RU2654107C1 - Machine for milling and solid organic fertilizers application - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture; machine building.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to agricultural engineering, in particular to methods and devices for internal application of ground organic and dissolved mineral fertilizers into the root layer of soil. Machine contains a hopper 1, in which a feeding horizontal conveyor 2 is located. Pulverizing drum 3 is installed above the conveyor on the output side, provided with gear elements arranged along the screw lines. Grinding drum 3 is made of a three-tiered drum with a distance between the tiers, which allows free rotation in the horizontal plane. Toothed elements that perform the role of grinding knives are made in the form of plates fixed on the turns of the grinding drum, made in the form of a single-flighted screw with right and left screws. Grinding screws have a drive from the tractor PTO, and on two of them a coupling with the possibility of disconnection is installed. Grinding knives are fixed on screw turns with the help of bolted connections with an interval of 40…45°, with a distance in the horizontal plane of 5 cm. Before the grinding screws, curtain 5 is installed to prevent the loss of solid organic fertilizers, driven by hydraulic cylinder 6. Limiting flap 7 is installed behind the grinding augers, driven by hydraulic cylinder 8. Under the grinding augers centrifugal spreaders 9 are installed whose blades are made along a parabolic curve.

EFFECT: equal distribution of organic fertilizers along the soil surface, an increase in its fertility and crop yields.

1 cl, 4 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agricultural machinery, in particular to methods and devices for applying powdered organic and mineral fertilizers.

A device for introducing solid organic fertilizers is known, including a drive mechanism, a thrower and a feed screw with right and left turns installed in front of the thrower, while in the thrower housing two exhaust windows are made in the direction of rotation of the thrower centrifugal disc at an angle of 15 ° to the horizontal plane: one in the top and the other in the lower part, and in each of them a valve is mounted, installed with the possibility of blocking one window when opening the other, and the feeding screw is enclosed in a casing open at the front by 195 °, oh a screwing auger on the thrower side and rigidly connected to the thrower cover, while the screw cover has a window for supplying fertilizer to the thrower and brackets mounted on it from the thrower side with support skis installed with height adjustment, and the centrifugal disk thrower and feed screw are separately driven from adjustable hydraulic motors, while the winding of the feed screw is symmetrical from the ends to the center with a gap in the center equal to the width of the window for feeding fertilizer into the thrower, and the feed screw in made with a three-way tape with a pitch of a turn equal to its diameter (RU, patent for invention 2312483 C1, IPC А01С 3/06).

The disadvantages of this device include the complexity of the design, the lack of prior preliminary introduction of grinding, as well as the inability to mix fertilizers with the soil.

A known machine for applying organic fertilizers, including a body with a conveyor, a chopping shaft and an auger-expander with multi-start winding of variable diameter, the multi-start screw winding with a variable diameter has a decrease in diameter to the middle of the shaft, and the grinding shaft is equipped with blades curved in a parabolic curve, forming multi-start winding (RU, patent for invention 2306688 C1, IPC А01С 3/00, А01С 3/06).

The disadvantages of this machine include the low quality of grinding organic fertilizers, the lack of the ability to mix fertilizers with soil for accessibility of the root system of plants.

The closest technical solution is an aggregate for grinding and applying organic fertilizers to the soil, containing a hopper in which a horizontal feed conveyor is located, under which a chopping drum is installed on the output side, equipped with gear elements located along helical lines, while the gear elements of the chopping drum made diamond-shaped, the front cutting edge of which is made parabolic with an angle of sharpening of the blade 20-25 °, a concave is installed under the grinding drum stitch with rhomboid gear elements installed in a checkerboard pattern, the concave angle of the concave blades is 20-25 °, the direction of the helical lines of the chopping drum is determined by the step t = Ma, where M is the number of chopping drum slats on which the gear elements are mounted, and the distance between the tracks movement of the gear elements of the chopping drum, the hopper is mounted on a frame supported by a wheeled drive, and a harrow-hoe is installed on the hinged bracket with leashes in the lower rear of the frame, for the control of which Rena cylinders with compression springs (RU, patent 2564870 C1, IPC 3/00 A01S, A01S 3/06).

The disadvantages of this device include the complexity of the design, insufficient quality of grinding fertilizers, uneven spread of crushed fertilizers on the surface of the soil, insufficient mixing of fertilizers with the soil.

This device is accepted by the authors as the closest analogue.

The problem to which the invention is directed is improving the quality of grinding, uniform distribution of the crushed mass over the surface of the soil.

The technical result is a uniform distribution of organic fertilizers on the surface of the soil, increasing its fertility and crop yields.

The specified technical result is achieved by the fact that in the machine for grinding and applying solid organic fertilizers containing a hopper in which there is a horizontal feed conveyor, above which a grinding drum is installed, equipped with gear elements located along helical lines, according to the invention, the grinding drum is made three-tier with a distance between tiers, providing the possibility of free rotation in the horizontal plane, while the gear elements, performing the role of chopping knives is made in the form of plates fixed to the coils of the chopping drum, made in the form of a single-auger screw with right and left screws, the chopping screws are driven by the tractor PTO, and on two of them there is a clutch with the ability to disconnect, chopping knives are fixed to screw turns with bolted joints with an interval of 40 ... 45 °, with a distance in the horizontal plane of 4 ... 5 cm, a limiting shutter is installed in front of the grinding augers to prevent losses of TOU, driven by hydraulic cylinder, behind the chopping screws installed limiting leaf, driven by a hydraulic cylinder, under the chopping screws installed centrifugal spreaders, the blades of which are made in a parabolic curve.

The analysis of the prior art by the applicant, including a search by patent and scientific and technical sources of information and identification of sources containing information about analogues of the claimed invention, allowed to establish that the applicant did not find an analogue characterized by all the features of the claimed invention. Therefore, the claimed invention meets the criterion of "novelty" under the current law.

The invention is illustrated by drawings.

In FIG. 1 - shows a machine for grinding and applying solid organic fertilizers, side view.

In FIG. 2 is a view A in FIG. 1 - chopping drum.

In FIG. 3 is a view B in FIG. 2.

In FIG. 4 - centrifugal spreaders.

A machine for grinding and applying solid organic fertilizers, comprising a hopper 1, in which there is a horizontal feed conveyor 2, over which a chopping drum 3 is installed, provided with gear elements 4 located along helical lines, according to the invention, the chopping drum 3 is made three-tier with a distance between the tiers, providing the possibility of free rotation in the horizontal plane, while the gear elements 4, playing the role of grinding knives 4, are made in the form of a plate tin mounted on the turns of the chopping drum 3, made in the form of a single-feed screw 3 with a winding towards the center, the chopping screws 3 are driven by the tractor PTO, and two of them have a clutch with the ability to disconnect, chopping knives 4 are mounted on the turns of the screw 3 with bolted joints with an interval of 40 ... 45 °, with a distance in the horizontal plane of 4 ... 5 cm, in front of the chopping screws 3, a limiting shutter 5 is installed to prevent losses of TOU, driven by the hydraulic cylinder 6, after the chopping screws are installed a limiting leaf 7 is driven by a hydraulic cylinder 8, centrifugal spreaders 9 are installed under the grinding screws 3, the blades of which are made in a parabolic curve.

Machine for grinding and applying solid organic fertilizers works as follows.

Before starting work, the hopper 1 is filled with fertilizers. When the machine for grinding solid organic fertilizers is moving across the field, the horizontal feed conveyor 2 moves the fertilizers from the hopper 1 to the grinding drums 3, grinding knives 4 and winding to the center of which provides grinding and mixing of organic fertilizers. The crushed mass of fertilizers is thrown out over the grinding drums, abutting against the bounding leaf 7 of the machine. Under its own weight, the fertilizer wakes up in the lower part of the leaf 7, additionally being crushed and mixing, as a result, a homogeneous finely ground mass is formed, which enters the centrifugal spreaders 9, and with the help of its blades made along a parabolic curve is scattered across the field. In front of the grinding drums, a rising bounding curtain 5 is installed, with which you can adjust the amount of TOU applied per hectare, and also use the machine as a trailer. The upper and central tiers of the machine are made switchable. When applying up to 20 t / ha, only the lower tier of the machine is involved in the operation, while the limiting shutter 5, using the hydraulic cylinder 6, rises only 1/3 of the height of the hopper 1. When applying from 20-40 t / ha, only the lower and central tiers of the machine, while the bounding curtain 5 with the help of the hydraulic cylinder 6 rises to 2/3 of the height of the body. When making a TOU in excess of 40 t / ha, all three tiers of the machine are involved in the operation, while the bounding curtain 5 is in the open position.

Claims (1)

A machine for grinding and applying solid organic fertilizers, comprising a hopper in which a horizontal feed conveyor is located, over which a chopping drum is installed, provided with gear elements arranged along helical lines, on the outlet side, characterized in that the chopping drum is made three-tier with a distance between tiers, providing the possibility of free rotation in the horizontal plane, while the gear elements that play the role of grinding knives are made in the form of plates, for replicated on the turns of the chopping drum, made in the form of a single-auger screw with right and left screws, the chopping screws are driven by the tractor PTO, and two of them have a clutch with the ability to disconnect, chopping knives are fixed to the turns of the screw using bolted joints with an interval of 40 ... 45 °, with a horizontal distance of 4 ... 5 cm, a restriction shutter is installed in front of the chopping augers to prevent losses of solid organic fertilizers, driven by a hydraulic cylinder, behind the chopping and screws installed limiting valve, driven by a hydraulic cylinder movement under centrifugal grinding auger mounted spreaders, the blades are formed along a parabolic curve.

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