RU77792U1 - FILTER MATERIAL - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to the purification of liquids and gases from solid particles of heavy metals and can be used in chemical, petrochemical, metallurgical, automotive and other industries using filters in the main and auxiliary production, in environmental processes for the treatment of wastewater and flue gases, during oil spills from tankers, oil pipelines and oil storage facilities, as well as for collecting oil products from the surface of the water and cleaning industrial wastes from heavy metal particles.

The technical result is: an increase in the quality of filtration during the purification of liquids and gases, as well as an improvement in the degree of purification from oil products of storm and industrial effluents and from particles of heavy metals.

The essence of the invention is that in a filter material consisting of synthetic threads in the form of tubular knitwear with rubber crumb placed inside, rubber crumb of 0.3-3.5 mm in size is used, while inside a tubular knit made by weaving a smooth surface from simultaneously knitted in loops of inextensible and elastomeric threads, which form an elastic skeleton in the structure of knitwear, an ebonite crumb of 2.8-4.0 mm in size is additionally placed. Moreover, the volume ratio between rubber and ebonite crumb with leaves 5: 1.

Description

The utility model relates to the purification of liquids and gases from solid particles of heavy metals and can be used in chemical, petrochemical, metallurgical, automotive and other industries that use filters in the main and auxiliary production, in environmental processes of wastewater and flue gas treatment, during spills oil from tankers, oil pipelines and oil storage facilities, as well as for collecting oil products from the surface of the water and cleaning industrial wastes from heavy metal particles.

Known filter materials from polymeric yarns in the form of knitted knitwear, the loops of which form through pores by interlacing an eraser 1 + 1, in which one of the elastomeric threads, and at least two weft threads are located between the loops of the front and back sides, the thickness of the weft thread is 1 , 1-1.3 times the diameter of the through pore.

(Russian Patent No. 1438826, B01D 39/08, B.I. No. 43, 1988).

However, such filter materials do not provide the necessary degree of purification and have an insufficient degree of absorption of oil products from the surface of the water, do not purify heavy metal particles, and during operation, when the pressure of a moving fluid quickly fails.

A known tool for cleaning the surface of the water from oil and oil products, containing a layer of porous sorbent in the form of a two-layer plate consisting of a layer of porous material based on a composition of crumb rubber from 0.2 to 2.5 mm in size and powdered polyethylene in the ratio of mass parts: rubber crumb - 100, polyethylene

5-20, and a polyethylene film connected to a porous material when heated.

(Utility Model Certificate No. 6165 of the Russian Federation, Cl. MPK6 V32V 25/00 BPM, 1998, No. 3).

However, the disadvantage of this tool is the low degree of absorption of oil and oil products, do not purify industrial wastewater from particles of heavy metals, as well as the complexity of manufacturing the design.

Known means for cleaning the surface of the water from oil and oil products in the form of a plate based on a composition of rubber crumb and powdered polyethylene, the composition further comprises crushed fibrous cellulosic material in the following ratio of components (parts by weight): rubber crumb 100, polyethylene 15-25, crushed fibrous cellulosic material 10-30.

(Russian Patent No. 2148025, С02F 1/28, B.I. No. 12, 2000).

The disadvantage of this tool is the complexity of manufacturing, insufficient absorption, they are not purified from particles of heavy metals, the high complexity when collecting the sorbent from the surface of the water.

Known filter material consisting of synthetic threads in the form of tubular knitwear, and inside the tubular knitwear there is rubber crumb 0.4-0.75 mm in size, and the knitwear is made of polymer threads, one of which is elastomeric, and loops of elastomeric filament form inside the filter the material is an elastic frame, and the pore size of the tubular knitwear is 1.2-1.5 times smaller than the size of the crumbs.

(Russian Patent No. 2288024, B01D 39/08, B.I. No. 27, 2003).

However, such filter materials have poor filtering quality in the process of purification of liquids and gases, do not clean from particles of heavy metals.

The closest filter material to the claimed object in terms of features and selected for the prototype is a filter material consisting of synthetic threads in the form of a tubular knit with rubber crumb 1.2-2.6 mm in size and stone crumb 3.2-4 in size, 5 mm, and the knitwear contains additional weft threads, the diameter of which is larger than the size of the rubber crumb by 0.5-1.2 times, and the volume ratio between the rubber and stone crumb is 3: 1. (Russian Patent No. 2198717, B01D 39/08, D04B 1/14, B.I. No. 5, 2003).

However, such filter materials have poor filtering quality in the process of purification of liquids and gases, do not cleanse particles of heavy metals, and also do not withstand fluid pressure.

The objective of the utility model is to create a new filter material with the ability to filter liquids, purify water from oil products under pressure, as well as purify industrial wastewater from particles of heavy metals, such as mercury.

When using the proposed filter material, the following technical result is obtained: an increase in the quality of filtration in the process of purifying liquids, as well as an improvement in the degree of purification from oil products of storm and industrial effluents and from particles of heavy metals, such as mercury.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that in the filter material consisting of synthetic threads in the form of tubular knitwear with rubber crumb placed inside, rubber crumb of 0.3-3.5 mm in size is used, while inside the tubular knit made by weaving the smooth surface from simultaneously knitted in loops of inextensible and elastomeric threads, which form an elastic skeleton in the structure of knitwear, an ebonite crumb is additionally placed in size

2.8-4.0 mm., And the volume ratio between rubber and hard rubber crumb is 5: 1.

The implementation of the filter material in the form of a tubular knit allows you to get a uniform filter surface without seams, which improves the quality of filtration and allows you to create a shell to hold rubber and hard rubber crumbs. In addition, the porous structure of knitwear provides a capillary effect in the collection of petroleum products and heavy metal particles in industrial effluents.

The use of synthetic threads in the manufacture of tubular knitwear allows you to use it in both aqueous and aggressive environments.

The presence of rubber crumb inside the tubular filter material allows oil products to be retained within the structure by swelling of the rubber crumb. When swelling, the rubber crumb, increasing in size, stretches the knitted fabric in both longitudinal and transverse directions, and thereby further increases the pores of the knit. This helps to increase the degree of absorption of the filter material.

The use of crumbs with a size of less than 0.3 mm leads to the breakthrough of rubber crumb through the loops of the knitted fabric, and when it gets into a moving fluid stream, it is washed out, which affects the quality of filtration, and also reduces the amount of crumb, which reduces the absorption of oil products from the surface of the water.

The use of rubber chips with a size of more than 3.5 mm affects the quality of the filtration, since when cleaning water from petroleum products, a very slow swelling of the chips occurs, which reduces the quality of cleaning.

The use of tubular knitwear by weaving a smooth surface allows you to get a shell that provides reliable retention of rubber and hard rubber crumbs.

The use of an elastomeric thread in the structure of knitwear allows you to create an elastic skeleton that ensures the filling of the knit shell of rubber and ebonite crumbs, and the elastic properties of the elastomeric thread prevent spontaneous movement of the crumbs inside the knit shell.

The use of hard rubber crumb allows trapping particles of heavy metals at the pressure of a moving wastewater fluid, and also does not allow rubber crumb to agglomerate, i.e. Do not stray into a single mass, but remain loose, due to which the sorption capacity does not decrease.

The use of ebonite chips larger than 4.0 mm in size complicates the design of the filter material, which reduces the quality of water purification from particles of heavy metals

The use of hard rubber crumb less than 2.8 mm in size leads to a decrease in the permeability of the filter material, which reduces the quality of water purification from oil products and solid metal particles.

An increase in the volume ratio between rubber and hard rubber more than 5: 1 complicates the design of the filter material, since hard rubber does not provide stability in a moving stream of water.

Reducing the volume ratio between rubber and hard rubber less than 5: 1 affects the quality of the filter.

Figure 1 shows the filter material in the form of tubular knitwear, and Figure 2 shows a graphical record of the surface weave.

Figure 1 shows the filter material in the form of tubular knitwear 1, rubber crumb 2 and hard rubber crumb 3.

Figure 2 shows a graphical record of the interweaving of the surface of inextensible yarn 4 and elastomeric yarn 5, which forms an elastic skeleton 6.

Filter material in the form of tubular knitwear is manufactured on a single-loop circular knitting machine of grade 14-28 by knitting simultaneously inextensible and elastomeric yarns with tension of inextensible yarn 1.2-1.8 N, and elastomeric 2.4-3.2 N and the depth of cooling in the cylinder 3.6 mm., Providing an elastic frame of an elastomeric thread. Rubber and ebonite crumbs are poured into the inside of the finished filter material in a volume ratio of 5 + 1, and then the edges of the tubular knit are fixed with clamps. The sizes of rubber and ebonite crumbs were obtained by sifting them through a sieve having various openings. The finished filter material is installed in a filter solution of an industrial liquid. When cleaning the filtered fluid, heavy metal ions are deposited on the surface of the rubber and hard rubber crumb. If there is waste oil in the filter fluid, it is cleaned by swelling rubber crumb. After cleaning the industrial fluid, the filter material is removed, squeezed and fed for updating. When the filter material is saturated with heavy metal ions, it is fed to the electrolysis, where it is restored.

For clarity, the test table of the filter material in comparison with the prototype. The size of the rubber and ebonite crumbs was determined experimentally by determining the largest average crumb size using an EM-9 electron microscope.

Example 1

The filtering process was carried out using filter material with rubber crumb, 0.3 mm in size, and hard rubber crumb

2.8 mm in size, with a volume ratio of rubber and hard rubber crumb 2: 1.

Example 2

The filtering process was carried out using filter material with rubber crumb, 3.5 mm in size, and ebonite crumb, 4.0 mm in size, with a volume ratio of rubber and ebonite crumb of 5: 1.

                                                           Table Specific productivity, l / m ² min. The degree of purification of the suspension,% The degree of absorption of oil,% SOE, mEq / g Sorption capacity on Hg ⁺ , mEq. / G The filter material made on the prototype 18.3 72 76 1.3 0.8 The filter material according to example 1 32,2 77 85 2.1 0.97 The filter material according to example 2 46,4 84 97 2.7 0.85 The filter material according to example 3 48.8 88 108 3,1 1,2

Example 3

The filtering process was carried out using filter material with rubber crumb, size 1.4 mm, and ebonite crumb size 2.8 mm, with a volume ratio of rubber and ebonite crumb 3: 1.

The filtration process was carried out for a 5.0% suspension with the presence of 10-22% of petroleum products and heavy metal particles of wastewater from a car repair shop. The particle size varied from 8-100 microns. with a pressure drop of 2-3.5 atm. and at a filtered flow rate of 5.0-7.2 m / s. To determine the degree of absorption of oil products and heavy metal particles, the filter material was placed in a moving layer of the liquid fraction and held for 30 minutes. and then rubber crumb was weighed first, and then ebonite. The test data are summarized in table.

The table shows that the specific productivity of the filtering process increases slightly, the quality of the filtering and the degree of absorption of petroleum products due to swelling of rubber crumb are improved.

Thus, the above information indicates the fulfillment of the following set of conditions when using the claimed utility model:

- means that embody the declared useful in its implementation can be used in chemical, petrochemical, engineering, automotive and other industries that use filter materials in environmental wastewater treatment processes, as well as for the collection of oil products and heavy metal particles

- for the claimed utility model in the form as described in the independent clause of the utility model formula below, the possibility of its implementation using the means and methods described above or known prior to the priority date is confirmed.

Claims (1)

Filter material consisting of synthetic threads in the form of a tubular knit with rubber crumb placed inside, characterized in that rubber crumb is used with a size of 0.3-3.5 mm, while inside a tubular knit made by weaving a smooth surface of simultaneously inextensible and knitted in loops elastomeric threads, which form an elastic skeleton in the structure of knitwear, an ebonite crumb of 2.8-4.0 mm is additionally placed, and the volume ratio between rubber and ebonite crumb is 5: 1.