RU2229992C1 - Traction vehicle - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: railway transport; diesel locomotives and electric locomotives. SUBSTANCE: proposed traction vehicle contains main frame with automatic couplers, body, cabin, two-stage spring suspension, two, three or four two-axle bogies with frames, spring suspension, wheelsets with axle-boxes. Traction motors, traction reduction gears, tie-rods and guides. Main frame of traction vehicle contains central brackets hinge connected by tie-rods with bogie frames or with axles of rear wheelsets of one or two front bogies and front wheelsets of one or two rear bogies. Two side brackets of bogie are hinge-connected with brackets of axle-boxes of front wheelsets of one or two front bogies and rear wheelsets of one or two rear bogies by ties, axle-boxes being connected with frames of corresponding bogies by guides located higher than their axles. Two other side brackets are hinge-connected with brackets of axle-boxes of rear wheel-sets of one or two front bogies and front wheelsets of one or two rear bogies by ties, axle-boxes of said wheelsets being connected with frames of corresponding bogies by guides located lower than their axles. Brackets of axle-boxes are passed through sides of bogie frames. Maximum adhesion weight utilization factor is determined by equation. EFFECT: reduced overall dimensions of traction vehicle, provision of negotiation of small radius tracks and adhesion of wheels, and radial setting of wheelsets at running. 3 cl, 7 dwg

Description

The invention relates to railway transport, in particular to freight, passenger, shunting and industrial diesel locomotives and electric locomotives, and relates to the design of devices designed to transmit torques of traction motors of a traction vehicle to its wheels and traction force from the wheels to the main frame and coupling device, as well as to give the wheelset a radial setting when moving in curves.

A traction vehicle is known that contains a main frame equipped with automatic couplings, on which a diesel engine with a current generator, a driver’s cab, a diesel cooling system, a pneumatic system, electrical equipment, a control system, a body, trolleys containing frames, rods, braking systems, spring suspension, wheel mounted couples, traction electric motors equipped with gears, in which the maximum coefficient of utilization of the traction weight for a traction vehicle is achieved by the fact that the frame of each trolley ends arnirno connected to the main body frame or two rods, one of which is directed forward and the other backward, or single thrust forwardly disposed at an angle to the horizontal (№ Patent 2,143,354, B 61 C 11/00, Russia).

The disadvantages of this design are the increased size of the trolleys due to the rods and, consequently, the traction vehicle, especially its consoles, which in turn leads to difficult adhesion to the rolling stock in curves of small radius 60 and 40 meters, as well as the difficult passage of such curves from due to the large rotation angles of the rods relative to the frames of the carts, the impossibility due to the large size of the use of modular biaxial carts for multi-axle traction vehicles.

The technical result of the invention is to reduce the size of the traction vehicle, especially its consoles, to reduce the size of biaxial bogies, to ensure the passage of small radius curves of 60 and 40 meters, the creation of four-axle and multi-axle traction vehicles based on modular biaxial bogies, which leads to a significant reduction in the cost of them manufacture, operation and repair.

The technical result is achieved in that in a traction vehicle containing a main frame equipped with automatic couplings, a body, a cabin, two-stage spring suspension, two, three or four two-axle bogies containing frames, spring suspension, wheel pairs with axle boxes, traction motors, traction gearboxes , traction, leashes, the main frame of the traction vehicle is equipped with central brackets located along its longitudinal axis and passed between the axes of each traction trolley, and pivotally connected and rods located horizontally or at an angle to the horizontal in the vertical median plane, with the frames of these carts or with the axles of the rear wheel pairs of one or two front carts and the front wheel pairs of one or two rear carts, and four side brackets for each cart, two of which are pivotally connected to the brackets of the axleboxes of the front wheel pairs of one or two front carts and the rear wheel pairs of one or two rear carts with ties located at an angle to the horizontal or horizontal, while the axle boxes of these The main pairs are connected to the frames of the respective bogies by leashes located above their axes, and two other side brackets are pivotally connected to the brackets of the axleboxes of the rear wheel pairs of one or two front bogies and the front wheel pairs of one or two rear bogies by ties located at an angle to the horizontal or horizontal , while the axle boxes of these wheelsets are connected to the frames of the respective trolleys by leashes located below their axes, in addition, the maximum possible utilization rate of the coupling weight

η _max = 1-N · Ψ · H _a · L _n / (2 · (L $\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{\text{2}}{\text{n}}$ + L $\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{\text{2}}{\text{in}}$ )),

where N is the number of traction axles;

Ψ - coefficient of adhesion of wheels to rails;

N _a - the height of automatic couplings above the top of the rail heads;

L _n - the distance between the middle of the front and rear carts;

L _in - the distance between the middle of the middle bogies,

achieved by the fact that the parameters of the device, taken once, are determined by the ratios

F ₁ = 0.5 · (a · (ba) (C _p -P) (Ψ · Q _sc · C _s / (C _s · C _p · (ba) ² + C _pb (C _p · a ² + C _s · b ² ) + P · C + A ₁ );

F ₂ = 0.5 · (s · (d + c) (С _p + П) (Ψ · Q _sc · С _s / (С _s · С _p · (d + c) ² + С _pb · (С _p + C _c ) · c · d + P · C + A ₂ );

or, respectively, F ₂ = 0.5 · (Ψ · Q _sc + 2 · F ₁ ) (c · d · C _c / (d ² · C _c + P);

P = 2 · e ² · C _pr ; C = C _s + C _p + C _pb ;

A ₁ = l _{3 · C c · ((ba)} ( C _n + b · C _pb) · tgα; A ₂ = l _{4 · C c · ((d +} c) · C _f + c · C _pb) · tgβ;

F₂(d+r-h+l₂·tgβ)-(H_ф-h)·Ц₁·Ψ·Q_сц=Ψ·Q_сц·h;F ₁ · (b + r-h + l ₁ · tgα)

F ₂ (d + r-h + l ₂ · tgβ) - (H _f -h) · Ts ₁ · Ψ · Q _sc = Ψ · Q _sc · h;

C ₁ = С _ф · (С _t + С _к ) / (С _t · С _к + С _ф · (С _t + С _к )),

where F ₁ and F ₂ are the horizontal projections of the forces in the connections connecting the side brackets of the main frame with the brackets of the axleboxes, respectively, of the front wheel pairs of one or two front trucks and the rear wheel pairs of one or two rear trucks;

Q _sc - the grip weight of the wheelset;

a and c are the vertical distances between the axles of the axleboxes of the respective wheelsets and their leashes;

b and d are the vertical distances between the axles of the axleboxes and the hinges of the levers of the axleboxes of the respective wheel pairs;

r is the radius of the wheel;

α and β are the angles of inclination to the horizon of the corresponding bonds;

l ₁ and l ₂ - horizontal longitudinal distances between the hinges of the axle boxes and the hinges of the corresponding central brackets;

l ₃ and l ₄ - horizontal longitudinal distances between

hinges of levers of axle boxes and corresponding axle boxes;

e is the horizontal distance between the axle box spring and the axle shaft;

h is the vertical distance between the hinge of the central bracket and the level of the top of the rail heads;

C _c and C _{p the} longitudinal stiffness of the bond and leash;

C _pb and C _ol - the transverse and longitudinal stiffness of the axle box assembly;

N _f - the height of the second stage of spring suspension above the level of the top of the rail heads;

With _f - half the transverse rigidity of the second stage of spring suspension;

With _t and C _to - half the horizontal stiffness of the thrust and the central bracket;

- при соединении тяг с рамами тележек и при соединении тяг с осями колесных пар соответственно, и кронштейны букс пропущены сквозь боковины рам тележек.

- when connecting rods to the frames of the bogies and when connecting rods to the axles of the wheelsets, respectively, and the brackets of the axle boxes are passed through the sidewalls of the frames of the bogies.

This embodiment of the traction vehicle and, in particular, the supply of the main frame of the traction vehicle with central brackets located along its longitudinal axis and passed between the axles of each traction truck, and articulated rods located horizontally or at an angle to the horizontal in the vertical median plane, with these frames bogies or with axles of the rear wheel pairs of one or two front bogies and front wheel pairs of one or two rear bogies, and four side brackets for each a trolley, two of which are pivotally connected to the brackets of the axleboxes of the front wheel pairs of one or two front trolleys and the rear wheel pairs of one or two rear trolleys by ties located at an angle to the horizontal or horizontal, while the axle boxes of these wheelsets are connected to the frames of the respective trolleys by leashes, located above their axes, and two other side brackets are pivotally connected to the brackets of the axleboxes of the rear wheel pairs of one or two front bogies and the front wheel pairs of one or two rear bogies laid at an angle to the horizon or horizontally, while the axle boxes of these wheelsets are connected to the frames of the respective trolleys by leashes located below their axes, and achieving the maximum possible utilization of the coupling weight

η _max = 1-N · Ψ · H _a · L _n / (2 · (L $\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{\text{2}}{\text{n}}$ + L $\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{\text{2}}{\text{in}}$ )))

where N is the number of traction axles;

Ψ - coefficient of adhesion of wheels to rails;

N _a - the height of automatic couplings above the top of the rail heads;

L _n - the distance between the middle of the front and rear carts;

L _in - the distance between the middle of the middle bogies,

the fact that the device parameters taken once are determined by the ratios

F ₁ = 0.5 · (a · (ba) · C _p -P) · Ψ · Q _sc · C _s / (C _s · C _p · (ba) ² + C _pb · (C _p · a ² + C _s · b ² ) + P · C + A ₁ );

F ₂ = 0.5 · (s · (d + c) · С _p + П) · Ψ · Q _sc · С _s / (С _s · С _p · (d + c) ² + С _pb · (С _p + C _c ) · c · d + P · C + A ₂ );

or, respectively, F ₂ = 0.5 · (Ψ · Q _sc + 2 · F ₁ ) · c · d · C _c / (d ² · C _c + P);

P = 2 · e ² · C _pr ; C = C _s + C _p + C _pb ;

A ₁ = l _{3 · C c · ((ba)} ( C _n + b · C _pb) · tgα; A ₂ = l _{4 · C c · ((d +} c) · C _f + c · C _pb) · tgβ;

F₂(d+r-h+l₂·tgβ)-(H_ф-h)·Ц₁·Ψ·Q_сц=Ψ·Q_сц·h;F ₁ · (b + r-h + l ₁ · tgα)

F ₂ (d + r-h + l ₂ · tgβ) - (H _f -h) · Ts ₁ · Ψ · Q _sc = Ψ · Q _sc · h;

C ₁ = С _ф · (С _t + С _к ) / (С _t · С _к + С _ф · (С _t + С _к )),

where F ₁ and F ₂ are the horizontal projections of the forces in the connections connecting the side brackets of the main frame with the brackets of the axleboxes, respectively, of the front wheel pairs of one or two front trucks and the rear wheel pairs of one or two rear trucks;

Q _sc - the grip weight of the wheelset;

a and c are the vertical distances between the axles of the axleboxes of the respective wheelsets and their leashes;

b and d are the vertical distances between the axles of the axleboxes and the hinges of the levers of the axleboxes of the respective wheel pairs;

r is the radius of the wheel;

α and β are the angles of inclination to the horizon of the corresponding bonds;

l ₁ and l ₂ - horizontal longitudinal distances between the hinges of the axle boxes and the hinges of the corresponding central brackets;

l ₃ and l ₄ - horizontal longitudinal distances between the hinges of the levers of the axleboxes and the corresponding axleboxes;

e is the horizontal distance between the axle box spring and the axle shaft;

h is the vertical distance between the hinge of the central bracket and the level of the top of the rail heads;

C _with and With _p - the longitudinal stiffness of the bond and leash;

With _PB and C _ol - the transverse and longitudinal stiffness of the axle box assembly;

H _f - the height of the second stage of spring suspension above the level of the top of the rail heads;

With _f - half the transverse rigidity of the second stage of spring suspension;

With _t and C _to - half the horizontal stiffness of the thrust and the central bracket;

- при соединении тяг с рамами тележек и при соединении тяг с осями колесных пар соответственно,

- when connecting rods with frames of bogies and when connecting rods with axles of wheelsets, respectively,

and the passage of the axle box brackets through the sidewalls of the bogie frames leads to a decrease in the size of the traction vehicle, especially its consoles, to a reduction in the size of biaxial bogies, to ensure the passage of small radius curves of 60 and 40 meters, the creation of four-axis and multi-axle traction vehicles based on modular biaxial bogies to a significant reduction in the costs of their manufacture, operation and repair.

The proposed vehicle is presented in the drawings, where

figure 1 shows a 4-axle traction vehicle, General view;

figure 2 shows a 6-axle traction vehicle, General view;

figure 3 shows an 8-axis traction vehicle, General view;

figure 4 shows a section aa in figure 1;

figure 5 shows a section bB in figure 2;

figure 6 shows a diagram of a traction vehicle;

figure 7 shows a section bb in figure 3.

The traction vehicle (Fig. 1-Fig. 7) consists of a main frame 1 with automatic couplings 2, central brackets 3 and side brackets 4, a driver's cab 5, a body 6, spring suspension of the second stage 7, front bogies 8, rear bogies 9, with frames 10 with sidewalls 11 and crossbars 12, front wheel pairs 13, rear wheel pairs 14, axle boxes 15 with brackets 16, and axle boxes 17 with brackets 18, rods 19, ties 20, leads 21, leads 22, flexible links 23, traction electric motors 24, traction gears 25, box springs 2 6. The traction vehicle operates as follows: the driver from the driver's cab 5 starts the traction vehicle and sets the necessary mode of operation, while the traction motors 24 of the front bogies 8 and the rear bogies 9 are supplied with voltage, from which they begin to rotate and create torque moments that the traction gears 25 are transmitted to the wheelsets 13 and 14, which in turn begin to rotate, while in the zones of contact of the wheels with the rails there are traction forces. Traction forces from the wheels are transmitted to the axles of the wheelsets, and from them to the axle boxes 15 and 17, from which they are transmitted by leashes 21 and 22 to the frames 10 of the carts 8 and 9, while the reaction forces created by the couplings 20 arise on the brackets of the axles 16 and 18 or 23 with side brackets 4 of the main frame 1. Further, the traction forces in total with the reactive forces of the axle box brackets along the sidewalls 11 of the frames 10 of the trolleys 8 and 9 are transmitted to their crossbars 12 or through leashes 22 and axle boxes 17 to the wheel pairs 13 or 14, from which rods 19 they are transmitted to the central brackets 3, and from them to the main frame 1 of the traction trans ortnogo means and further to its automatic coupler 2. Traction power transmission from the wheel rim to the central arm on each trolley create overturning moment

M _OCR = 2 · Ψ · Q _sc · h,

and the reactive forces created by the connections on the brackets of the axle boxes create a restoring moment:

F₂(d+r-h+l₂·tgβ)-(H_ф-h)·Ц₁·Ψ·Q_сц; _Moc = F ₁ · (b + r-h + l ₁ · tgα)

F ₂ (d + r-h + l ₂ · tgβ) - (H _f -h) · C ₁ · Q · Q _sc ;

The choice of device parameters a, b, c, d, h, α, β, l ₁ , l ₂ , l ₃ , l ₄ , C _c , C _p , C _t , C _k taken once, by condition 2 · M _Voc = M _ODA leads to the elimination of the overturning moment and provides the traction vehicle with the greatest possible coefficient of utilization of the coupling weight equal to

η _max = 1-N · Ψ · H _a · L _n / (2 · (L $\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{\text{2}}{\text{n}}$ + L $\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{\text{2}}{\text{in}}$ )).

For example: eight-tractive vehicle for the parameters Q _sc = 230 kN, N = 8, Ψ = 0,4, H _a = 1.06 m, L _n m = 16.8, L _s = 11.8 m, a = 0.48 m, b = 0.92 m, s = 0.08 m, d = 0.92 m, C _s = 1 · 10 ⁴ kN / m, C _p = 2 · 10 ⁴ kN / m, C _pb = 0.2 × 10 ⁴ kN / m, C _pr = 0,18-10 ⁴ kN / m, r = 0,525 m, α = β = 12 °, l ₁ = l, 5 m, l ₂ = 0.7 m, l ₃ = 0.2 m, l ₄ = 0.2 m, e = 0.3 m, h = 0.3 m, N _f = 1.65 m, C _f = 0.04-10 ⁴ kN / m, C _t = 15-10 kN / m, C _k = 12 · 10 ⁴ kN / m, and when connecting the central brackets with rods to the crossbars of the frames of the bogies, it will have forces in the connections F ₁ = 22.5 kN, F ₂ = 3.96 kN and the equilibrium condition 27.2≡27.5, which indicates that this traction vehicle has the maximum possible ratio t using traction weight equal to

η _max = 1-8 · 0.4 · 1.06 · 16.8 / (2 · (16.8 ² +11.8 ² )) = 0.932.

When the traction vehicle moves in curves, the trolleys 8 and 9 rotate relative to the main frame 1, while in the left and right connections 20 or 23 there is a redistribution of reactive forces F ₁ and F ₂ , which in turn leads to a redistribution of longitudinal forces on the right and left axle boxes 15 and 17 and the creation of wheeled moments 13 and 14 of the unfolding moments, which set them in a radial position.

All this leads to a decrease in the size of the traction vehicle, especially its consoles, to a decrease in the size of biaxial bogies, to ensure the passage of small radius curves of 60 and 40 meters, the creation of four-axle and multi-axle traction vehicles based on modular biaxial bogies, which leads to a significant reduction in costs their manufacture, operation and repair.

Claims (3)

1. A traction vehicle containing a main frame equipped with automatic couplings, a body, a cab, two-stage spring suspension, two, three or four two-axle bogies containing frames, spring suspension, wheel sets with axle boxes, traction motors, traction gearboxes, traction rods, characterized in that the main frame of the traction vehicle is equipped with central brackets located along its longitudinal axis and passed between the axes of each traction carriage and pivotally connected by rods, located horizontally or at an angle to the horizontal in the vertical median plane, with the frames of these carts or with the axles of the rear wheel pairs of one or two front carts and the front wheel pairs of one or two rear carts, and four side brackets for each cart, two of which are pivotally connected with brackets for axleboxes of the front wheelsets of one or two front carts and rear wheelsets of one or two rear carts with ties located at an angle to the horizontal or horizontal, while the axle boxes of these wheelsets are connected to the ammo of the respective bogies with leashes located above their axes, and two other side brackets are pivotally connected to the brackets of the axle boxes of the rear wheel pairs of one or two front carts and the front wheel pairs of one or two rear carts with ties located at an angle to the horizontal or horizontal, these wheelsets are connected to the frames of the respective trolleys by leashes located below their axles. 2. Traction vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that the maximum possible utilization of the grip weight

where N is the number of traction axles; Ψ - coefficient of adhesion of wheels to rails; N _a - the height of automatic couplings above the top of the rail heads; L _H - the distance between the middle of the front and rear bogies; L _B - the distance between the middle of the middle bogies, achieved by the fact that the parameters of the device, taken once, are determined by the ratios

or respectively

where F ₁ and F ₂ are the horizontal projections of the forces in the connections connecting the side brackets of the main frame with the brackets of the axleboxes, respectively, of the front wheel pairs of one or two front trucks and the rear wheel pairs of one or two rear trucks; Q _sc - the grip weight of the wheelset; a and c are the vertical distances between the axles of the axleboxes of the respective wheelsets and their leashes; b and d are the vertical distances between the axles of the axleboxes and the hinges of the levers of the axleboxes of the respective wheel pairs; r is the radius of the wheel; α and β are the angles of inclination to the horizon of the corresponding bonds; l ₁ and l ₂ - horizontal longitudinal distances between the hinges of the axle boxes and the hinges of the corresponding central brackets; l ₃ and l ₄ - horizontal longitudinal distances between the hinges of the levers of the axleboxes and the corresponding axleboxes; e is the horizontal distance between the axle box spring and the axle shaft; h is the vertical distance between the hinge of the central bracket and the level of the top of the rail heads; C _with and With _p - the longitudinal stiffness of the bond and leash; With _PB and C _ol - the transverse and longitudinal stiffness of the axle box assembly; N _f - the height of the second stage of spring suspension above the level of the top of the rail heads; With _f - lateral stiffness of the second stage of spring suspension; With _t and C _to - horizontal stiffness of the rod and the center bracket; m - when connecting rods with frames of bogies and axles of wheelsets, respectively. 3. Traction vehicle according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the axlebox brackets are passed through the sidewalls of the trolley frames.

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