RU2284980C1 - Method for production of porous powder to small arms - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: production of powders.

SUBSTANCE: the method consists in mixing of cellulose nitrates, volatile solvent-plasticizer, stabilizer of chemical durability, formation of powder elements, elimination of the solvent by water extraction, treatment of the powder elements in an aqueous solution of acetone during 10 to 240 minutes at agitation with a subsequent extractive distillation of acetone from the powder elements, drying, sorting, surface treatment of elements. Treatment of the powder elements is accomplished in an aqueous solution of acetone with a concentration of 71 to 85 percent by volume with an addition of hide adhesive as a surface-active agent (0.1 to 1.0% of the powder mass).

EFFECT: produced a high-porous fast-burning powder for cartridges to small arms.

3 ex, 1 tbl

Description

The invention relates to the production of gunpowder and can be used for the manufacture of porous gunpowder for small arms.

There is a method for producing quick-burning porous gunpowder of various grades, including sports and hunting gunpowder of the Sunar class by hydropress technology based on the use of salt blowing agent (Gindich V.I. Pyroxylin gunpowder technology, Kazan, 1995, v.2, p. 287 , 318). The method includes mixing the components (cellulose nitrates (SC), an alcohol-ether solvent, a stabilizer of chemical resistance of diphenylamine (DFA), a salt blowing agent), compressing the plasticized powder mass and cutting the powder cord into elements, removing the solvent, drying, sorting, surface treatment. The method is characterized by low manufacturability of the powder mass, it is very laborious, as it is based on the use of a large amount (up to 200%) of the salt blowing agent removed during the manufacturing process. This powder performance characteristics do not meet the requirements for modern cartridges. In addition, the technology is environmentally unfavorable, since there are emissions of harmful wastewater containing large amounts of water-soluble salts, and the resulting powder does not withstand competition in the market for its price.

A known method of producing porous powder using porophores (France patent No. 7536432, class C 06 B 21/00, publ. 06/24/77). According to this method, NT-based porous hunting gunpowder is prepared by introducing porophore into the mass (isobutyric acid diazodinitrile (I), benzosulfohydrazine, organic di-tricarbonate, for example di-tert-butyl). Powder composition (kg): 2.5 SC (13.25% N), 0.66 alcohol, 1.512 ether, 0.029 (1.15%) of DFA and 2.5% KNO ₃ with the addition of 10% (I) gives a speed bullets 15 m from the muzzle of the muzzle 298 m / s at a chamber pressure of 580 bar. The composition without additives gives respectively 288.8 m / s at 573 bar. The method is also environmentally harmful, the porophores used are scarce and expensive components, and the resulting powder cannot satisfy the requirements for modern cartridges.

Closest to the proposed technical solution is a method for producing pyroxylin porous powder for cartridges for small arms according to patent RU 2165402 C2, 04/20/2001, IPC C 06 V 25/18 (prototype). According to the invention, in a method comprising the operations of mixing cellulose nitrates, a volatile plasticizer solvent, a chemical stability stabilizer, forming powder elements, removing the solvent with water extraction, drying, sorting, surface treatment of the elements, batch packaging, the porous structure is created due to the fact that the powder elements after solvent extraction, it is treated in an aqueous solution of acetone with a concentration of 30-70 vol.% for 10-240 minutes with stirring, followed by distillation of the acetone from the por ovyh elements.

The method allows to obtain porous gunpowder without the use of a salt blowing agent with an apparent density in the range of 1.15-1.52 kg / dm ³ for sporting and hunting rifle and pistol cartridges. However, the emergence of new types of cartridges for civilian purposes and the ever-increasing requirements for them in terms of ballistic characteristics are no longer provided for the gunpowder obtained by this method. It is necessary to manufacture powders with a more developed pore structure, i.e. with a high gas generation rate to ensure projectile flight speeds with minimal weight of the powder charge.

The objective of the proposed method for obtaining porous powder for small arms is to provide the required ballistic characteristics of cartridges for modern small arms by obtaining highly porous quick-burning gunpowder.

To achieve this technical result, in a method for producing porous gunpowder for small arms, including mixing cellulose nitrates, a volatile plasticizer solvent, a chemical stability stabilizer, molding powder elements, removing the solvent with water extraction, treating the powder elements in an aqueous solution of acetone for 10-240 minutes with stirring, followed by distillation of acetone from the powder elements, drying, sorting, surface treatment of elements, processing of powder elements pour in an aqueous solution of acetone with a concentration of 71-85 vol.% and with the addition of glue as a surface-active substance (surfactant), in an amount of 0.1-1.0% by weight of the powder.

An increase in the concentration of acetone in water leads to a decrease in the apparent density of the powder to 1.0 kg / dm ³ , while due to the introduction of a surfactant into the solution, there is no destruction or change in the shape of the powder elements. Gunpowder with such a density has a more developed pore structure and a high rate of gas formation. These factors allow the use of gunpowder in modern cartridges to obtain the required projectile velocity with a minimum mass of powder charge.

Examples of the method.

Example 1. 120 kg of fine-grained pyroxylin gunpowder with a density of 1.57 kg / dm ^{3 is} loaded into the reactor in an aqueous 71 vol.% Solution of acetone, to which 0.12 kg (0.1% by weight of the mass of the powder) of glue was added, the powder ratio to a solution of 1: 3. The powder is treated with stirring for 70 minutes, then the acetone is distilled off, and the powder is discharged from the reactor and sent for drying. After drying, the powder is subjected to surface treatment with graphite, sorting, bag.

Example 2. 120 kg of fine-grained pyroxylin gunpowder with a density of 1.57 kg / dm ^{3 is} loaded into the reactor in an aqueous 77 vol.% Solution of acetone, to which 0.6 kg (0.5% by weight of gunpowder) of glue powder is added, the ratio of gunpowder to a solution of 1: 3. The powder is treated with stirring for 60 minutes, then the acetone is distilled off, and the powder is discharged from the reactor and sent for drying. After drying, the powder is subjected to surface treatment with graphite, sorting, bag.

Example 3. 120 kg of fine-grained pyroxylin gunpowder with a density of 1.56 kg / dm ^{3 is} loaded into the reactor in an aqueous 85 vol.% Acetone solution, to which 1.2 kg (1.0% by weight of gunpowder) of glue is added, the ratio of gunpowder to a solution of 1: 3. The powder is treated with stirring for 30 minutes, then the acetone is distilled off, and the powder is discharged from the reactor and sent for drying. After drying, the powder is subjected to surface treatment with graphite, sorting, bag.

Some characteristics of the manufactured samples of gunpowder and the results of ballistic tests are given in the table. Tests of gunpowder were carried out in sports cartridges for a 12-gauge smooth-bore gun and pistol.

The analysis of the presented data shows that the manufactured powder has a higher porosity, it is possible to reduce the apparent density to 1.0 kg / dm ³ . The density range was 1.19-1.0 kg / dm ³ , according to the prototype 1.15-1.42 kg / dm ³ . This level of density can only be achieved when gunpowder is obtained using standard technology with the introduction of a large amount (200-220 wt.%) Of a salt blowing agent, for example, KNO _3, into the powder mass.

On the samples of gunpowder manufactured according to the proposed method, the required ballistic characteristics are achieved for modern sporting gun and pistol cartridges at low masses of the powder charge.

Table Characteristics of gunpowder samples The name of indicators Example 1 Example 2 Example 3 Example 4 Prototype Prototype The thickness of the burning arch, mm 0.25 0.36 0.37 0.25 0.34 The diameter of the grain channel, mm 0.08 0.11 0.11 0.09 0.12 The outer diameter of the grain, mm 0.58 0.58 0.85 0.59 0.80 Grain length mm 0.91 1.75 1,1 1,07 1,02 The apparent density of the powder, kg / DM ³ 1.19 1.15 1,0 1.42 1.15 Ballistic characteristics: Cartridge gauge 12 12 9 12 9 The mass of the powder charge, g 1,2 1.40 0.21 1.75 0.25 The mass of fractions or bullets, g twenty 24 6 35 6 The average initial velocity of the bullet, m / s 345 347 327 328 325 Speed spread, m / s 8 8 eleven 10 17 Average maximum 55 58.7 97 52 103 powder gas pressure Rm. Wed, MPa
(kgf / cm ² ) (562) (594) (985) (530) (1050)

Claims (1)

A method for producing porous gunpowder for small arms, including mixing cellulose nitrates, a volatile plasticizer solvent, a chemical stability stabilizer, molding powder elements, removing the solvent with water extraction, treating the powder elements in an aqueous solution of acetone for 10-240 minutes with stirring, followed by distillation of acetone from powder elements, drying, sorting, surface treatment of elements, characterized in that the processing of powder elements is carried out in an aqueous solution of acetone concentration of 71-85 vol.% with the addition of hide glue as a surfactant in an amount of 0.1-1.0% by weight of the powder.