RU2248239C1 - Filter material (options) - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: filter materials.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to purification of liquids and gases to remove solids and can be used in a variety of industries utilizing filters in mainline and secondary production areas, in environmentally oriented waste water and emission gas treatment processes, in oil spill cases from tankers, oil pipelines, and oil storehouses, and also in need of collecting petroleum products from water surface. invention provides filter material composed of synthetic threads in the form of tubular hosiery constituted by two parts, one of which contains rubber crumb and the other polyurethane foam crumb at volume ratio 1:(1-4), respectively. According to claim 2, tubular hosiery consists of several interconnected alternating sections, in particular sections constituted by two parts, one of which contains rubber crumb and the other polyurethane foam crumb at volume ratio 1:(1-2), respectively, alternate with sections containing only polyurethane foam crumb.

EFFECT: improved quality of filtration, increased floatability on water surface to be purified, and increased purification area.

2 cl, 1 dwg, 1 tbl, 6 ex

Description

The invention relates to the purification of liquids and gases from solid particles and can be used in the chemical, petrochemical, metallurgical, automotive and other industries using filters in the main and auxiliary production, in environmental processes for the treatment of wastewater and flue gases, during oil spills from tankers , oil pipelines and oil storage facilities, as well as for collecting oil products from the surface of the water.

Known tool for cleaning the surface of the water from oil of petroleum products in the form of a plate based on a composition of rubber crumb and powdered polyethylene, the composition further comprises crushed fibrous cellulosic material in the following ratio of components, parts by weight: rubber crumb 100, polyethylene 15-25, crushed fibrous cellulosic material 10-30 (Russian Patent No. 2148025, C 02 F 1/25, BI No. 12, 2000).

The disadvantage of this tool is the complexity of manufacture, insufficient absorption, the high complexity when collecting the sorbent from the surface of the water, low buoyancy when collecting the sorbent, and also a low degree of purification when filtering liquids and gases.

Known filter material made of synthetic fibers in the form of a single-layer tubular knit stitch smoothness, in which highly elastic polyurethane spandex threads are used as synthetic threads with a tension in the loops of 1.5-4 N / mm (Russian Patent No. 1438825, B 01 D 39 / 08, BI No. 43, 1988).

However, such filter materials have a low quality of cleaning the water surface from oil products, as well as a low degree of purification when filtering liquids and gases.

Known filter material from synthetic threads in the form of a tubular knit, in which rubber crumb is 0.4-0.75 mm in size, and the knit is made of polymer threads, one of which is elastomeric, and the loops of the elastomeric thread form an elastic frame inside the filter material, and the pore size of the tubular knitwear is 1.2-1.5 times smaller than the size of the chips (Russian Patent No. 2198717, 01 D 39/08, D 04 1/14, BI No. 5, 2003).

The disadvantage of such filter materials is their low buoyancy on the surface of the water when collecting the sorbent, as well as an insufficient degree of purification when filtering a liquid or gas.

The closest filter material to the claimed object according to the totality of features and selected for the prototype is a filter material for cleaning gases and liquids in the form of a tubular knitwear from tensile and inextensible threads with 1 + 1 eraser weaving, which is equipped with looped rows of weave smooth from multi-shrinkable bicomponent threads with melting temperature not lower than 150 ° C, made alternating with the loops of the eraser, and it contains at least 20 rows of smooth surface (Russian Patent No. 2062635, 01 D 39/08, BI No. 18, 1996).

However, such filter materials have low buoyancy on the surface of the water when collecting the sorbent, and are also ineffective in filtering liquid or gas.

The objective of the invention is to provide a filter material with high filtering ability in the purification of liquids or gases, and also to have buoyancy when cleaning the surface of the water from oil products.

When using the proposed filter material, the following technical result is obtained: an increase in the quality of filtration during the purification of liquids and gases, as well as an increase in buoyancy on the surface of the water when it is purified from petroleum products and an increase in the area of purification.

The technical result according to claim 1 is achieved by the fact that the filter material of synthetic threads in the form of a tubular knitwear consists of two parts, one of which contains rubber crumb, and the other has polyurethane crumb, and the volume ratio between rubber and polyurethane crumb is 1: (1-4), as well as in paragraph 2, the filter material of synthetic yarns in the form of a tubular knit contains several interconnected sections of tubular knit, the sections consisting of two parts, in one of which rubber crumb is placed, and in the other polyurethane foam crumb with their volume ratio 1: (1-2), alternate with sections in which polyurethane foam crumb is placed.

The implementation of tubular knitwear in two parts allows you to separate the rubber and polyurethane foam chips and prevent contamination of the polyurethane foam chips with oil products.

Rubber crumb, placed in one of the parts of the tubular knitwear, allows efficient collection of oil products from the surface of the water due to its swelling.

Polyurethane foam crumb, placed in another part of the tubular knit, allows you to increase the buoyancy of the filter material on the surface of the water with maximum swelling of the rubber crumb.

A decrease in the ratio between rubber and polyurethane foam crumbs reduces the buoyancy of the filter material after the rubber crumb swells, it begins to sink, which reduces the degree of cleaning the surface of the water.

An increase in the ratio between rubber and polyurethane foam crumbs is ineffective, since rubber crumb swells only in the lower layer of the filter material, which reduces the degree of water surface cleaning.

The use of several interconnected sections of filter material allows you to increase the cleaning area of the water surface contaminated with oil products.

The use of tubular knitwear between sections of the filter material, in which only polyurethane foam crumb is placed, allows to increase the buoyancy of the filter material with full swelling of the rubber crumb in adjacent sections.

The increase in the ratio between rubber and polyurethane foam crumbs according to claim 2 reduces the degree of purification due to an increase in the degree of buoyancy of the filter material.

The decrease in the ratio between rubber and polyurethane foam crumbs according to claim 2 allows to increase the degree of cleaning the surface of the water by increasing the amount of rubber crumb.

Figure 1 shows the filter material according to claim 1, and figure 2 shows the filter material according to claim 2.

Figure 1 shows the filter material in the form of a tubular knit according to claim 1, consisting of two parts, in one of which rubber crumb 1 is placed, and in the other polyurethane foam crumb 2.

Figure 2 presents the filter material containing several interconnected sections 3 of tubular knitwear, consisting of two parts, one of which contains rubber crumb 1, and the other polyurethane foam crumb 2, alternating with sections 4 of tubular knit, in which placed polyurethane foam chips 5.

The filter material according to claim 1 is obtained on a circular knitting machine of 22 classes of synthetic yarns with a cooler depth of 0.8-1.5 mm and by tensioning the threads in front of the loop forming system 4.5-6.0 N. The finished fabric is sewn along the hinge posts on a flat seam sewing machine. Rubber crumb is poured into one of the formed parts of the fabric, and polyurethane foam crumb is added to the other part and the ends are sewn up at the ends of the filter material on a flat-seam sewing machine.

The filter material according to claim 2 is also obtained on a circular knitting machine and the finished fabric is divided into sections, one of which is divided into two parts. In one section, rubber crumb and polyurethane foam crumb are poured into separate parts, and only polyurethane foam crumb is poured into the other section and the ends are sewn up at the ends of the filter material.

The filter material was placed in a container with water with the presence of 24% of oil products in an area of 0.4-5.6 meters in length. To determine the degree of absorption of oil products on the water surface, filter materials made according to claim 1 and claim 2 were placed in a layer of liquid fraction for 12 hours, and then weighed. The regeneration of the filter material was carried out by passing it through grooved rollers with a force of 20 kg between them.

Example 1

The filtering process was carried out on 8.2% of the suspension with the presence of up to 28% of petroleum waste water from the repair shop of the engineering plant. The particle size varied from 45 to 200 microns with a pressure drop of 2.5 atm. The surface of the oil slick on the surface of the water was varied from 1 to 5 m ² . To determine the degree of absorption of petroleum products on the surface of the water, the filter material according to claim 1 was placed in a layer of the liquid fraction and held for 1 hour, and then weighed and determined% cleaning the surface of the water. The volume ratio between rubber and polyurethane foam crumbs is 1: 1.

Example 2

The filtering process according to example 1, in which the volume ratio between the rubber and polyurethane foam crumbs is 1: 4.

Example 3

The filtering process according to example 1, in which the volume ratio between rubber and polyurethane foam crumbs is 1: 2.

Example 4

The filtering process of example 1, in which the filter material contains several interconnected sections of tubular knitwear, and the sections consist of 2 parts, one of which contains rubber crumb, and the other polyurethane foam crumb, and the volumetric ratio in the filter material between rubber and polyurethane foam crumbs is 1: 1, and alternate with sections in which polyurethane foam chips are placed.

Example 5

The filtering process of example 4, in which the volume ratio in the filter material between the rubber and polyurethane foam crumbs is 1: 2.

Example 6

The filtering process according to example 4, in which the volume ratio in the filter material between the rubber and polyurethane foam crumbs is 1: 1.5.

For clarity, a table of tests of the filter material in comparison with the filter material of the prototype.

It can be seen from the table that the specific productivity grows by about 2-5 times, the degree of purification of the suspension and absorption of petroleum products increases, and the regeneration time also decreases. With an increase in the number of sections interconnected, the area for cleaning the surface of the water also increases.

Thus, the above information indicates the fulfillment of the following set of conditions when using the claimed invention:

means that embody the claimed invention in its implementation, can be used in chemical, petrochemical, engineering, automotive and other industries using filter materials in environmental processes of wastewater and industrial gases, as well as for collecting oil products from the surface of the water;

for the claimed invention, in the form described in the independent clause of the claims below, the possibility of its implementation using the means and methods described above or known prior to the priority date is confirmed;

means embodying the claimed invention in its implementation, as seen by the applicant of the technical result.

Therefore, the claimed invention meets the requirement of “industrial applicability” under applicable law.

Claims (2)

1. The filter material, consisting of synthetic threads in the form of tubular knitwear, characterized in that the tubular knitwear consists of two parts, one of which contains rubber crumb and the other foam crumb, and the volumetric ratio between rubber and polyurethane foam crumbs is 1: (1-4). 2. The filter material, consisting of synthetic threads in the form of tubular knitwear, characterized in that it contains several interconnected sections of tubular knitwear, and sections consisting of two parts, one of which contains rubber crumb, and the other has polyurethane foam crumb when their volume ratio is 1: (1-2), alternate with sections in which polyurethane foam chips are placed.

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