RU2271673C2 - Combined feedstuff for cattle youngsters - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture, fodder production.

SUBSTANCE: the suggested granulated combined feedstuff contains rye, oil cake, mineral additive, premix, moreover, as rye it contains the grain of winter rye, and as oil cake - either sunflower or rape oil cake, and as mineral additive - precipitate and common salt and as premix - premix P63-1; additionally, it contains pea, dry beet bagasse, beet syrup at the following ratio of components, weight%: rye (grain) 70-80; pea 5; oil cake (either sunflower or rape) 7-10, beet bagasse (dry) 3-9, beet syrup 2-3, premix P63-1 1; mineral additives (precipitate, common salt) - the rest. The present innovation enables to increase energetic and nutritive value of manufactured production, increase coefficients of nutrients' digestibility, increase body weight gain in animals and decrease fodders expenses.

EFFECT: higher efficiency.

9 ex, 5 tbl

Description

The invention relates to agriculture, specifically to fodder production, and can be used in the production of animal feed for growing and fattening young cattle.

Known use for growing and fattening young cattle (bulls) 11-16 months. the age of loose feed of the following recipes, wt.%:

1) barley - 40, wheat - 27, rye - 15, sunflower meal - 8, millet - 5, DAF - 3, salt and premix - 1 each;

2) barley - 30, wheat - 22, rye - 30, sunflower meal - 8, millet - 5, DAF - 3, table salt and premix - 1 each;

3) barley - 20, wheat - 14, rye - 50, sunflower meal - 6, millet - 5, DAF - 3, salt and premix - 1 each [1];

The disadvantage of these feeds is their low content of nutrients (carbohydrates, fat), low levels of digestible protein per feed unit. In 1 kg of these mixed feeds, instead of the required 11-13 MJ, the concentration of exchange energy does not exceed 10.2-10.4 MJ, and based on one feed unit with a requirement of at least 110-115 g, not more than 96.6-98.0 g digestible protein that does not meet the needs of young cattle with intensive feeding. When feeding the above compound feeds to young cattle, it was found that with an increase in the specific gravity of rye grain from 15 to 30-50%, the digestibility ratios of nutrients of diets decrease (with their identical structure) and average daily growths of animals decrease [1].

It is known that the increase in the rye grain content in compound feed is limited due to the presence of inhibitors of the enzymes trypsin, chymotrypsin, as well as highly viscous polysaccharides, toxic compounds of resorcinols, which disrupt the digestion process in animals, which leads to a decrease in their productivity [3].

Rye grain contains up to 65% of starch, which in the stomach of animals swells and is poorly digested, which also causes a decrease in their productivity. Therefore, in the recommended compounding recipes for young cattle, the specific gravity of rye grain does not exceed 20% [3].

The NGO Biotechnology (Moscow) revealed the possibility of reducing the negative properties of rye grain and increasing the digestibility of the nutrients contained in it by using enzyme preparations - multi-enzyme compositions (IEC) [3, 4]. This made it possible to increase the specific gravity of winter rye grain in compound feeds for growing young cattle up to 40%, for fattening - up to 60%. However, enzyme preparations have short shelf life, which complicates their widespread use in production conditions of feed mills.

It has been established that after heat treatment of rye grain (roasting, flaking, etc.), it is possible to increase the norms of feeding it to cattle, in particular dairy cows [4]. The heat treatment of grain and animal feed can also be carried out by granulating them on an aggregate of the OGM type [5]. In the granulator press mixer, loose feed is subjected to a pressure of 0.35-0.40 MPa (3.5-4.0 kg / cm ² ) at temperatures up to + 150 ° C, which cause structural-mechanical changes in the feed [6]. When granulating in compound feed, the content of BeV increases and fiber is reduced, the nutrients of the feed are better used by animals [5, 9].

The aim of the present invention is the preparation of high-energy with a high content of nutrients compound feed based on winter rye grain with the inclusion of by-products of the sugar industry (beet feed molasses, beet pulp), protein-containing, fat-containing, mineral, vitamin supplements, including and premix.

The task is achieved as follows.

The feed production process includes the acceptance, cleaning, dosage of carbohydrate, protein, fat-containing raw materials, mineral additives, premix, grinding components, mixing them. According to the invention, 70-80% of ground rye grain, 2-3% of beet fodder molasses, 3-9% of dry beet dry pulp, 5% of pea, 7-10% rapeseed from protein-containing, fat-containing ingredients are used as carbohydrate components by weight of feed sunflower) cake, mineral additives - precipitate, salt and premix for 1%.

Compound feed is prepared as follows.

Protein-containing, fat-containing and carbohydrate-containing raw materials consisting of winter rye and pea grains, oilcake, beet pulp, mineral additives, premix are taken, cleaned of coarse mechanical and metallomagnetic impurities, then crushed and mixed.

The inclusion of pea grains, rapeseed (sunflower) meal in the feed increases the content of digestible protein and fat in it. The use of premix in the compound feed enriches it with microelements and vitamins.

To reduce the negative properties of winter rye grain after grinding and mixing, the mixture is granulated on an OGM-type aggregate at a temperature in its pressing chamber of + 120-130 ° C and a pressure of 3.5-4.0 atmospheres (3.5-4.0 kg / cm3) ² ). During the granulation process, the OGM unit is fed from the special container through the pipeline with feed beet molasses, which, due to the high content of sugar (53-55%) in it, increases the energy value of the granulated feed, improves its dietary, palatability and palatability.

The use of dry beet pulp in the compound feed allows it to be used more effectively in feeding young cattle.

From the sources of scientific, technical and patent literature, the compound feed recipe is unknown, containing 70-80% of winter rye grain as a carbohydrate component by weight of feed for growing and fattening young cattle.

Studies on the preparation of granular mixed fodder with the inclusion of 70-80% ground winter rye grains, high-protein, fat-containing components, beet molasses, beet pulp, mineral additives and premix were carried out in the production conditions of the Ufa plant and Davlekanovsky bakery plant No. 2 of the Republic of Bashkortostan.

Scientific and economic experiments to study the efficiency of feeding young cattle of granular compound feeds prepared on the basis of rye grain were carried out under the experimental conditions of the complex for rearing and fattening young cattle AKH "Pravda" of the Aurgazinsky district of the Republic of Belarus and in the production conditions of the experimental production farm " Kazangulovskoe "of the applicant.

Example 1 (control). The feed mixture is prepared by accepting, cleaning, dosing, mixing the following components, wt.%: Barley - 40, wheat - 27, rye - 15, sunflower meal - 8, millet - 5, DAP - 3, table salt and premix P63-1 - according to 1. The mixture is ground and granulated on an OGM-1.5 aggregate (OST 105015-75) at a temperature in the pressing chamber of + 120-130 ° С and a pressure of 3.5-4.0 atmospheres.

Example 2. A feed mixture is prepared by receiving, cleaning, dosing and mixing the following components, wt.%: Rye - 70, peas - 5, sunflower meal - 10, dry beet pulp - 9, precipitate, salt, premix P63-1 - according to 1. The mixture is crushed and granulated on an OGM-1.5 aggregate (OST 105015-75) at a temperature in the pressing chamber of 120-130 ° C and a pressure of 3.5-4.0 atmospheres. In the process of granulation, 3% feed beet molasses by weight of feed is added to the feed mixture.

Example 3. A feed mixture is prepared by receiving, cleaning, dosing and mixing the following components, wt.%: Rye - 80, peas - 5, sunflower meal - 7, beet pulp dry - 3, precipitate, salt, premix P63-1 - 1. The mixture is ground and granulated on an OGM-1.5 aggregate (OST 105015-75) at a temperature in the pressing chamber of + 120-130 ° С and a pressure of 3.5-4.0 atmospheres. During the granulation process, 2% feed beet molasses by weight of feed is added to the feed mixture.

Example 4. A feed mixture is prepared by receiving, cleaning, dosing and mixing the following components, wt.%: Rye - 80, peas - 5, rapeseed cake - 7, beet pulp dry - 3, precipitate, salt, premix P 63-1 - according to 1. The mixture is ground and granulated on an OGM-1.5 aggregate (OST 105015-75) at a temperature in the pressing chamber of + 120-130 ° С and a pressure of 3.5-4.0 atmospheres. During the granulation process, 2% feed beet molasses by weight of feed is added to the feed mixture.

The results of determining the chemical composition, energy and nutritional value of granular mixed feeds are given in table 1.

Table 1 Quality indicators of 1 kg of granulated feed Examples 1 control 2 3 four Dry matter, g 854.0 874.0 876.0 877.0 Exchange energy, MJ 10.48 11.38 11.40 11.42 Feed units, kg 1.10 1.14 1.15 1.15 Crude protein, g, 133.5 144.0 142.5 142.0 including digestible, g 110.8 129.3 127.2 127.0 Crude Fat, g 22.7 24.0 23.5 25.0 Bev, g 631.1 634.8 638.6 637.7 including sugar, g 40,0 56.7 60,2 55.5 Starch, g 333.5 378.7 425.6 399.5 Crude fiber, g 39.7 43,2 34,4 36.8 Crude ash, g 27.0 28.0 37.0 35.0 Calcium g 4,5 5.5 5,6 5,4 Phosphorus, g 5.3 6.8 6.8 6.7

From the data in table 1 it is seen that granular mixed feeds are characterized by a higher energy value and a higher content of nutrients, including 70-80% of rye grain, 3-9% of dry beet pulp, 2-3% of beet molasses as carbohydrate-containing raw materials ( examples 2, 3, 4).

In 1 kg of granular mixed feed given in examples 2, 3, 4, compared with granular mixed feed given in example 1 (control), the concentration of exchange energy is higher by 8.58-8.97%, feed. units per 3.64-4.54, crude protein 6.37-7.86, digestible protein 14.62-16.69, crude fat 3.52-10.13, sugar 38.75-50 , 50, starch 13.55-27.62%. In the feed composition of examples 2, 3, 4, based on the feed unit contains 110.43-113.42 g of digestible protein, which is more by 9.70-12.69 g or 9.63-12.59% than compound feed of example 1.

Example 5. The effectiveness of feeding young cattle prepared granular mixed feeds is determined by conducting scientific and economic experience on 4 groups of Bestuzhev breed bull-castrats, 10 animals each, selected on the basis of analogue pairs at the age of 10 months, taking into account the date of birth, live weight.

The diets of feeding gobies are calculated on the basis of obtaining 900-950 g of average daily gain in live weight. With the same structure of diets, animals of the 1st group are fed with granular compound feed of the composition of the first example, of the 2nd group - the composition of the second, 3rd group - the composition of the third, 4th group - the composition of the fourth example. In addition to mixed fodder, hay meadow, feed mixture (corn silage + ground sugar beets + wheat straw), green mass of beefless rind, Sudan grass, a mixture of barley with peas, corn, and table salt are included in the diets of gobies.

Experiments continue until young cattle reach 18 months of age. age, and animal diets are adjusted with an increase in live weight.

Growth rates of experimental animals (per head) in the context of groups, feed consumption (feed unit) to obtain a unit of growth are given in table 2.

The data in table 2 indicate that feeding granular compound feeds containing 70-80% of ground rye grain increases the absolute increase in young livestock by 11.23-13.63%, the average daily gain in live weight by 13.02-15.43%, reduces feed consumption (feed unit) for receiving 1 kg of growth by 7.63-10.49% (groups 2, 3, 4) compared with the inclusion of granular compound feed in the diets of animals of the first example, containing 15% of ground grain rye (group 1).

table 2 Indicator Group of animals 1 control 2 3 four Absolute gain in live weight, kg 195.9 222.6 217.9 222.9 The average daily gain, g 914.0 1055.0 1035.0 1057.0 Feed consumption for obtaining 1 kg of growth, feed unit 6.95 6.31 6.42 6.29

During the period of scientific and economic experience, the effect of feeding granulated mixed fodders on the digestibility of nutrients in diets was studied.

Example 6. For physiological experiments, 3 bulls are selected from each group according to the principle of analog pairs, taking into account the date of birth, live weight, on which the digestibility of nutrients of diets is studied according to the method described by A. I. Ovsyannikov [7].

The results of a study of the effect of feeding young cattle of granular mixed feeds of various compositions on the digestibility of nutrient rations (per head) are given in table 3.

From the data of table 3 it follows that feeding bull-calves granular compound feeds of examples 2, 3, 4 increases compared to animal feed compound feed of example 1, the digestibility coefficient of dry matter rations by 0.8-1.1%, organic matter by 0.9-1, 3, protein 1.1-1.5, fat 0.6-0.9, BEV 0.5-1.6%, which positively affects the growth rate of young cattle.

Table 3 Indicator Digestibility coefficient,% group of animals 1 control 2 3 four Dry matter 66.7 67.8 67.5 67.7 Organic matter 67.6 68.9 68.5 68.5 Protein 61.3 62.8 62,4 62.6 Fat 72.7 73.6 73.3 73.5 Cellulose 48.6 48.5 48.7 48.6 BEV (nitrogen-free extractive substances) 75.8 77.4 76.3 77.1

Under the conditions of the Kazangulovskoye BNIISKh, an industrial audit was carried out to determine the effectiveness of feeding young cattle with granulated feed containing 70% ground rye grain by weight of feed.

Example 7. Prepared 8 tons of feed mixture by receiving, cleaning, dosing and mixing the following components, wt.%: Rye - 70, peas - 5, sunflower meal - 10, beet pulp - 9, precipitate, salt, premix P63- 1 - by 1. The mixture is crushed and granulated on an OGM-1.5 aggregate (OST 105015-75) at a temperature in the pressing chamber of + 120-130 ° С and a pressure of 3.5-4.0 atmospheres. In the process of granulation, 3% beet feed syrup by weight of feed is added to the feed mixture.

Example 8. For comparison, 8 tons of feed mixture are prepared by receiving, cleaning, dosing and mixing the following components, wt.%: Barley - 40, wheat - 27, rye - 15, sunflower meal - 8, millet - 5, DAF - 3, salt and premix P63-1 - 1 each.

The mixture is crushed and granulated on an OGM-1.5 aggregate (OST 105015-75) at a temperature in the pressing chamber of + 120-130 ° С and a pressure of 3.5-4.0 atmospheres.

The results of the study of the chemical composition, energy and nutritional value of granular mixed feeds are given in table 4.

Table 4 Quality indicators of 1 kg of granulated feed Examples 7 8 control Dry matter, g 875.0 854.5 Exchange energy, MJ 11.40 10.50 Feed units, kg 1.15 1,11 Crude protein, g 145.0 134.0 including digestible, g 129.0 111.2 Crude Fat, g 24.5 23.0 Bev, g 633.0 630.0 including sugar, g 57.7 39.5 Starch, g 380.5 335.0 Crude fiber, g 43.5 40,0 Crude ash, g 29.0 27.5 Calcium g 5.5 4.7 Phosphorus, g 6.7 5.5

From the data of table 4 it can be seen that 1 kg of granular mixed feed containing 70% of ground rye grain (Example 7) contained more exchange energy by 8.57%, feed units by 3.60, crude and digestible protein by 8 respectively , 21 and 16.0%, fat by 6.52, sugar by 46.07, starch by 13.58% than in granular mixed feed prepared with 15% ground rye grain (example 8). In the granular compound feed of the composition of example 7 per feed unit contained 112.2 g of digestible protein, which is 12.0 g or 11.97% more than in the compound feed of example 8.

Example 9. To conduct a production audit to determine the effectiveness of feeding granular mixed feeds, 2 groups of black-motley bulls-castrats, 10 months old, 30 animals each, are selected according to the principle of analogue pairs, taking into account the date of birth, live weight.

The diets of animal feeding are calculated on the basis of 800-900 g of average daily gain in live weight. With the same dietary structure, the bulls of the first group are fed with granulated compound feed of the seventh composition, of the second group - with the composition of the eighth measurement.

In addition to animal feed, osseous hay, corn silage, haylage from vetch-oat mixture, and table salt are included in animal diets.

The experiments are conducted for 93 days until the experimental bulls reach 13 months. age, and with an increase in live weight, animal rations are adjusted. The growth rates of young livestock in groups (per head), the cost of feed (feed and digestible protein) to obtain 1 kg of growth are shown in table 5.

Table 5 Indicator Group of animals one 2 control Absolute gain, kg 82.7 74.8 The average daily gain, g 890 805 Feed consumption for 1 kg gain: feed units, kg 6.0 6.4 digestible protein, g 588.1 612.2

The data in table 5 indicates that when feeding young livestock with granular compound feed containing 70% ground rye grain, compared with feeding compound feed containing 15% ground rye grain, the average daily gain in live weight of gobies increased by 85 g or 10.55% , the cost of feed (feed) for receiving 1 kg of growth decreased by 6.69, digestible protein - by 3.93%.

An increase in the specific gravity of ground winter rye grain in feed mixtures up to 70-80%, including also carbohydrate, protein, mineral additives and premix with their subsequent granulation, will allow:

- increase the energy and nutritional value of products by feed mills;

- when feeding young cattle, increase the digestibility ratios of the nutrients of the diets, the average daily gain in live weight of animals by 13.0-15.5%, reduce the cost of feed (feed) for gaining by 7.6-10.5% ;

- to ensure the rational use in feeding animals of beet pulp, beet molasses;

- to ensure a wider use of winter rye grain as a raw material in the production of high-grade compound feeds for young cattle for growing and fattening.

REFERENCES

1. Baimuratov B.Sh. The effect of compound feeds of various compositions on the meat productivity of red steppe gobies. Abstract of dissertation for the degree of candidate S.-kh. sciences. Orenburg, - 1996, - 25 p. (Entered the library of BNIISH in 1996).

2. Denisov N.I. Production and use of animal feed. 1964, Moscow: Kolos - S.324-326.

3. Zimin S. Rye in the feed industry. // Feed industry. No. 5-6, - 1993. - S.30-32.

4. Kirilov M. et al. Increasing the productive effect of rye for cows. Dairy and beef cattle breeding. 1977. No. 2 - S.14-17.

5. Minko L.A. Granular feed. // Livestock. No. 1, - 1965 - S.41-43.

6. Mionchinsky P.N., Kozharova L.S. Feed production. M.: Agropromizdat, 1991 .-- P.101-105.

7. Ovsyannikov A.I. Fundamentals of experimental work in animal husbandry. 1976, Moscow: Kolos, - 304 p.

8. RF patent No. 2077222, cl. A 23 K 1/20, 1995.

9. Skorobogatykh N.N. Compound feed in cattle diets. M., 1975 .-- S. 27-43.

Claims (1)

Granular feed for young cattle, containing rye, oilcake, a mineral additive, premix, characterized in that it contains winter rye grain as rye, sunflower or rapeseed cake as a cake, precipitate and table salt as a mineral additive, as a premix - premix P63-1 and additionally contains peas, dry beet pulp, beet molasses with the following content of components taken in wt.%: Winter rye grain 70-80 Peas 5 Sunflower or rapeseed cake 7-10 Beet pulp 3-9 Beet molasses 2-3 Premix P63-1 one Mineral additives (precipitate, salt) Rest