RU2323843C1 - Railway carriage sidebar - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: transportation.

SUBSTANCE: in sidebar the lower corner of spring opening is designed as a step junction of vertical column (3) of the frame into the bottom chord (2). The upper surface of (29) the junction is the continuation of the bonding jumper (30), infused into the clamp (21) of manufacturing holes (20) of the frame, and pass into the wedging spring limiters. The exterior surface of the wedging spring limiter duplicates the configuration of the bottom chord side-wall junction into the inclined chord side wall. The bottom chord side-wall junction into inclined chord side wall is made using inter-conjugated radiuses. Along the conjugated contour of the internal clamp guide with an inclined chord an 11-shaped bonding jumper (14), forming a hole in the inclined chord was made. Deflection (22) of the upper band of latitude and vertical lateral frame surfaces in the above-axle-box area indexes with the transversal supporting surface of the support boss of the inside clamp guide, and on the vertical frame side plates in the above-axle-box area support bosses are made and their exterior surfaces are disposed at an angle to the horizontal surface of the axlebox opening.

EFFECT: mechanical strength; endurance and performance characteristics of the sidebar are enhanced.

5 cl, 5 dwg

Description

The invention relates to railway transport and relates, in particular, to the construction of a side frame of a railway carriage.

The known design of the side frame of the trolley model 18-100 railway freight car [I.F. Pastukhov, V.V. Lukin, N.I. Zhukov. "Wagons", M .: Transport, 1988, p. 76], made in the form of a steel casting, in the middle of which there is a spring opening formed by an upper belt, a lower horizontal belt and two vertical columns, on which there are guides to limit lateral movement friction wedges. In the lower part of the spring opening, a supporting surface is made for placing the spring kit, on which the bonks for installation and the stops from the displacement of the springs are cast. Inclined belts, like vertical columns, have a trough-shaped cross section with some bend inside the ends of the shelves, and the lower and upper belts have a box-shaped cross section. Box ends with outer and inner jaw guides are located at the ends of the side frame. The internal jaw guides are associated with the middle elements of the inclined frame belts [USSR Author's Certificate No. 768683, B61F 5/52].

The disadvantage of this frame design is the cracks observed during operation in the interface between the vertical columns and the lower belt, the development of which can lead to the destruction of the frame. This is due to a decrease in the section of the lower belt from the transverse central plane of the frame to the transition zone to the inclined belts, thereby the loads perceived by the lower belt from the spring set are distributed unevenly along its length, in addition, a sharp transition of the side walls of the lower belt to the side walls of the inclined belts causes increased concentration of stresses in the indicated place, and the very shape of the lower zone in the form of a truncated rhombic prism only leads to an increase in the mass of the frame, without providing the necessary margin values in the specified belt. Another section of the side frame where cracks are observed during operation is the mating zone of the inclined belt and the horizontal supporting section of the axle box opening. The causes of increased stresses in the specified zone is the execution of the axle box opening of the frame having a large width necessary to accommodate the axle box of the trolley, as well as the coincidence of the refraction of the upper belt in the over-axle zone with a vertical plane passing through the conjugation zone of the inclined belt-axle opening.

Also known is the design of a lightweight side frame [US Patent No. 5410968 dated 05/02/1995] of an I-section. The frame consists of a lower horizontal belt, an upper belt with ends bent upward, having a sectional shape of a tee, interconnected by vertical columns, forming a spring opening. The lower belt is connected with inclined belts, which, together with the ends of the upper belt bent upwards, flow into the axle openings. The inner jaw guides of the latter are made in the form of L-shaped brackets, poured into the lower shelves of the inclined belts. On the outer and inner jaw guides of the axle box openings there are supporting tides restricting the movement of the axle box in the opening. In the transition zones of the lower belt to the inclined belts from the inside of the frame there are U-shaped stiffeners, which are simultaneously guides for the cart's triangels.

The I-beam cross-sectional shape of the frame has significant disadvantages that arise during operation. In particular, this cross-sectional shape does not provide the necessary rigidity of the frame in the area of the axle box openings when the trolley enters the curve, as the whole structure as a whole, poorly working in torsion. In addition, in the case of the provided fastening to the horizontal supporting surfaces of the axle box openings of elements preventing the wear of these surfaces using screw connections, the cross section in this section of the frame will be further weakened, since the fastening will be possible with at least two screws.

Along with this, the side frame of the ASF trolley is known ["Car and Locomotive Cyclopedia", Simmons-Boardman Publishing Corporation, N.Y., 1970]. All belts and supporting elements of the frame have a box section. On the lower belt there is a supporting surface for installing the spring kit. The side walls of the lower zone are associated with the side walls of the inclined zones. Technological holes are made in the interface zone of the lower elements of the inclined and lower belts, as well as stiffeners reinforcing this zone [US Patent No. 5718177 of 02.17.1998]. The vertical columns connecting the upper and lower zones are conjugated with them using radii. The upper belt has ends bent upwards, smoothly turning into boxen openings of the frame. Supporting tides are cast on the vertical walls of the over-box zone, further limiting the movement of the axle boxes of the trolley.

This design is selected as a prototype.

The use of a spring kit with a large number of springs required the design of the lower frame belt to be wider in the prototype design, in addition, a central stiffening rib and, as a result, an increase in the mass of the frame were made along the length of the lower belt in the lower belt. In addition, the ribs installed in the cavity of the frame in the mating zone of the lower belt with inclined belts give excessive rigidity to the frame in the specified zone, increasing its metal consumption. The implementation of the box-shaped belts and frame elements with longitudinal ribs in the inner cavity complicates the manufacturing technology, in addition, to facilitate manufacturing and weight reduction, a large number of holes in the frame belts are made, which are additional stress concentrators that arise during operation.

The task to which the claimed invention is directed is to create a design of a side frame of a railway carriage having increased reliability by redistributing stresses and reducing stress concentration in critical places of the frame observed during operation.

The problem is solved as follows.

The lower corner of the spring aperture of the side frame is made in the form of a stepwise transition of the vertical column of the frame to the lower horizontal belt, along with this the upper transition surface is a continuation of the bridge, poured into the flange of the technological holes of the frame, and goes into the limiters of the Wedge spring, the outer surface of which repeats the configuration of the transition of the side walls of the lower belt to the side wall of the inclined belt. The transition of the side wall of the lower belt to the side wall of the inclined belt is made using conjugated radii, and one of the mating radii of the transition has a center that coincides with the center of the bonnet of the wedge spring. In addition, a U-shaped jumper is formed along the contour of the jaw guide with an inclined belt, forming an opening in the inclined belt. The refraction of the upper horizontal belt and the vertical side surfaces of the frame in the over-box zone coincides with the transverse reference plane of the reference tide of the inner jaw guide. Supporting tides are made on the vertical side walls of the frame in the over-box zone, the outer surfaces of which are located at an angle to the horizontal supporting surface of the axle box opening.

The essence of the claimed invention lies in the fact that the side frame of the railway carriage is made in the form of a steel casting, consisting of upper and lower horizontal belts interconnected by vertical columns, forming together with horizontal belts a spring opening, in the lower part of the spring opening there is a supporting surface with bonks for installation and limiters against displacement of the springs, inclined belts, conjugated with the lower belt and horizontal supporting sections of axle openings having outside s and internal jaw guide. On the contour of the joint of the inner jaw guide with an inclined belt, a U-shaped jumper is made, forming a hole in the inclined belt. The lower corner of the spring opening is made in the form of a stepwise transition of the vertical column of the frame to the lower horizontal zone, along with this, the upper surface of the transition is a continuation of the bridge, poured into the flange of the technological holes of the frame and goes into the limiters of the wedge spring, the outer surface of which repeats the configuration made using paired between the radii of the transition of the side wall of the lower belt to the side wall of the inclined belt. One of the mating radii of the transition of the side wall of the lower belt to the side wall of the inclined belt has a center that coincides with the center of the bonnet of the wedge spring. The refraction of the upper horizontal belt and the vertical side surfaces of the frame in the over-box zone coincides with the transverse reference plane of the reference tide of the inner jaw guide. Supporting tides are made on the vertical side walls of the frame in the over-box zone, the outer surfaces of which are located at an angle to the horizontal supporting surface of the axle box opening.

The essence of the invention is illustrated by drawings, which depict:

figure 1 is a General view of the side frame of a railway truck with a cut along the longitudinal plane;

figure 2 is a top view of the side frame;

figure 3 is a bottom view of the side frame;

figure 4 is a section of the naduksovoy zone along the line aa of figure 1;

5 is a perspective view of a side frame with a section.

The side frame consists of upper 1 and lower 2 horizontal belts, interconnected by vertical columns 3, forming together with horizontal belts 1 and 2 a spring aperture 31. The lower belt 2 of the frame goes into its inclined belts 4, the middle elements 5 of which are paired with horizontal supporting sections 11 of the axle box openings 6. Each axle box 6 consists of an inner 7 and an outer 8 jaw guides with supporting flanges 9 and an over-box zone 10. The inner jaw guide 7 is interfaced with the middle element 5 of the inclined belt 4, having in its cross section, like vertical columns 3, a trough-like shape. A U-shaped jumper 14 is made along the contour of the jaw guide 7 with the inclined belt 4, forming a hole in the middle element 5 of the inclined belt 4. The lower 2 and upper 1 belts, as well as the over-slip zones 10, are box-shaped in cross section. The cross-section of the oversize zone 10 decreases in height and width towards the outer jaw guide 8. On the vertical side walls 12 of the frame of the oversize zone 10, support flanges 13 are made, the outer surfaces of which are located at an angle α to the horizontal supporting surface 32 of the axle box 6.

The side walls 15 of the upper belt 1, the side walls 16 of the lower belt 2, as well as the side walls 17 of the inclined belts 4 are parallel to the longitudinal plane of the frame. The side walls 18 of the vertical columns 3 together with the side walls 17 of the inclined zones and the side walls 15 of the upper horizontal belt 1 form two common vertical side surfaces 19 of the frame, in which the technological holes 20 are made, having an inner 21 and an outer 34 flange in its contour. The refraction lines 22 of the upper horizontal belt 1 and the side surfaces 19 of the frame in the over-box zone 10 coincide with the transverse reference plane 23 of the reference tide 9 of the inner jaw guide 7.

At the bottom of the spring opening 31 there is a supporting surface 24 for accommodating the spring set of the trolley, on which the castors 25 for installation and the stops 26 from the bias of the springs, including the legs 28 and the limiters 27 of the wedge springs, are cast.

The lower corner of the spring opening 31 is made in the form of a stepped transition 33 of the vertical column 3 of the frame into the lower horizontal belt 2. The upper surface 29 of the transition 33 is a continuation of the bridge 30 poured into the flange 21 of the technological holes 20 made in the side surfaces 19 of the frame. At the edges of the stepped transition 33, its upper surface 29 is poured into the limiters of the wedge spring 27. The outer surface of the limiter of the wedge spring 27 repeats the configuration of the transition of the lower wall 16 of the lower belt to the side wall 17 of the inclined belt, which are conjugated between the radii R1 and R1. Radius R1 has a center that coincides with the center of the bonnet 28 of the wedge spring.

The technical result from the use of the claimed invention lies in the fact that the design of the side frame of the railway carriage with improved strength, resource and operational characteristics is created by redistributing stresses and reducing the level of stress concentration in critical places of the frame observed during operation.

The refraction of the upper horizontal belt and the vertical side surfaces of the frame in the oversized zone in a place that coincides with the transverse reference plane of the reference tide of the inner jaw guide allowed us to redistribute the stresses that appear in the interface between the horizontal reference section of the axle box opening and the inclined belt, and, as a result, reduce stress concentration level and increase the fatigue strength of the frame in the specified zone.

The U-shaped jumper in the joint zone of the internal jaw guide with an inclined belt, forming a hole in the inclined belt, also allowed to redistribute and reduce the stresses arising in the interface zone of the horizontal supporting section of the axle box opening with the inclined belt, without significantly increasing the mass of the frame.

The execution of the outer surfaces of the supporting tides located on the vertical walls of the frame in the over-axle zone, at an angle to the horizontal supporting surface of the axle box increases the area of support of the side frame on the axle box of the trolley and additionally stabilizes the position of the wheelset in the axle box of the side frame.

The stepwise transition of the vertical column to the lower horizontal zone made it possible to redistribute existing stresses and reduce the level of stress concentration in the zone of the lower corner of the spring opening.

The implementation of the upper surface of the stepped transition by continuing the jumper poured into the flange of the technological holes, and the transition of this surface to the limiters of the wedge spring made it possible to additionally transfer the load perceived by the lower belt to the inclined belt.

The transition of the side wall of the lower belt to the side wall of the inclined belt in the form of radii conjugated to each other ensures a smooth connection of these load-bearing frame elements without the appearance of stress concentrators in the transition zone.

Repeating the outer surface of the lateral branch of the pinch spring limiter of the configuration of the radial transition of the side wall of the lower belt to the side wall of the inclined belt allows you to use the lateral branch of the pinch spring limiter as an additional stiffener in the radius transition zone.

The coincidence of the center of one of the radii of the transition of the side wall of the lower belt to the side wall of the inclined belt with the center of the bonnet of the wedge spring made it possible to evenly distribute the stresses arising in the transition zone from the action of the wedge springs at an equidistant distance from the center of the force.

Currently, the design documentation has been developed for this design of the side frame of the railway trolley, according to which prototypes undergoing comprehensive tests have been manufactured.

Claims (5)

1. The side frame of the railway carriage in the form of a steel casting, consisting of upper and lower horizontal belts connected by vertical columns, forming together with horizontal belts a spring aperture, in the lower part of which there is a supporting surface with bonks for installation and limiters against spring displacement, inclined belts associated with the lower belt and the horizontal supporting sections of the axle openings having external and internal jaw guides, characterized in that the lower the spring aperture is made in the form of a stepped transition of the vertical column of the frame to the lower horizontal zone, along with this, the upper transition surface is a continuation of the bridge, poured into the flange of the technological holes of the frame, and goes into the limiters of the Wedge spring, the outer surface of which repeats the configuration made using paired between the radii of the transition of the side wall of the lower belt to the side wall of the inclined belt. 2. The side frame of the railway carriage according to claim 1, characterized in that one of the mating radii of the transition of the side wall of the lower belt to the side wall of the inclined belt has a center that coincides with the center of the bonnet of the wedge spring. 3. The side frame of the railway trolley according to claim 1, characterized in that a U-shaped jumper is formed along the contour of the jaw guide with an inclined belt, forming an opening in the inclined belt. 4. The lateral frame of the railway carriage according to claim 1, characterized in that the refraction of the upper horizontal belt and the vertical side surfaces of the frame in the over-box zone coincides with the transverse reference plane of the reference tide of the inner jaw guide. 5. The lateral frame of the railway trolley according to claim 1, characterized in that the supporting tides are made on the vertical side walls of the frame in the over-box zone, the outer surfaces of which are located at an angle to the horizontal supporting surface of the axle box opening.

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