantage of this tool is the complexity of manufacturing, insufficient absorption, they are not purified from particles of heavy metals, the high complexity when collecting the sorbent from the surface of the water.

Known filter material consisting of synthetic threads in the form of tubular knitwear, and inside the tubular knitwear there is rubber crumb 0.4-0.75 mm in size, and the knitwear is made of polymer threads, one of which is elastomeric, and loops of elastomeric filament form inside the filter the material is an elastic frame, and the pore size of the tubular knitwear is 1.2-1.5 times smaller than the size of the crumbs.

(Russian Patent No. 2288024, B01D 39/08, B.I. No. 27, 2003).

However, such filter materials have poor filtering quality in the process of purification of liquids and gases, do not clean from particles of heavy metals.

The closest filter material to the claimed object in terms of features and selected for the prototype is a filter material consisting of synthetic threads in the form of a tubular knit with rubber crumb 1.2-2.6 mm in size and stone crumb 3.2-4 in size, 5 mm, and the knitwear contains additional weft threads, the diameter of which is larger than the size of the rubber crumb by 0.5-1.2 times, and the volume ratio between the rubber and stone crumb is 3: 1.

(Russian Patent No. 2198717, B01D 39/08, D04B 1/14, B.I. No. 5, 2003).

However, such filter materials have poor filtering quality in the process of purifying liquids and gases, do not purify heavy metal particles, and also do not withstand the pressure of the liquid.

The objective of the invention is the creation of a new filter material with the ability to filter liquids, purify water from oil products under pressure, as well as purify industrial wastewater from particles of heavy metals, such as mercury.

When using the proposed filter material, the following technical result is obtained: an increase in the quality of filtration during the purification of liquids, as well as an improvement in the degree of purification from oil products of storm and industrial effluents and from particles of heavy metals, for example mercury.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that in the filter material, consisting of synthetic threads in the form of tubular knitwear with rubber crumb placed inside, rubber crumb 1.5-3.2 mm in size is pre-treated for 1-5 hours with an ozone-air mixture, with an ozone content of 1-35 mg / l, while inside the tubular knitwear an ebonite crumb of 2.8-4.0 mm in size is additionally placed, and the sizes of the purl loops are 0.8-1.4 times smaller than the front loops of the knit, the volume ratio between rubber and hard rubber crumb is 5: 1.

The implementation of the filter material in the form of a tubular knit allows you to get a uniform filter surface without seams, which improves the quality of the filtration and allows you to create a shell to hold rubber and hard rubber crumbs. In addition, the porous structure of knitwear provides a capillary effect in the collection of petroleum products and heavy metal particles in industrial effluents.

The use of synthetic threads in the manufacture of tubular knitwear allows you to use it in both aqueous and aggressive environments.

The presence of rubber crumb inside the tubular filter material allows oil products to be retained within the structure by swelling of the rubber crumb. When swelling, the rubber crumb, increasing in size, stretches the knitted fabric in both longitudinal and transverse directions, and thereby further increases the pores of the knit. This helps to increase the degree of absorption of the filter material.

Pretreatment of the rubber crumb with an ozone-air mixture allows purification of the filtered fluid by increasing the number of functional groups on the surface of the rubber crumb, which improves the quality of the filter.

Pretreatment of rubber crumb with an ozone-air mixture of less than 1 hour does not provide a sufficient number of functional groups on the surface of rubber crumb, which affects the quality of the filter.

Pretreatment of rubber crumb with an ozone-air mixture for more than 5 hours does not increase the number of functional groups on the surface of rubber crumb, which affects the quality of the filter.

Pretreatment with an ozone-air mixture of rubber crumb with an ozone content of less than 1 mg / l does not provide a sufficient number of functional groups on the surface of the rubber crumb, which affects the quality of the filter.

Pretreatment with an ozone-air mixture of rubber crumb with an ozone content of more than 35 mg / l does not increase the number of functional groups on the surface of the crumb, which affects the quality of the filter.

The use of crumbs with a size of less than 1.5 mm leads to the breakthrough of rubber crumb through the loops of the knitted fabric, and when it gets into a moving fluid stream, it is washed out, which affects the quality of filtration, and also reduces the amount of crumbs, which reduces the absorption of petroleum products from the surface of the water.

The use of rubber crumbs with a size of more than 3.2 mm affects the quality of the filtration, since when the water is purified from oil products, a very slow swelling of the crumbs occurs, which reduces the quality of cleaning.

The use of hard rubber crumb allows trapping heavy metal particles under pressure of a moving wastewater fluid, and also does not allow crumb rubber to agglomerate, i.e. Do not stray into a single mass, but remain loose, due to which the sorption capacity does not decrease.

The use of hard rubber chips larger than 4.0 mm leads to a complication of the design of the filter material, which reduces the quality of water purification from particles of heavy metals

The use of hard rubber crumb less than 2.8 mm in size leads to a decrease in the permeability of the filter material, which reduces the quality of water purification from oil products and solid metal particles.

Using the size of the back loops of knitted filter material more than 1.4 times the size of the front loops affects the degree of purification and reduces the performance of the filtering process.

Using the size of the back loops of knitted filter material less than 0.8 times the front loops affects the degree of cleaning due to clogging of the internal pores with solid particles, which necessitates frequent regeneration of the filter material.

An increase in the volume ratio between rubber and hard rubber more than 5: 1 complicates the design of the filter material, since hard rubber does not provide stability in a moving stream of water.

Reducing the volume ratio between rubber and hard rubber less than 5: 1 affects the quality of the filter.

The drawing shows a filter material in the form of a tubular knit 1, rubber crumb 2 and hard rubber crumb 3.

Filter material in the form of tubular knitwear is made on a 14–28 class double-loop circular knit machine by knitting synthetic threads with a tension of 3.2–4.4 N and a depth of cooling in the cylinder of 3.2 mm, which provides face loops and a ripshailer with a depth of cooling of 1, 8 mm, providing purl loops. Rubber and ebonite crumbs are poured into the inside of the finished filter material in a volume ratio of 5 ÷ 1, and then the edges of the tubular knit are fixed with clamps. Before crumbling, the rubber crumb is preliminarily treated with ozonation by the ozone-air mixture or the rubber crumb obtained by ozone grinding of automobile tires is used. The sizes of rubber and ebonite crumbs were obtained by sifting them through a sieve having various openings. The finished filter material is installed in a filter solution of an industrial liquid. When cleaning the filtered liquid, heavy metal ions are deposited on the surface of rubber and ebonite crumbs. If there is waste oil in the filter fluid, it is cleaned by swelling rubber crumb. After cleaning the industrial fluid, the filter material is removed, squeezed and fed for updating. When the filter material is saturated with heavy metal ions, it is fed to the electrolysis, where it is restored.

For clarity, the test table of the filter material in comparison with the prototype.

Example 1

The filtering process was carried out using a filter material with rubber crumb pre-treated for 1 hour with an ozone-air mixture with an ozone content of 1 mg / L of size 1.5 mm and ebonite crumb of 2.8 mm and with an inside size of 0 , 8 times smaller than the loops of the outer side of the knitwear, with a volume ratio of rubber and hard rubber crumb 2: 1.

Example 2

The filtering process was carried out using a filter material with rubber crumb pre-treated for 5 hours with an ozone-air mixture, with an ozone content of 35 mg / L, size 3.2 mm, and ebonite crumb, 4.0 mm in size, and with dimensions of the inner side of the knit 1.4 times less than the size of the loops on the outside of the knitwear with a volume ratio of rubber and hard rubber crumb 5: 1.

Example 3

The filtering process was carried out using a filter material with rubber crumb, pre-treated for 3 hours with an ozone-air mixture, with an ozone content of 20 mg / L, 2.4 mm in size and ebonite crumb in a size of 3.2 mm, and with dimensions of the inside of the knit 1.0 times smaller than the loops of the outer side of the knitwear with a volume ratio of rubber and hard rubber crumb 3: 1.

The size of the rubber and ebonite crumbs was determined experimentally by determining the largest average crumb size using an EM-9 electron microscope.

The filtration process was carried out for a 5.0% suspension with the presence of 10-22% of petroleum products and heavy metal particles of wastewater from a car repair shop. The particle size varied from 8-100 microns. with a pressure drop of 2-3.5 atm and with a filtered flow rate of 5.0-7.2 m / s. To determine the degree of absorption of oil products and heavy metal particles, the filter material was placed in a moving layer of the liquid fraction and held for 30 minutes, and then rubber crumb and then ebonite were weighed.

Table Specific productivity, l / m ² min The degree of purification of the suspension,% The degree of absorption of oil,% SOE, mEq / g Sorption capacity on Hg ⁺ , mg.eq./g The filter material made on the prototype 18.3 72 76 1.3 0.8 The filter material according to example 1 28,2 76 85 2.1 0.97 The filter material according to example 2 36,4 84 97 2.7 0.85 The filter material according to example 3 40.8 88 108 3,1 1,2

The table shows that the specific productivity of the filtering process increases slightly, the quality of the filtering and the degree of absorption of petroleum products due to swelling of rubber crumb are improved.

Thus, the above information indicates the fulfillment of the following set of conditions when using the claimed invention:

means that embody the claimed invention in its implementation, can be used in chemical, petrochemical, engineering, automotive and other industries that use filter materials in environmental processes of wastewater and industrial gases, as well as for the collection of petroleum products;

for the claimed invention, as described in the independent clause of the claims below, the possibility of its implementation using the means and methods described above or known prior to the priority date is confirmed.

Claims (1)

Filter material consisting of synthetic threads in the form of tubular knitwear with rubber crumb placed inside, characterized in that they use rubber crumb 1.5-3.2 mm in size, pre-treated with an ozone-air mixture for 1-5 hours, containing 1- 35 mg / l, while inside the tubular knitwear an ebonite crumb of 2.8-4.0 mm in size is additionally placed, and the dimensions of the purl loops are 0.8-1.4 times smaller than the front loops of the knitwear, and the volume ratio between the rubber and ebonite crumb is 5: 1.