RU2327009C2 - Loader-shredder - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: equipment for processing of hard organic materials.

SUBSTANCE: loader-shredder for transport facility includes power hydraulic manipulator, bucket with drum shredders that are installed in shafts and kinematically connected to driven hydraulic motor. Bucket is equipped with turn baffle of outsize inclusions in loaded material, which is made in the form of one or several longitudinally inclined curvilinear knives, and in the bottom of bucket under the drum shredders the outlet device is installed, which is made in the form of coupled grid with regulated throat. At that drum shredders are connected to driven hydraulic motor through overspeed coupling, and the back wall of the bucket is equipped with hollow stiffening fins that are installed in free areas between the drum shredders. At that on every stiffening fin there are spraying elements that are united with internal cavity of corresponding stiffening fin, which is connected via common register with dosing pump of liquid additives.

EFFECT: reduction of means for equipment, reduction of power intensity and preparation of final product of high quality, fertilizers with preparation of ready mixture simultaneously and in the same place.

4 cl, 5 dwg

Description

The invention relates to techniques for processing solid organic materials and can be used in the preparation of soil, organic fertilizers and ameliorants used in agriculture and municipal services, as well as in enterprises for the processing and composting of organic waste, including plant materials. The proposed technical solution can significantly reduce equipment costs, reduce energy intensity and get the final product (soil or compost) of high quality.

The loader-chopper is mounted on a vehicle with a hydraulic manipulator, a bucket with an oversized inclusions chipper, a double-action drum grinder and a grill with an adjustable passage section mounted on the rear wall of the bucket and equipped with hydraulic motors kinematically connected to the choppers through the shock-absorbing joint made in the form of an acceleration .

In this case, the drums have at least two types of grinding disks, one of which is equipped with hammers, and the other with knives, which are installed alternately along each of the drums. The boom of the hydraulic bucket has longitudinal walls forming right angles to each other in the plane of rotation of the bucket and hollow stiffening ribs of the rear wall located in the dead zones between the drums. At the same time, sprinklers are installed on each stiffener, combined by the internal cavity of each stiffener, connected through the register to the metering pump of liquid additives. Known loader-grinder, designed for unloading plant materials (silage, haylage, etc.) with simultaneous grinding and loading into a vehicle (book. "Machines and equipment for preparing feed", the authors - I.V. Kulakovsky and others. M .: Rosselkhozizdat, 1987, p. 202, Fig. 62). The drive of the working bodies of the specified loader is carried out from the power take-off shaft of the tractor on which it is mounted.

The disadvantage of this loader-grinder is that it does not prepare a mixture of ground components and, accordingly, does not allow to obtain the finished product in the form of soil, compost, etc. without the use of additional equipment.

Compost aerator is known from the patent literature as an analogue, containing a mobile device mounted on a frame and connected in series with a screw feeder and a throwing device made with a blade rotor enclosed in a housing. The latter has an obliquely located unloading barrel, the lower wall of which is made in the form of a conveyor. An inclined grate is installed in the barrel unloading window in the form of parallel-connected rods, to the lower plane of which a pressure fan is connected. The invention improves the efficiency of aeration of compost in a pile without the formation of anaerobic zones (see RF patent No. 2210199, publ. 2003).

A device for processing materials such as manure, compost, peat, various wastes is known from the patent literature as a prototype, and can be used in agriculture and construction during loading operations. The device comprises a bucket with a grinding organ, which has at least two parallel shafts installed at some distance from each other with the possibility of synchronous rotation and equipped with grinding elements. The grinding elements of two adjacent shafts overlap each other and consist of a plurality of disks mounted at a certain distance from each other, and the peripheral surfaces of the disks have protrusions between which cutouts are formed. The bottom of the bucket has an outlet for return material. The bucket further comprises a loosening device located between the grinding body and the outlet and containing at least two parallel shafts mounted at some distance from each other with the possibility of synchronous rotation and equipped with blades (see RF patent No. 2109109, publ. 1998) .

Providing grinding of each type of bulk material, which is accompanied by the simultaneous spilling of crushed particles through the bottom of the bucket, it does not allow to obtain a multicomponent mixture and recirculation of unmilled particles.

The technical result of the invention is to create a multi-purpose means of grinding, mixing and loading components of soil, compost materials and other fertilizers to obtain the finished mixture simultaneously and in one place.

The technical result of the invention is achieved by the fact that the loader-grinder for a vehicle includes a power hydraulic manipulator with an arrow, a bucket with drum grinders mounted on shafts kinematically connected to a drive hydraulic motor, and the bucket is equipped with a rotary chipper of oversized inclusions of the loaded material, made in the form of one or more longitudinally inclined curved knives, and in the bottom of the bucket under the drum grinders an exhaust device is installed, which is made in the form of a military grate with an adjustable cross-section, moreover, drum grinders are connected to the drive motor through an accelerating clutch, and the rear wall of the bucket is equipped with hollow stiffeners located in the free zones between the drum grinders, while spraying elements are installed on each stiffener, united by the internal cavity of the corresponding rib stiffness associated through a common register with a metering pump of liquid additives.

Drum shredders mounted on the shafts are made in the form of alternating cutting and crushing disks equipped with cutting and hammer elements, respectively, while the cutting elements are located along the helical line of the opposite direction.

The boom of the hydraulic manipulator of the vehicle is equipped with a support-lock of the position of the bucket mounted on its free end.

The support-clamp position of the bucket is made in the form of a rotary frame structure equipped with a controllable drive.

The invention is illustrated by drawings, where:

figure 1 presents a diagram of a loader-grinder on a vehicle;

figure 2 is a technological diagram of the loader-grinder;

figure 3 - bucket loader-grinder; view along A in figure 1;

figure 4 - support-latch, view according to B in figure 1;

figure 5 is a section along bb in figure 3.

The loader-chopper (Fig. 1) consists of a vehicle 1, aggregated with a hydraulic manipulator 2, carrying a rotary bucket 3 at the free end, equipped with knives-chippers 4 of oversized inclusions (logs, branches, pieces of reinforcement, etc.), made in the form of two or several flat curved knives, the front of each of which is installed obliquely to the front edge of the bucket. Disk grinding drums 5 (figure 5) are mounted inside the bucket from the side of the rear wall of the bucket with the possibility of rotation and equipped with a hydraulic motor 6, and under the drums an exhaust device is installed in the form of a double grill 7 with an adjustable flow area using the adjusting mechanism 8 (Figure 2) . The grinding drums 5 consist of cutting and crushing disks fixed to a common shaft and alternating between each other, which are respectively equipped with cutting elements 9 or hammer elements 10. The ribs of the rear wall of the bucket are hollow and contain spray elements 11 connected to a metering pump 12 of liquid mineral additives. The bucket 3 itself is equipped with a support-latch 13, made in the form of a rotary structure, remotely controlled by a hydraulic cylinder 14 (see Figure 1).

To ensure a smooth start when you turn on the grinding stage under load (when the hopper is full), the grinding drums 5 are connected to the drive hydromator 6 through the accelerating clutch 15.

The work of the loader-grinder is as follows.

When using the loader in the lines for preparing soil or compost mixture, as well as when harvesting its individual components (for example, peat) with the front leading edge forward and when the tractor 1 moves forward, the bucket 3 is filled with mass and at the same time oversized inclusions (driftwood, large wood fragments, etc.) due to their removal up and to the side with knives-chippers 4.

After filling the bucket, the last hydraulic manipulator 2 is turned bottom-down and lifted by an arrow to the height of the support-latch 13, fixing its position. After that, the hydraulic motor 6 of the grinding drums 5, grinding the lumps and pieces of wood by crushing them when passing into the gap between the rotating drums 5 and crushing with the hammer elements 10 around the circumference of the disks, is turned on. The fibrous inclusions in this case are crushed by the cutting elements 9, alternating with the hammer elements 10.

As grinding to a passing fraction, particles of the crushed material are sifted through the gaps between the drums 5 and the output device in the form of a double grate 7 with adjustable flow sections using the adjusting mechanism 8. If necessary, more uniform mixing of the crushed components, as well as the need to introduce liquid fertilizer into the soil additives (for example, urea solution) adjustable cross sections of the double lattice 7 are blocked by the adjusting mechanism 8 for the entire time sewing.

For the supply and distribution of a solution of fertilizers or other liquid components, spray elements 11 are used, connected to a metering pump 12.

Using the proposed loader-grinder of materials in the lines for preparing compost mixtures, soil, peat and wood-vegetable sorbents for processing liquid and semi-liquid organic waste can significantly reduce the cost of equipment and energy costs by combining technological processes in time and place, since one such machine replaces several units of specialized equipment (grinder, mixer, separator-sifter of ground mass and loading means), as well as a lawsuit yuchaet appropriate amount of transfer conveyor that reduces the price of the kit cost 3-4 times.

Claims (4)

1. Loader-chopper for a vehicle, including a power hydraulic manipulator, a bucket with drum grinders mounted on shafts kinematically connected with a driving hydraulic motor, characterized in that the bucket is equipped with a rotary chipper of oversized inclusions of the loaded material, made in the form of one or more longitudinally inclined curved knives, and in the bottom of the bucket under the drum grinders an exhaust device is installed, which is made in the form of a double grate with an adjustable passage cross-section, moreover, drum crushers are connected to the driving hydraulic motor via an accelerating clutch, and the rear wall of the bucket is equipped with hollow stiffeners located in the free zones between the drum grinders, and spray elements are installed on each stiffener, united by an internal cavity of the corresponding stiffener, connected through a common register with metering pump for liquid additives. 2. The loader-grinder according to claim 1, characterized in that the drum shredders mounted on the shafts are made in the form of alternating cutting and crushing disks, equipped with, respectively, cutting and hammer elements, while the cutting elements are located on a helical line in the opposite direction. 3. The loader-chopper according to claim 1, characterized in that the hydraulic manipulator of the vehicle is equipped with a support position lock for the bucket mounted on its free end. 4. The loader-chopper according to claim 3, characterized in that the supporting clamp position of the bucket is made in the form of a rotary frame structure equipped with a controllable drive.

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