RU2246414C2 - Traction vehicle - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: railway transport; locomotive traction devices.

SUBSTANCE: proposed traction vehicle contains main frame, automatic couplers, body, cab two-stage spring suspension, two three-axle bogies with frames, wheelsets with axle boxes, traction motors, traction reduction gears, tie-rod and carriers. Main frame is provided with central brackets passed between axles of each traction bogie and equipped with crossmembers connected for rotation around vertical axle and hinge-connected by ends through tie-rods with axle boxes of bogie wheelsets. Side brackets are secured on frame, being hinge-connected with brackets of bogie axle boxes. Axle boxes of said wheelsets are connected with frames of corresponding bogies by carriers.

EFFECT: reduced overall dimensions of locomotive, particularly, its cantilevers, possibility of negotiating small radius curve tracks.

4 cl, 3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to railway transport, in particular to freight, passenger, shunting and industrial diesel locomotives and electric locomotives, and relates to the design of devices designed to transmit torques of traction motors of a traction vehicle to its wheels and traction force from the wheels to the main frame and coupling device, as well as to give the wheelset a radial setting when moving in curves.

It is known a traction vehicle containing a main frame equipped with automatic couplings, on which a diesel engine with a current generator, a driver’s cab, a diesel cooling system, a pneumatic system, electrical equipment, a control system, a body, trolleys containing frames, rods, braking systems, spring suspension, wheel mounted couples, traction electric motors equipped with gears, in which the maximum coefficient of utilization of the traction weight for a traction vehicle is achieved by the fact that the frame of each trolley ends arnirno connected to the main body frame or two rods, one of which is directed forward and the other backward, or single thrust forwardly disposed at an angle to the horizontal (№ Patent 2,143,354, B 61 C 11/00, Russia).

The disadvantages of this design are the increased size of the trolleys due to the rods and, consequently, the traction vehicle, especially its consoles, which in turn leads to difficult adhesion to the rolling stock in curves of small radius 60 and 40 meters, as well as the difficult passage of such curves from due to the large rotation angles of the rods relative to the frames of the bogies, large wear of the tires and high resistance to movement in the curves due to the lack of radial installation of the wheelset.

The technical result of the invention is to reduce the size of the traction vehicle, especially its consoles, to ensure the passage of small radius curves of 60 and 40 meters, to ensure the adhesion of the traction vehicle with rolling stock in the curves of small radius and radial installation of wheel pairs during their passage, which leads to lower costs on its manufacture, operation and repair.

The technical result is achieved in that in a traction vehicle containing a main frame equipped with automatic couplings, a body, a cabin, two-stage spring suspension, two three-axle trolleys containing frames, spring suspension, wheel pairs with axle boxes, traction motors, traction gears, traction, leads , the main frame of the traction vehicle is equipped with central brackets located on its longitudinal axis, passed between the middle and rear axles of the front trolley, as well as between the front and middle days by the axles of the rear carriage, and equipped with transverse traverses, rotatably connected with them around the vertical axis, and their ends articulated by rods with axle boxes of the rear or middle wheel pair of the front carriage and the front or middle wheel pair of the rear carriage, and two side brackets for each a trolley pivotally connected to the brackets of the axleboxes of the front wheelset of the front carriage and the rear wheelset of the rear carriage by connections, while the axle boxes of these wheelsets are connected to the frames of the corresponding trees with leashes located above their axes and two other side brackets for each trolley pivotally connected to the brackets of the axleboxes of the rear wheelset of the front carriage and the front wheelset of the rear carriage by connections, while the axle boxes of these wheelsets are connected to the frames of the carts by leashes located below them axes, in addition, its central brackets are pivotally connected by rods in the vertical median plane with the axes of the rear or middle wheel pair of the front carriage and the front or middle wheel pair of the rear carriage and, as the maximum possible utilization of the coupling weight is determined by the expression

η _max = 1-N · Ψ · H _a / (3 · L),

where N is the number of traction axles;

ψ is the coefficient of adhesion of wheels to rails;

N _a - the height of automatic couplings above the top of the rail heads;

L is the distance between the middle of the front and rear bogies;

and is achieved by the fact that the device parameters are determined by the ratios:

A = 0.5 · C _C (a · (ba) · C _P -P); B = C _s · C _P · (b-a) ² + C _pb · (C _P · a ² + C _C · b ² ); B = P · (C _C + C);

G = l ₃ · C _c · ((ba) · C _P + b · C _pb ) · tgα; P = 2 · e ² · C _PR ; C = C _P + C _pb ;

And = C · P · (C _C + C _TC ); C _TK = C _t -C _k · (C _t + C _k );

Y = C · d · C _C · C _TC ; T = c · d · C _C · C _P ; W = C · P · _C ;

M = d + l ₄ tgβ; Щ = s + t tgγ;

D = (Ψ · T · (C _mk -1.5 · C _pb ) -1.5 · Ψ · Ж-1.5 · Щ · У) / (Ψ · (M · У + Щ · У + И + T · C _pb ));

E = (T · (C _mk - C _pb ) - Ж-Щ · У) / (М · У + Щ · У + И + Т · С _pb );

F ₁ = A · Ψ · Q _scc / (B + C + D); F ₂ = D · Ψ · Q _sc + E · F ₁ ;

F _f = C _f · (C + C _TK ) · (1.5 · Ψ · Q _cc + F ₁ + F ₂ ) / (C _f · (C + C _TK ) + C _TK · C)

F ₁ · (b + r-h + l ₁ · tgα) + F ₂ · (d + r-h + l ₂ · tgβ) - (H _f -h) · F _f = 1.5 · Ψ · Q _CC H;

where F ₁ and F ₂ are horizontal projections of the forces in the connections connecting the side brackets of the main frame with the brackets of the axleboxes of the front wheelset of the front carriage and the rear wheelset of the rear carriage and, accordingly, the rear wheelset of the front carriage and the front wheel pair of the rear carriage;

F _f - half the longitudinal transverse forces of the second stage of spring suspension;

Q _sc - the grip weight of the wheelset;

a and c are the vertical distances between the axles of the axleboxes of the respective wheelsets and their leashes;

b and d are the vertical distances between the axles of the axleboxes and the hinges of the levers of the axleboxes of the respective wheel pairs;

r is the radius of the wheel;

α, β, γ are the angles of inclination to the horizon of the corresponding bonds and rods;

l ₁ and l ₂ - horizontal longitudinal distances between the hinges of the levers of the axle boxes and the hinges of the corresponding central brackets;

l ₃ and l ₄ - horizontal longitudinal distances between the hinges

leverage axleboxes and associated axleboxes;

e is the horizontal distance between the axle box spring and the axle shaft;

h is the vertical distance between the hinge of the central bracket and the level of the top of the rail heads;

s and t are the vertical and horizontal dimensions between the traction hinge on the axle box and its axis;

C _with and With _p - the longitudinal stiffness of the bond and leash;

With _PB and C _ol - the transverse and longitudinal stiffness of the axle box assembly;

N _f - the height of the second stage of spring suspension above the level of the top of the rail heads;

With _f - half the transverse rigidity of the second stage of spring suspension;

With _t and S _to - horizontal traction stiffness with traverse and half the horizontal stiffness of the central bracket and axle boxes brackets are passed through the sidewalls of the frames of the carts.

This embodiment of the traction vehicle and in particular the supply of the main frame of the traction vehicle with central brackets located on its longitudinal axis, passed between the middle and rear axles of the front carriage, and also between the front and middle axes of the rear carriage, and provided with transverse traverses connected to them with the possibility of rotation around a vertical axis, and their ends articulated by rods with axle boxes of the rear or middle wheel pair of the front trolley and the front or middle track a pair of rear trolleys, and two side brackets on each trolley pivotally connected to the brackets of the axleboxes of the front wheelset of the front carriage and the rear wheelset of the rear carriage by connections, while the axle boxes of these wheelsets are connected to the frames of the respective trolleys by leashes located above their axes, and two other side brackets on each trolley pivotally connected to the brackets of the axleboxes of the rear wheelset of the front carriage and the front wheelset of the rear carriage by ties, while the axle boxes of these wheelsets unified with the frames of the trolleys with leashes located below their axes, the articulation of its central brackets by rods in the vertical median plane with the axles of the rear or middle wheel pair of the front carriage and the front or middle wheel pair of the rear carriage, achieving the maximum possible coefficient of utilization of the coupling weight determined by the expression

η _max = 1-N · Ψ · H _a / (3 · L),

where N is the number of traction axles;

ψ is the coefficient of adhesion of wheels to rails;

N _a - the height of automatic couplings above the top of the rail heads;

L is the distance between the middle of the front and rear bogies;

and is achieved by the fact that the device parameters are determined by the ratios:

A = 0.5 · C _C (a · (ba) · C _P -P); B = C _s · C _P · (b-a) ² + C _pb · (C _P · a ² + C _C · b ² ); B = P · (C _C + C);

G = l ₃ · C _c · ((ba) · C _P + b · C _pb ) · tgα; P = 2 · e ² · C _PR ; C = C _P + C _pb ;

And = C · P · (C _C + C _TC ); C _TK = C _t · C _k / (C _t + C _k );

Y = C · d · C _C · C _TC ; T = c · d · C _C · C _P ; W = C · P · _C ;

M = d + l ₄ tgβ; Щ = s + t tgγ;

D = (Ψ · T · (C _mk -1.5 · C _pb ) -1.5 · Ψ · Ж-1.5 · Щ · У) / (Ψ · (M · У + Щ · У + И + T · C _pb ));

E = (T · (C _mk - C _pb ) - Ж-Щ · У) / (М · У + Щ · У + И + Т · С _pb );

F ₁ = A · Ψ · Q _scc / (B + C + D); F ₂ = D · Ψ · Q _sc + E · F ₁ ;

F _f = C _f · (C + C _TK ) · (1.5 · Ψ · Q _cc + F ₁ + F ₂ ) / (C _f · (C + C _TK ) + C _TK · C)

F ₁ · (b + r-h + l ₁ · tgα) + F ₂ · (d + r-h + l ₂ · tgβ) - (H _f -h) · F _f = 1.5 · Ψ · Q _CC H;

where F ₁ and F ₂ are horizontal projections of the forces in the connections connecting the side brackets of the main frame with the brackets of the axleboxes of the front wheelset of the front carriage and the rear wheelset of the rear carriage and, accordingly, the rear wheelset of the front carriage and the front wheel pair of the rear carriage;

F _f - half the longitudinal transverse forces of the second stage of spring suspension;

Q _sc - the grip weight of the wheelset;

a and c are the vertical distances between the axles of the axleboxes of the respective wheelsets and their leashes;

b and d are the vertical distances between the axles of the axleboxes and the hinges of the levers of the axleboxes of the respective wheel pairs;

r is the radius of the wheel;

α, β, γ are the angles of inclination to the horizon of the corresponding bonds and rods;

l ₁ and l ₂ - horizontal longitudinal distances between the hinges of the levers of the axle boxes and the hinges of the corresponding central brackets;

l ₃ and l ₄ - horizontal longitudinal distances between the hinges of the levers of the axleboxes and the corresponding axleboxes;

e is the horizontal distance between the axle box spring and the axle shaft;

h is the vertical distance between the hinge of the central bracket and the level of the top of the rail heads;

s and t are the vertical and horizontal dimensions between the traction hinge on the axle box and its axis;

C _with and With _p - the longitudinal stiffness of the bond and leash;

With _PB and C _ol - the transverse and longitudinal stiffness of the axle box assembly;

N _f - the height of the second stage of spring suspension above the level of the top of the rail heads;

With _f - half the transverse rigidity of the second stage of spring suspension;

S _t and S _k - horizontal traction stiffness with a traverse and half horizontal stiffness of the central bracket and the passage of axle box brackets through the sidewalls of the carriage frames reduces the size of the traction vehicle, especially its consoles, ensures the passage of small radius curves of 60 and 40 meters, ensures traction adhesion vehicle with rolling stock in the curves of small radius and the radial installation of the wheelsets during their passage, which reduces the cost of its manufacture, operation and emont.

The proposed traction vehicle is presented in the drawings, where

figure 1 shows a traction vehicle, General view;

figure 2 shows a section aa in figure 1;

figure 3 shows a diagram of a traction vehicle;

The traction vehicle (Fig. 1-Fig. 2) consists of a main frame 1 with automatic couplings 2, central brackets 3 and side brackets 4, a driver's cab 5, a body 6, spring suspension of the second stage 7, the front carriage 8, the rear carriage 9 s frames 10, with sidewalls 11, with crossbars 12, traverses 13, front wheelsets 14, middle wheelsets 15, rear wheelsets 16, axle boxes 17, with brackets 18, axle boxes 19, axle boxes 20, with arms 21, rods 22, connections 23, leads 24, traction motors 25, traction gears 26, beech ovymi springs 27.

Traction vehicle operates as follows:

the driver from the driver’s cab 5 starts the traction vehicle and sets the necessary mode of operation, while the traction motors 25 of the front bogie 8 and the rear bogie 9 are supplied with voltage, from which they begin to rotate and create torques that are transmitted by the traction gears 26 to the wheel pairs 14, 15 and 16, which in turn begin to rotate, while traction forces arise in the zones of contact of the wheels with the rails. The traction forces from the wheels are transmitted to the axles of the wheelsets, and from them to the axle boxes 17, 19 and 20. From the axle boxes 17 and 19, the traction forces 24 are transmitted to the sidewalls 11 of the frames 10 of the carts 8 and 9, and with them the leashes to the axle boxes 20 of the rear wheel pairs 16 of the front bogie 8 and the front wheelset 14 of the rear bogie 9. When transmitting traction forces from axle boxes 17 and 19 to axle boxes 20 through the sidewalls 11 of the frames 10 on the brackets 18 and 21, reaction forces arise due to the connections 23 with the side brackets 4 of the main frame 1 Further, the traction forces in total with the reactive forces of the brackets 18 and 21 with axle boxes 20 of the corresponding wheel pairs s 22 and cross-members 13 are transmitted to the central bracket 3, and with them the main frame 1 tractive vehicle to continue on its automatic coupler 2. Traction power transmission from the wheel rim to the central arm on each trolley create overturning moment

M _opr = 3 · Ψ · Q _sc · h, and the reactive forces created by the bonds on the brackets of the axle boxes create a restoring moment

_Moc = F ₁ · (b + r-h + l ₁ · tgα) + F ₂ · (d + r-h + l ₂ · tgβ) - (H _f -h) β · F _f .

The choice of device parameters a, b, c, d, h, α, β, γ; l ₁ , l ₂ , l ₃ , l ₄ , s, t, C _c , C _p , C _t , C _k according to the condition: 2 · M _vos = M _opr leads to the elimination of the overturning moment, which ensures the largest vehicle possible coefficient of utilization of coupling weight equal to:

η _max = 1-N · Ψ · H _a / (3 · L).

что свидетельствует о том, что это тяговое транспортное средство имеет максимально возможный коэффициент использования сцепного веса, равныйFor example: a traction vehicle with parameters Q _sc = 230 kN, N = 6, Ψ = 0.4, N _a = 1.06 m, L = 16.8 m, a = 0.48 m, b = 0.92 m, s = 0.2 m, d = 0.92 m, C _s = 1 · 10 ⁴ kN / m, C _p = 2 · 10 ⁴ kN / m, C _pb = 0.2 · 10 ⁴ N / m , C _pp = 0.18 · 10 ⁴ kN / m, r = 0.525 m, α = β = 12 °, l ₁ = 3 m, l ₂ = 1.05 m, l ₃ = 0.2 m, l ₄ = 0.2 m, e = 0.3 m, h = 0.385 m, s = t = 0 N _f = 1.65 m, C _f = 0.04 · 10 ⁴ kN / m, C _t = 15 · 10 ⁴ N / m, C _k = 12 · 10 ⁴ kN / m, will have the forces in the bonds F ₁ = 20.67 kN, F ₂ = 18.62 kN and the equilibrium condition

which indicates that this traction vehicle has the highest possible grip weight utilization ratio equal to

η _max = 1-6 · 0.4 · 1.06 / (3 · 16.8) = 0.95.

When the traction vehicle moves in curves, the trolleys 8 and 9 turn relative to the main frame 1, while in the left and right connections 23 the redistribution of the reaction forces F ₁ and F ₂ occurs, which in turn leads to the redistribution of the longitudinal forces on the right and left axle boxes 17 and 20 and the creation of front and rear wheelsets 14 and 16 of the front 8 and rear 9 trolleys of turning moments, which set them in a radial position.

All this leads to a decrease in the size of the traction vehicle, especially its consoles, to ensure the passage of small radius curves of 60 and 40 meters, to ensure the adhesion of the traction vehicle with rolling stock in the curves of small radius and radial installation of wheel sets during their passage, which leads to a decrease the costs of its manufacture, operation and repair.

Claims (4)

1. Traction vehicle containing a main frame equipped with automatic couplings, a body, a cab, two-stage spring suspension, two three-axle trolleys containing frames, spring suspension, wheel pairs with axle boxes, traction motors, traction gearboxes, traction, leashes, characterized in that the main frame of the traction vehicle is equipped with central brackets located on its longitudinal axis, missed between the middle and rear axles of the front trolley, as well as between the front and middle axes of the rear bodies LCD, and equipped with transverse traverses, connected with them for rotation around the vertical axis, and their ends articulated with rods with axle boxes of the rear or middle wheel pair of the front carriage and the front or middle wheel pair of the rear carriage, and two side brackets for each carriage, articulated connected to the brackets of the axleboxes of the front wheelset of the front carriage and the rear wheelset of the rear carriage by connections, while the axle boxes of these wheelsets are connected to the frames of the respective carts by races, races Assumption above their axes, and the other two lateral brackets each trolley hinged to the rear bracket axle boxes of the wheelset of the front carriage and a front wheel pair bonds bogie, the axle box of the wheel pairs are connected to the bogie frames leashes disposed below their axes. 2. Traction vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that its central brackets are pivotally connected by rods in the vertical median plane to the axles of the rear or middle wheel pair of the front carriage and the front or middle wheel pair of the rear carriage. 3. Traction vehicle according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the maximum possible utilization of the coupling weight is determined by the expression η _max = 1-N · Ψ · H _a / (3 · L), where N is the number of traction axles; Ψ - coefficient of adhesion of wheels to rails; N _a - the height of automatic couplings above the top of the rail heads; L is the distance between the middle of the front and rear bogies, is achieved by the fact that the parameters of the device are determined by the ratios: A = 0.5 · C _C (a · (ba) · C _P -P); B = C _s · C _P · (b-a) ² + C _pb · (C _P · a ² + C _C · b ² ); B = P · (C _C + C); G = l ₃ · C _c · ((ba) · C _P + b · C _pb ) · tgα; P = 2 · e ² · C _PR ; C = C _P + C _pb ; And = C · P · (C _C + C _TC ); C _TK = C _t · C _k / (C _t + C _k ); Y = C · d · C _C · C _TC ; T = c · d · C _C · C _P ; W = C · P · _C ; M = d + l ₄ tgβ; Щ = s + t tgγ; D = (Ψ · T · (C _mk -1.5 · C _pb ) -1.5 · Ψ · Ж-1.5 · Щ · У) / (Ψ · (M · У + Щ · У + И + T · C _pb )); E = (T · (C _mk - C _pb ) - Ж-Щ · У) / (М · У + Щ · У + И + Т · С _pb ); F ₁ = A · Ψ · Q _scc / (B + C + D); F ₂ = D · Ψ · Q _sc + E · F ₁ ; F _f = C _f · (C + C _TK ) · (1.5 · Ψ · Q _cc + F ₁ + F ₂ ) / (C _f · (C + C _TK ) + C _TK · C) F ₁ (b + r-h + l ₁ · tgα) + F ₂ (d + r-h + l ₂ · tgβ) - (H _f- h) · F _f = 1.5 · Ψ · Q _CC · h ; where: F ₁ and F ₂ are the horizontal projections of the forces in the connections connecting the side brackets of the main frame with the brackets of the axleboxes of the front wheel pair of the front carriage and the rear wheel pair of the rear carriage and, accordingly, the rear wheel pair of the front carriage and the front wheel pair of the rear carriage; F _f - half the longitudinal transverse forces of the second stage of spring suspension; Q _sc - the grip weight of the wheelset; a and c are the vertical distances between the axles of the axleboxes of the respective wheelsets and their leashes; b and d are the vertical distances between the axles of the axleboxes and the hinges of the levers of the axleboxes of the respective wheel pairs; r is the radius of the wheel; α, β, γ are the angles of inclination to the horizon of the corresponding bonds and rods; l ₁ and l ₂ - horizontal longitudinal distances between the hinges of the levers of the axle boxes and the hinges of the corresponding central brackets; l ₃ and l ₄ - horizontal longitudinal distances between the hinges of the levers of the axleboxes and the corresponding axleboxes; e is the horizontal distance between the axle box spring and the axle shaft; h is the vertical distance between the hinge of the central bracket and the level of the top of the rail heads; s and t are the vertical and horizontal dimensions between the traction hinge on the axle box and its axis; With _C and C _P - the longitudinal stiffness of the bond and leash; With _PB and C _PR - the transverse and longitudinal stiffness of the axle box assembly; N _f - the height of the second stage of spring suspension above the level of the top of the rail heads; With _f - half the transverse rigidity of the second stage of spring suspension; With _t and C _to - horizontal traction stiffness with a traverse and half the horizontal stiffness of the Central bracket. 4. Traction vehicle according to claim 1 or claim 2, or claim 3, characterized in that the brackets of the axleboxes are passed through the sides of the frames of the bogies.

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