RU2279777C1 - Device for disintegrating solid manure and forming rows - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: device comprises hopper that receives horizontal transporter as well as grinding drum and drum-accelerator mounted in series above the transporter from the side of the outlet and provided with gearing members. The gearing members are made of blades and mounted parallel to the axis of rotation of the drum. The crushing chamber is pivotally connected with the hopper, and its sides and front wall are provided with pins. The crushing chamber is provided with the member for forming row.

EFFECT: improved quality of disintegrating.

7 cl, 7 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agricultural machinery, and in particular to devices for grinding solid organic products to a particle size of 10-30 mm, for example manure and litter, during the preparation of compost, substrate, in the process of forming ridges in the production of vermicompost, as well as crushing root crops in technological lines feed shops.

A number of devices are known for spreading organic and organomineral fertilizers on the field surface, each of which contains a body located on the frame, a conveyor serving to supply fertilizer to the spreading drums.

For example, the known machine ROU-6M for transporting and spreading manure, peat, composts, containing a frame on running wheels, a body on a frame, a chain-slat conveyor, a spreading device and a transmission mechanism with a gearbox. The spreading device consists of screw drums - chopping and spreading. The conveyor is equipped with a crank and ratchet mechanisms. Fertilizer is conveyed from the body to the spreading device, which crushes it and scatters it on the field surface (see: Mechanization and Electrification of Agricultural Production. Edited by V.M. Bautin. - M., Kolos. - 2000. - C. 117-118).

However, this device is not intended for forming ridges. In addition, the constructive implementation of the grinding elements of the screw drum in the form of a spiral does not provide uniformity and the required degree of grinding of solid organic fertilizers necessary for the preparation of composts.

Also known is a unified trailed spreader RPTU-2.0, containing a frame, a conveyor, scattering drums. The teeth of the drums have the shape of blades mounted at an angle to the plane of rotation, and the drums themselves have the shape of a cylinder on which the teeth are located along the helical line with the right and left directions. Due to the placement of the teeth along the helix, the impact force of each tooth occurs alternately and is easily balanced by the inertial force of the rotating masses. The angle of inclination of the tooth relative to the axis of rotation of the drum is 45 ° (see: Pavlovsky IV Fundamentals of designing machines for fertilizing the soil. - M., "Engineering". - 1965. - P.24, 44-50).

This device also does not provide the formation of ridges and the necessary uniformity and degree of grinding of solid organic fertilizers.

A device for grinding solid organic fertilizers (feeder-chopper) is known, consisting of a feed conveyor, a feed drum, an accelerator drum and a crushing chamber located in the hopper with pins installed on its front wall. The crushing chamber is equipped with a sloping board and an unloading hole with a magnetic catcher of small metal impurities. The shape of the front wall of the crushing chamber is determined by the flight path of the organic waste particles (see RF patent No. 2181709, IPC C 05 F 3/06).

This device is intended for use in continuous production lines for the production of substrate. In this regard, this device does not provide the formation of ridges during compost preparation, as well as the required uniformity and degree of grinding of solid organic fertilizers.

A device for grinding solid organic fertilizers is known, used in a line for preparing a substrate (RF Patent No. 2130243, IPC A 01 C 3/02, C 05 F 3/06), containing a hopper in which a chain-slat feed conveyor, a feed drum are located , drum accelerator and crushing chamber with pins. The crushing chamber is equipped with an unloading window, a pitched board. The feed drum is located above the feed conveyor and is designed for pre-grinding solid organic waste, capture portions and feed them to the drum-accelerator. The accelerator drum is located above the feed drum and is designed to direct portions of waste into the crushing chamber and increase their kinetic energy. Pins are installed in the crushing chamber on the front and side walls, which contribute to the destruction of the feed mass of solid organic fertilizers. The front wall of the crushing chamber is made rounded, which is due to the flight path of the portion of the waste. The pins are fixed at an angle of 30-90 ° to the tangent.

In this technical solution, all the disadvantages described above are repeated.

Closest to the claimed invention is a device for grinding solid organic fertilizers, comprising a hopper, in which a horizontal feed conveyor is located, over which a feed drum and an accelerator drum are installed in series from the output side, equipped with gear elements made in the form of vanes and pivotally connected to hopper crushing chamber having sidewalls and a front wall provided with pins. The blades of the feed drum and the accelerator drum are fixed parallel to the axis of rotation of the drum. The rear wall of the hopper is arranged to move in the direction of movement of the conveyor, which is ensured by the presence of a roller mechanism with guides located on the side walls of the hopper, while the roller mechanism is mounted on the upper end of the rear wall, pivotally connected to the conveyor. The pins of the crushing chamber are diamond-shaped, the cutting angle of which is selected in the range of 30-45 °. The feed conveyor is equipped with a ratchet mechanism to ensure the return of the conveyor and the rear wall of the hopper to its original position (Utility Model Patent of the Russian Federation No. 34845, IPC A 01 C 3/02).

However, this device does not provide the required degree of grinding of solid organic fertilizers with the simultaneous formation of ridges from them, which are necessary, for example, in the production of composts and vermicomposts (biohumus).

The objective of the invention is to increase the degree of grinding with the simultaneous distribution of the crushed product along the length and width of the ridge during its formation.

This object is achieved in that in a device for grinding solid organic fertilizers containing a hopper, in which a horizontal feed conveyor is located, over which a grinding drum and an accelerator drum are provided sequentially equipped with gear elements, while the gear elements of the accelerator drum are made in the form of blades and mounted parallel to the axis of rotation of the drum, a crushing chamber pivotally connected to the hopper, having sidewalls and a front wall on which The pins were installed, according to the proposed solution, the crushing chamber is equipped with a ridge former, the gear elements of the grinding drum and the accelerator drum are located along a helical line, while the gear elements of the grinding drum are made in the form of triangular prisms, and the front wall of the grinding chamber is made of separate articulated parts with the ability to change the radius of curvature of the front wall.

The ridge former consists of two plates pivotally connected to the sides of the crushing chamber, while the front edge of the plate is bent outward at an angle of 40-45 °.

The ridger is equipped with clamps for the position of the plates.

The cutting angle of the gear element of the grinding drum is selected in the range of 60-90 °.

The articulated parts of the front wall of the crushing chamber are fixed in its sidewalls, with each part of the front wall provided with threaded pins, and the sidewalls with grooves for accommodating the pins in them.

A locking element is introduced into the device for stable fastening of the rear wall of the hopper to the conveyor in a vertical position, made in the form of chains.

The pins of the crushing chamber have a diamond-shaped cross-section, the cutting angle of which is selected in the range of 30-45 °.

The proposed device is illustrated by drawings, where figure 1 shows a schematic representation of the inventive device, side view; figure 2 presents a schematic representation of the inventive device, a top view; figure 3 - grinding drum; figure 4 - drum accelerator; figure 5 is a diagram of the gear element of the grinding drum, top view; figure 6 is a cross section of a pin crushing chamber; in Fig.7 shows the shaper ridges, section aa of Fig.1.

The positions in the drawings indicate: 1 - frame, 2 - running gear, 3 - hopper, 4 - chain-slat feed conveyor, 5 - grinding drum, 6 - accelerator drum, 7 - gear elements in the form of triangular prisms, 8 - gear elements in the form of blades, 9 - crushing chamber, 10 - rear wall, 11 - hinged mount, 12 - guides, 13 - roller mechanism, 14 - locking elements, 15 - hinged joint of the crushing chamber, 16 - additional mount, 17 - sidewalls, 18 - front wall, 19 - plates, 20 - articulated joints of the plates of the front wall, 21 - pins , 22 - pins, 23 - ridger (plate), 24 - articulated joints of the ridger with the sides of the crushing chamber, 25 - guide bushings, 26 - retainers.

The device consists of a chassis 2 located on the frame 1 of the hopper 3, inside of which there is a chain-slatted feed conveyor 4, equipped with a ratchet mechanism, a grinding drum 5 and an accelerator drum 6. The drums are equipped with gear elements located along a helical line. In this case, the gear elements 7 of the grinding drum 5 are made in the form of triangular prisms, the cutting angle of which is selected in the range of 60-90 °. The gear elements 8 of the accelerator drum 6 are made in the form of blades that are mounted on the drum parallel to its axis of rotation. The location of the accelerator drum 6 above the grinding drum 5 and above the conveyor 4 provides the supply of solid organic fertilizers from the hopper 3 to the crushing chamber 9. The rear wall 10 of the hopper 3 is made movable in the direction of conveyor movement due to its hinge attachment 11 to the traction mechanism of the conveyor 4 in it the lower end part and the presence of the guides 12 mounted on the side walls of the hopper 3 and provided with a roller mechanism 13 mounted on the upper end part of the rear wall 10. In order to ensure stable the vertical position of the rear wall 10 of the hopper 3 during the movement of the conveyor 4 is provided with fixing elements 14, for example in the form of chains whose ends are fixed to the conveyor and the rear wall respectively. The hopper has a swivel connection 15 with the crushing chamber 9 and an additional fastening 16 of the sidewalls 17 of the crushing chamber 9 to the hopper 3 to ensure reliable operation of the device. The front wall 18 of the crushing chamber 9 is made of separate parts in the form of plates 19 connected to each other by hinges 20. Each plate 19 is provided on the opposite sides with pins 21, and the sides 17 of the crushing chamber 9 are provided with grooves for receiving the pins in it. Depending on the humidity of organic fertilizers, the pins are made with the possibility of movement in the grooves and fixation in the desired position. The design of the front wall 18 of the crushing chamber 9 allows you to change the geometric shape of the chamber under the flight path of the particles of organic fertilizers, depending on their humidity. The pins 22 are mounted on the front wall 18 of the crushing chamber to ensure the destruction of the feed mass from the hopper 3. The pins 22 are made of a diamond-shaped cross-section, the cutting angle of which is selected in the range of 30-45 °. In order to improve the formation of the ridge and to ensure the required geometry of the ridge to be formed, on the lower part of the sidewalls 17 of the crushing chamber 9, the forming machines of the ridges 23 are pivotally fixed in the form of plates, the front end of which is bent at an angle of 40-45 ° to prevent them from catching on the ridge material. In the working position, the plates 23 are fixed using the guide bushings 25 and the latches 26.

The device operates as follows.

In the transport position, to prevent deformation, the forming machines of the ridges 23 are lifted and fixed on the side surface of the crushing chamber 9 with the help of latches 26. The back wall 10 of the hopper 3 is set to the extreme left position due to the ratchet mechanism. Then, solid organic fertilizers are loaded with a loader into the hopper 3 and transported to the compost site. Shapers of ridges 23 are lowered to the working position and secured with latches 26. From the tractor power take-off shaft, rotation is transmitted to the working bodies of the device, while simultaneously ensuring its movement. The conveyor 4 and the rear wall 10 feed the material to the grinding drum 5, which provides preliminary grinding and feeding of the material to the accelerator drum 6, which grabs it with blades 8 and feeds it into the crushing chamber at the pins 22, where the final grinding of solid organic fertilizers takes place . The crushed material falls on the surface of the platform between the plates 26, providing the formation of ridges of a given shape. When the roller 13 approaches the hinge 15 of the crushing chamber, the power take-off shaft is turned off and, using the ratchet mechanism, the conveyor 4 and the rear wall 10 are returned to their original position and the process is repeated.

Due to different weather conditions during the compost production period, solid organic fertilizers have different humidity. With low humidity of the components, the front wall 18 of the crushing chamber 9 is installed with hinges 20 and plates 19 with a smaller radius of curvature, and with increasing humidity, the radius of curvature is increased.

The inventive device provides in one technological cycle the grinding of solid organic fertilizers, their distribution on the surface and the formation of ridges of a given geometry. A device with the claimed combination of structural elements ensures the uniformity and the necessary degree of grinding of the components, the uniformity of their distribution along the width and length of the ridge during compost production, which ensures high quality of the compost being prepared. In addition, the presence of a bed former in the claimed solution allows one to free a separate mechanism from the widely used composting technologies for forming boundary ridges of the bed, and to mechanize the bed forming process in the production of biohumus.

Claims (7)

1. A device for grinding solid organic fertilizers, containing a hopper in which there is a horizontal feed conveyor, over which a chopping drum and an accelerator drum are provided sequentially, equipped with gear elements, while the gear elements of the accelerator drum are made in the form of blades and fixed parallel to the axis of rotation of the drum, the crushing chamber, pivotally connected to the hopper, having sidewalls and a front wall on which pins are installed, characterized in that the saw chamber is equipped with a ridge former, the gear elements of the chopping drum and the accelerator drum are located along a helical line, while the gear elements of the chopping drum are made in the form of triangular prisms, and the front wall of the crushing chamber is made of separate articulated parts with the possibility of changing the radius of curvature of the front the walls. 2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the ridge former is two plates pivotally connected to the sides of the crushing chamber, while the front edge of the plate is bent outward at an angle of 40-45 °. 3. The device according to claim 2, characterized in that the ridge former is equipped with clamps for positioning the plates. 4. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the cutting angle of the gear element of the grinding drum is selected in the range of 60-90 °. 5. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the pivotally connected parts of the front wall of the crushing chamber are fixed in its sidewalls, with each part of the front wall provided with threaded pins, and the sidewalls with grooves for receiving the pins in them. 6. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that a fixing element is inserted into it for stable fastening of the rear wall of the hopper on the conveyor in a vertical position, made in the form of chains. 7. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the pins of the crushing chamber have a diamond-shaped cross section, the cutting angle of which is selected in the range of 30-45 °.

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