RU2328299C1 - Medicinal agent for prevetion of calves respiratory disease and method of aerosol-prevention with its application - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: medicine; veterinary science.

SUBSTANCE: medicinal agent is spirit tincture made on basis of mixed Scotch pine buds, purple Echinacea herb and blossom clusters, horseheal rhizomes and roots, taken in proportion 2:1:1 with 70% concentrated ethyl alcohol 70% at raw and extractant ratio 1:5. Spirit tincture is exposed within 7 days in dark place at temperature 18-20°C. Calves ate treated within three courses every 48 hours with medicinal agent as 3.5-5.0% aqueous solution taken 2.0-3.0 ml/m³ during 45-60 minutes.

EFFECT: provided immunocorrection of key immunity disorders and increased natural resistivity of calves.

2 cl, 4 tbl, 6 ex

Description

The invention relates to veterinary medicine, in particular to means used for the prevention of diseases of calves, and methods for their use, and can be used for aerosol prophylaxis of respiratory diseases. The most effective means based on increasing immune defense (natural resistance) and immunocorrection.

Known methods and means of increasing the natural resistance of the animal organism, stimulating colostral immunity, for example, the use of novocaine blockade / 1, 2 /, subcutaneous administration of drugs T- and B-activin / 3, 4 /, the use of gamma globulins, protein hydrolysates, citrated blood, autohemotherapy, allogeneic serum / 5, 6, 7, 8 /. For the prevention and treatment of respiratory diseases, antibiotics, sulfonamides and nitrofuran agents are used / 9, 10, 11 /. A common drawback of the known agents is the one-sidedness of their action, which requires their complex use, as well as low efficiency in mass outbreaks of respiratory diseases caused by the association of the viruses of infectious rhinotracheitis (IRT) and parainfluenza-3 (PG-3), which are accompanied by circulation among animals of other pathogens , in particular, diarrhea virus - diseases of the mucous membranes (VD-BS). So, for the treatment of animals with IRT or mixed infection with IRT-VD-BS, the use of immune therapy, symptomatic agents, immunomodulators, antibacterial drugs for the prevention of second infections or antimicrobial agents in combination with non-specific stimulating therapy, vitamin and cardiac agents is known. Of the agents possessing several of the pharmacological effects listed above, the most effective are preparations containing biologically active substances of plants, for example, phosprenyl (the active principle is sodium polyprepyl phosphate, a fat-soluble biologically active substance produced from needles), which, in addition to immunostimulating action, can disrupt the assembly of virions / 12 /, birch birch bark extract (active principle - betulin) with a pronounced antiviral effect, based on an increase in immunocompetent ti leukocytes / 13 /. The disadvantages of treatment using known agents include insufficient effectiveness due to the preservation of pathogens in the animal population, which leads to repeated epizootics when a sensitive livestock appears (a decrease in the level of group immunity after a disease, importation of non-immune animals, etc.). For the prevention of nonspecific bronchopneumonia of calves, it is known to use furadon aerosols (a preparation of the nitrofuran series) in combination with eleutherococcus root extract / 14 /. Eleutherococcus preparations are classified as adaptogenic, i.e. increasing the body's overall resistance to the effects of adverse environmental factors (hypothermia, overheating), but not providing correction of secondary immunodeficiencies. Known aqueous extract from the herbs of St. John's wort (Hypericum perforatum L.), thyme (Thymus serpyllum), peppermint (Mentha piperita L.) and coltsfoot (Tussilago farfara), taken in equal amounts / 15 /, the use of which on background of subcutaneous injections of immune serum increases natural resistance, but does not provide a break in the epizootic chain, which reduces the effectiveness of prevention.

The purpose of the invention is a comprehensive drug for the prevention of respiratory diseases of calves on a plant basis, aimed at eliminating (weakening) the causes of the disease, reducing pathogenetic changes and enhancing (mobilizing) the protective, compensatory and adaptive mechanisms of the body.

The goal is achieved by a comprehensive drug, which is a 70% alcohol tincture of a crushed plant mixture of common pine buds, grass and purple inflorescences, purple rhizomes and roots of elecampane taken in a ratio of 2: 1: 1. The ingredients used are widely used in herbal medicine.

The pine buds have a disinfectant, phytoncide, expectorant, vitamin properties, effectively prevent the spread of microbial and viral infections in the body.

The grass and inflorescences of Echinacea purpurea have immunomodulating activity, inhibit the activity of hyaluronidase, an enzyme that enhances the permeability of viruses and microbes, increase the antimicrobial activity of leukocytes, macrophages and blood neutrophils, and increase the synthesis of protective antibodies and endogenous interferon.

Rhizomes and roots of Elecampane high have anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, bactericidal, antifungal, hemostatic, expectorant properties.

All plants of the medicinal product have an antimicrobial effect, and the herb and inflorescences of Echinacea purpurea have a virus-neutralizing property, pine buds prevent the spread of viral infection in the body, which eliminates (attenuates) the causes of the disease, anti-inflammatory (elecampane high, Echinacea purpurea), expectorant (pine buds) , antispasmodic (elecampane high) action reduces pathogenetic changes, and immunomodulatory activity of Echinacea purpurea enhances the protective, compensatory posobitelnye mechanisms of the body.

The buds of Scots pine, grass and Echinacea purpurea inflorescences, rhizomes and roots of Elecampane high are crushed (in dry form) according to the State Pharmacopoeia and mixed in a ratio of 2: 1: 1. The raw material is placed in a glass vessel and moistened, pouring the extractor (70% alcohol) in a ratio of 1: 5. Discharge of the finished product is obtained after 7 days. The finished product is stored in a dark place at a temperature of 5-10 ° C. Shelf life - 2 years from the date of manufacture.

In accordance with the classification of toxicity of substances according to GOST 12.1.007-88, the agent can be rated as relatively safe, because when determining the parameters of acute toxicity in mice weighing 20.0 g, its 20% and 40% aqueous solutions showed LD ₅₀ more than 17.8 g / kg body weight, and with intrauterine administration - more than 3.0 g / kg body weight.

Example: 100 g of ordinary pine buds, 50 g of grass and Echinacea purpurea inflorescences and 50 g of rhizomes and roots of Elecampane high were crushed, mixed, placed in a glass vessel, filled with 1 liter of ethyl alcohol at 70% concentration and kept at a temperature of 18 ° C in a dark place within 7 days. The finished product was poured, the medicinal raw material was squeezed out and filtered.

A method for the prevention of respiratory diseases of calves with the use of a medicinal product, which is a 70% alcohol tincture of a crushed plant mixture of common pine buds, grass and purple inflorescences, purple rhizomes and roots of elecampane taken in a ratio of 2: 1: 1, obtained with a ratio of raw materials and extractor 1: 5 and a temperature of 18-20 ° C, as follows.

70% alcohol tincture from the buds of common pine, grass and inflorescences of purple coneflower and rhizomes and roots of elecampane high in the form of a 3.5-5.0% aqueous solution is sprayed at a rate of 2.0-3.0 ml / m ³ for 45- 60 minutes in three three-day courses with an interval between them of 48 hours. Aerosol stability is provided by adding 10% sterile glycerol or glucose in powder to the volume of the working solution. The treatment is carried out in a specially adapted sealed room with supply and exhaust ventilation using a supersonic aerosol nozzle (SAF) for spraying.

The effectiveness of the method for the prevention of respiratory diseases of calves of a polyetiological nature was determined in scientific and production experiments under conditions of a long-term adverse respiratory disease caused by exposure to the association of viruses, pathogenic and conditionally pathogenic microflora against the background of violation of the conditions of keeping and feeding of pregnant cows and calves. Virological and bacteriological studies confirmed the etiological role of PG-3, IRT, VD-BS - antibody titer ranged from 1: 4 to 1:32, pasteurell, salmonella, protea and Escherichia. Incidence - 40-70%, mortality - up to 20%.

Example 1. Preventive efficacy depending on the dose of the drug was determined in 4 groups of clinically healthy calves 30-45 days of age. The calves of the experimental groups were treated with a 3.5% aqueous solution of 70% alcohol tincture from the buds of Scots pine, grass and inflorescences of Echinacea purpurea and rhizomes and roots of Elecampane high, taken in a 2: 1: 1 ratio, three three-day courses with an interval between them of 48 hours within 60 minutes at the rate of 1.0, 2.0 and 3.0 ml / m ^3, respectively. The calves of the control group were treated with aerosol tinctures of coltsfoot at the rate of 3 ml / m ³ , as in the experimental groups. Clinical observations of experimental and control calves were carried out for one month. The results were taken into account according to the main clinical indicators (table 1).

Example 2. Prophylactic effectiveness depending on the concentration of the drug was determined on clinically healthy calves 30-45 days old, divided into 5 groups of 20 goals in each: 4 groups - experienced, 1 group - control. The calves of the experimental groups were treated with 70% alcohol tincture from the ordinary pine buds, herbs and inflorescences of Echinacea purpurea and rhizomes and roots of Elecampane high, taken in a 2: 1: 1 ratio, in three three-day courses with an interval between them of 48 hours for 60 minutes in the form an aqueous solution of 3.0, 3.5, 5.0 and 5.5% concentration at the rate of 2.0 ml / m ³ . The calves of the control group were treated with aerosol tinctures of coltsfoot at the rate of 3 ml / m ³ , as in the experimental groups. Preventive effectiveness was: experience - 80.0, 100.0, 100.0 and 94.5%, respectively, control - 70.0%. The results showed that the concentration of tincture less than the minimum did not provide an increase in the prophylactic effect relative to the control, and an increase in the concentration above the maximum was impractical, since it did not provide an increase in the prophylactic effect with respect to the optimal dose, but led to its decrease.

Example 3. The effect of the drug on the immunological status of calves was studied in 4 groups of calves 30-45 days of age. The calves of the experimental groups were treated as in example 1. Control — as in example 1. The parameters of the immunological status of the calves were studied according to modern tests generally accepted in biology. Blood was taken before the start (background) and 5-7 days after the end of the course of prevention. The results are presented in table 2. Background studies showed the presence of secondary immunodeficiency, characterized by a decrease in the relative and absolute content of T and B lymphocytes with a violation of their ratios, the functional activity of blood neutrophils, a decrease in the level of immunoglobulins G and M, bactericidal and lysozyme activity of blood serum. 20 days after the start of the course of prophylaxis in the 2nd and 3rd experimental groups, an increase in the indicators of cellular and humoral links of immunity was observed compared to the control. So, the relative content of T-lymphocytes increased by 45 and 44%, the absolute - by 50 and 55%, the relative content of B-lymphocytes - by 45 and 42%, the absolute - by 32 and 40%. A significant increase was noted in other indicators: the functional activity of blood neutrophils in the spontaneous test - by 90 and 89%, in the induced test - by 86 and 80%, the level of immunoglobulins G - by 42 and 40%, immunoglobulins M - by 50%, lysozyme activity blood serum - by 177 and 144%, bactericidal activity of blood serum - by 60 and 63%, respectively. The data presented confirmed that the drug provided immunocorrection of key impaired links of the immune system and increased natural resistance.

Example 4. The effect of the drug on the total bacterial contamination of air in livestock buildings was studied in 3 calves. The animals were treated with 70% alcohol tincture from the buds of ordinary pine, grass and inflorescences of Echinacea purpurea and rhizomes and roots of Elecampane, taken in a ratio of 2: 1: 1, three three-day courses with an interval between them of 48 hours for 60 minutes in the form of water a solution of 3.5, 4.5, 5.0% concentration at the rate of 2.0 ml / m ³ . The total airborne contamination was determined by deposition on Petri dishes with meat peptone agar. The results are presented in table 3.

Table 3 Total airborne contamination of livestock buildings before after treatment with tincture Indicators Livestock buildings Calf 1 Calf 2 Calf 3 concentration of tincture,% 3,5 4,5 5,0 Total bacterial contamination, thousand microbial cells in 1 m ^{3 of} air - before processing 101.6 ± 3.4 104.7 ± 3.2 102.6 ± 3.0 - after processing 48.4 ± 2.2 34.2 ± 2.9 32.9 ± 3.1

Example 5. The comparative effectiveness of the claimed and known methods for the prevention of respiratory diseases was studied in clinically healthy calves 30-35 days of age of three calves with 120 goals each. Schemes of preventive treatments in groups: the first group - inhalation of aerosols of 70% alcohol tincture from ordinary pine buds, herbs and inflorescences of Echinacea purpurea, rhizomes and roots of elecampane high, taken in a ratio of 2: 1: 1, in the form of a 3.5% aqueous solution of three three-day courses with an interval between them of 48 hours for 45 minutes at the rate of 3.0 ml / m ³ ; the second group - inhalation of aerosols of tincture of coltsfoot at the rate of 3 ml / m ³ three times with an interval of 2 days for 60 minutes; the third group - inhalation of aerosols of iodotriethylene glycol in combination with lactic acid in three three-day courses with an interval between them of 2 days at the rate of 1 ml / m ³ for 30 minutes. The results were taken into account according to the main clinical indicators (table 4).

The data obtained showed that 70% alcohol tincture of the crushed plant mixture of common pine buds, herbs and purple inflorescences of Echinacea, rhizomes and roots of Elecampane high, taken in a ratio of 2: 1: 1, has a high prophylactic effect against respiratory diseases of calves. The claimed tool activates the factors of natural resistance, without taking their level beyond physiological limits that do not cause any negative changes in the body, which is reflected in increased productivity and preservation, and this allows you to use it for a long time.

Sources of information taken into account:

1. Novocainic therapy in veterinary practice. Kirov, 1979.

2. Bashkirov B.A., Lebedev A.V. Increasing the resistance of animals by the method of pathogenetic therapy // Veterinary medicine. - 1989. - No. 9.

3. Temporary guidance on the use of T-activin: approved. GUV Gosagroprom of the USSR 01/04/1988.

4. Temporary guidance on the use of B-activin: approved. GUV Gosagroprom of the USSR 01/04/1988.

5. Kashkin V.G. Gamma globulin preparations prevent calf dyspepsia // Veterinary medicine. - 1970. - No. 3.

6. Chernukha V.K. The use of non-specific gamma globulin for dyspepsia in newborn calves // Prevention of non-communicable diseases of young farm animals. - M.: Kolos, 1968.

7. Movsun-Zade I.K. The use of protein hydrolysates in the treatment and prevention of non-communicable diseases of young animals. - M., 1968.

8. Kretkov V.P. Ecological immune preparations for veterinary medicine and medicine (general biological principles of construction). - Kurgan: publishing house of the Kurgan State Medical Institute, 1992.

9. Internal non-communicable diseases of animals. - M .: Kolos, 1964.

10. Podkopaev V.N. Determination of the dose of antibiotics for toxic dyspepsia of calves // Veterinary Medicine. - 1965. - No. 4.

11. Abramov S.S., Radomskaya T.A. The use of stimulant drugs for bronchopneumonia // Veterinary medicine. - 1988. - No. 2.

12. Grigoryeva EA The immunostimulating effect of the antiviral drug fosprenil is normal and in experimental influenza infection: Avtoref.dis .... candidate of science. - M., 2004.

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Claims (2)

1. A medicine for the prevention of respiratory diseases of calves, characterized in that it is an alcohol tincture of plant material obtained from a mixture of ordinary pine buds, grass and purple inflorescences, rhizomes and roots of elecampane high, taken in a ratio of 2: 1: 1, with a 70% solution of ethyl alcohol with a ratio of raw materials and extractor 1: 5, aged 7 days in a dark place at a temperature of 18-20 ° C. 2. A method for the prevention of respiratory diseases of calves, including treating animals in a room with aerosols of a drug, characterized in that the drug according to claim 1, which is sprayed in the form of a 3.5-5.0% aqueous solution, is used as a medicine 2.0-3.0 ml / m ³ for 45-60 minutes, three three-day courses with an interval between them of 48 hours