RU2566444C1 - Combined fertiliser distributor - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to agricultural machinery industry, in particular to devices for internal application of crushed organic and dissolved mineral fertilisers in the root layer of soil. The combined fertiliser distributor comprises a hopper, which comprises a feeding horizontal conveyor, behind which at the output side a grinding drum is mounted, equipped with toothed elements arranged along the helical lines. The toothed elements are made segment-like, the front cutting edge of which is made along the Archimedean spiral with an angle of blade sharpening of 15-20°. Under the grinding drum there is a height adjustable concave with segment-like toothed elements set in a staggered manner, the front cutting edge of which is made parabolic with an angle of blade sharpening of 15-20°. Behind the grinding drum using leashes, pivotally attached to the frame of the hopper at a distance equal to half the diameter of the drum, a needle drum is mounted, controlled by the hydraulic cylinder and deepened by the compression spring. Behind the needle drum on the bracket-extender a water-conducting collector is attached, with the sprayers of directional action. For supplying the liquid to the collector there are water-conducting hoses connected hydraulically to the tanks filled with a solution of mineral fertilisers or water. On the water-conducting hoses the control valves are provided. The drive of the grinding drum is made from a tractor PTO shaft through a gearbox.

EFFECT: with this implementation the quality of grinding is improved, uniform distribution of organic and mineral fertilisers in the root layer of the soil, which increases soil fertility and crop productivity.

2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agricultural machinery, in particular to methods and devices for intra-soil application of ground organic and mineral fertilizers in the root layer of the soil.

A device for applying solid organic fertilizers, including a drive mechanism, a thrower and a feed screw installed in front of the thrower with right and left turns, while in the thrower housing there are two exhaust windows in the direction of rotation of the thrower centrifugal disc at an angle of 15 ° to the horizontal plane: one at the top and the other at the bottom, and in each of them a valve is mounted, installed with the possibility of blocking one window when opening the other, and the feeding auger is enclosed in a casing open 195 ° in front, about locking auger on the thrower side and rigidly connected to the thrower cover, while the screw cover has a window for feeding fertilizer into the thrower and brackets mounted on it, on the thrower side, with height-adjustable support skis, and a centrifugal disk thrower and feed screw drive carried out separately from the adjustable hydraulic motors, while the winding of the feed screw is symmetrical from the ends to the center with a gap in the center equal to the width of the window for feeding fertilizer into the thrower, and the feed screw trehzahodnym configured tape, with the coil pitch equal to its diameter (RU, patent 2312483S1 IPC A01S 3/06).

The disadvantages of this device include the complexity of the design, the lack of prior preliminary introduction of grinding, as well as the lack of the possibility of mixing fertilizers with soil.

A known machine for applying organic fertilizers, including a body with a conveyor, a chopping shaft and an auger-expander with multi-start winding of variable diameter, the multi-start screw winding with a variable diameter has a decrease in diameter to the middle of the shaft, and the grinding shaft is equipped with blades curved in a parabolic curve, forming multi-start winding (RU, patent for invention 2306688 C1, IPC A01C 3/00, A01C 3/06).

The disadvantages of this machine include the low quality of grinding organic fertilizers, the lack of the ability to mix fertilizers with soil for accessibility of the root system of plants.

The closest technical solution is a device for grinding solid organic fertilizers, containing a hopper, in which there is a falling horizontal conveyor, under which from the output side the grinding drum and accelerator drum are sequentially equipped with gear elements, while the gear elements of the accelerator drum are made in the form blades and are fixed parallel to the axis of rotation of the drum, the crushing chamber, pivotally connected to the hopper, having sidewalls and a front wall on which the pins are installed, while the crushing chamber is equipped with a shaper, the gear elements of the grinding drum and the accelerator drum are located along a helical line, while the gear elements of the grinding drum are made in the form of triangular prisms, and the front wall of the grinding chamber is made of separate articulated parts with the possibility of changing the radius of curvature of the front wall, and the bed former is two plates pivotally connected to the sides of the crushing chamber, m, the front edge of the plate is bent at an angle of 40-45 °, the bed former is equipped with clamps for the position of the plates, the cutting angle of the gear element of the grinding drum is selected in the range of 60-90 °, the articulated parts of the front wall of the crushing chamber are fixed in its sides, each part of the front the walls are equipped with threaded pins, and the side ones with grooves for accommodating the pins in them, while a fixing element is inserted into it for stable fastening of the rear wall of the hopper on the conveyor in a vertical position, made in the form e chains, and the pins of the crushing chamber have a diamond-shaped cross-section, the cutting angle of which is selected in the range of 30-45 ° (RU, patent for invention 2279777 C1, IPC A01C 3/00, A01C 3/06).

The disadvantages of this device include the complexity of the design, insufficient grinding of fertilizers, the inability to mix fertilizers with the soil and the possibility of simultaneous application of organic and mineral fertilizers.

This device is accepted by us as the closest analogue.

The problem to be solved by the claimed invention is aimed at improving the quality of grinding, uniform distribution of the crushed mass over the surface of the soil while mixing organic fertilizers with the soil to ensure the availability of the root system of plants, wetting organic fertilizers with a solution of mineral fertilizers.

The technical result is a uniform distribution of organic and mineral fertilizers in the root layer of the soil, increasing its fertility and crop yields.

The specified technical result is achieved in that the combined fertilizer containing a hopper in which there is a horizontal feed conveyor, under which a chopping drum is installed on the output side, equipped with gear elements located along helical lines, according to the invention, the gear elements of the chopping drum are segmented, the front cutting edge which is made in an Archimedean spiral with a blade sharpening angle of 15-20 °, an adjustable height is installed under the grinding drum a concave with staggered tooth elements installed in a checkerboard pattern, the front cutting edge of which is made parabolic with a blade sharpening angle of 15-20 ° behind the grinding drum using leashes pivotally mounted on the hopper frame at a distance equal to half the diameter of the drum, a needle drum controlled a hydraulic cylinder and buried by a compression spring, a water manifold with directional sprayers is fixed to the needle drum on the extension arm, for supplying dkosti water provided to the collector hoses are connected hydraulically with the tank filled with a solution of fertilizer or water, and water hoses provided control valves, the milling drum drive is made by the tractor PTO through a gearbox.

The analysis of the prior art by the applicant, including a search by patent and scientific and technical sources of information and the identification of sources containing information about analogues of the claimed invention, allowed to establish that the applicant did not find an analogue characterized by all the features of the claimed invention. Therefore, the claimed invention meets the criterion of "novelty" under the current law.

The invention is illustrated by drawings.

In FIG. 1 shows a combination fertilizer side view (left tank removed).

In FIG. 2 - the same, top view.

Combined fertilizer contains a hopper 1, mounted with a frame on the wheel 2. In the hopper 1 is a horizontal feed conveyor 3, tanks 4 for dissolved mineral fertilizers or water are fixed to the side walls of the hopper 1. At the rear side of the hopper 1, a chopping drum 5 is mounted, having a chain drive 6 from the gear 7. Under the chopping drum 5, a height-adjustable concave 8 is mounted, which allows changing the clearance between the drum 5 and the concave 8. Behind the chopping drum 5 at a distance equal to half its diameter , a needle drum 9 is mounted, fixed to the concave 8 by a compression spring 10. The needle drum 9 is pivotally mounted to the frame of the hopper 1 with leashes 11. A water collector 13 is mounted behind the grinding drum 5 on the extension arm 12, hydraulically connected to the tanks 4 for dissolved mineral fertilizers or water with water hoses 14, sprayers 15 are mounted on the water manifold 13 directional action.

The drive of the chopping drum 5 is made from the tractor’s power take-off shaft through the transmission shaft 16. A trailed device 17 is provided for aggregating the combined fertilizer 17. The needle drum 9 is controlled by a double-acting hydraulic cylinder 18. Tanks 4 have filler neck 19. The gear elements 20 of the grinding drum are made segment-shaped, the front cutting edge of which is made in an Archimedean spiral with a sharpening angle of 15-20 °. Toothed tooth elements 21 are made segment-shaped, the front cutting edge of which is made parabolic with a sharpening angle of 15-20 °. On the water hoses 14 are provided control valves 22.

The combined working body operates as follows.

Before starting work, the hopper 1 is filled with fertilizers, and the tank 4 - with a solution of mineral fertilizers or water. When the combined fertilizer is moving across the field, the horizontal feed conveyor 3 moves the fertilizers from the hopper to the chopping drum 5, which, when interacting with the concave 8, mills the organic fertilizers into particles of 5 ... 10 mm in size and directs them to the needle drum 9, which mixes the crushed organic fertilizers with soil.

A solution of mineral fertilizers or water supplied by sprayers 15 wet the organic fertilizers, as a result of which the fertilizers envelop the soil particles, which leads to the formation of a nutrient medium for agricultural plants. As a result of this interaction, crop yields are significantly increased.

Claims (1)

A combined fertilizer containing a hopper in which a horizontal feed conveyor is located, behind which a grinding drum is installed, equipped with gear elements located along helical lines, characterized in that the gear elements are segmented, the front cutting edge of which is made in an Archimedean spiral with an angle blade sharpening 15-20 °, a concave height-adjustable concave with segment-shaped gear elements mounted in chess is installed under the grinding drum in order, the front cutting edge of which is made parabolic with a blade sharpening angle of 15-20 °, behind the chopping drum using leads that are pivotally mounted on the frame of the hopper, at a distance equal to half the diameter of the drum, a needle drum is installed, controlled by a hydraulic cylinder and buried by a compression spring, a water manifold with directional sprayers is fixed to the needle drum on the extension arm, water hoses connected by hydraulic valves are provided for supplying fluid to the collector In particular, with containers filled with a solution of mineral fertilizers or water, and on the water hoses, control valves are provided, the chopping drum is driven from the power take-off shaft through a gearbox.

Images