RU2166384C1 - Closed pneumatic separator for grain mixtures - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture, flour-milling and feed mill industry. SUBSTANCE: separator has fan with suction branch pipe and exhaust diffuser, air supplying and pneumatic separation channels, and settling chamber with light fraction discharge device. Settling chamber is communicated via inlet baffle-type window with exhaust diffuser and via bypass channel with lower part of pneumatic separating channel. Bypass channel is provided with flow rate regulator. Baffle-type window is positioned in the vicinity of curved wall of exhaust diffuser. Such arrangement provides for effective catching and settling of light contaminants. Air flow rate regulator mounted on bypass channel provides for adequate admission of air containing light contaminants into settling chamber and discharge of purified air from settling chamber into pneumatic separating channel. Separator of such construction is designed for postharvest processing of grain, and may be used in many branches of industry. EFFECT: wider operational capabilities and increased efficiency. 1 dwg

Description

 The present invention is intended for the purification of grain mixtures by air flow and can be used in agriculture during post-harvest processing of grain, as well as in the milling and elevator and animal feed industry.

 A closed pneumatic separating device is known, which consists of two diametrical fans, an air supplying channel located between them, a pneumatic separating channel with a feeding device located on its outer wall, and a sedimentation chamber with a device for removing light impurities. The sedimentation chamber is in communication with the upper part of the air separation channel. In the lower part - at the interface between the air supply channel and the air separating one, the first fan is installed, and the second one is connected to the air supply channel at the outlet of the sedimentation chamber and the discharge pipe. A device for outputting refined grain is made on the body of the first fan, and at the same time, a part of the fan wheel — in the area where the air stream exits the discharge pipe — is blocked by a mesh that prevents trauma to the blades of the wheel of refined grain removed from the air separation channel to the unloading device [1].

 The disadvantage of this machine is that two diametrical fans are used to generate air flow, which leads to an increased specific energy consumption for processing grain material.

 In addition, the installation of a protective mesh provides additional resistance to the exit of the air flow into the discharge pipe of the first fan, as a result of which the pressure created by it decreases, and the fan operation mode shifts to the region of lower efficiency values. This also leads to an increase in the total and specific (referred to the unit mass of processed grain material) energy costs.

 In addition, this device has a long air system, which in turn increases the metal consumption and complicates the design of the machine.

 The closest in technical solution and the achieved result to the present invention relates to a closed pneumatic separator of grain mixtures, including a sedimentation chamber with a device for outputting light impurities, an air supply channel and a pneumatic separating channel with a loading window made on its inner wall communicated with it with its upper part, and a diametrical fan installed at the junction of the lower sections of the air supply and air separation channels, the discharge pipe of which th pneumoseparating coupled to the channel and on the external wall has a window defined therein dividers forming output device refined grains. The air supply and pneumatic separating channels of the machine are located on opposite sides of the sedimentary chamber [2].

 This closed pneumatic separator of grain mixtures is similar in design to the described air system of the grain cleaning machine. The separator also has a rather long and complex branched suction network, which leads to an increase in the total resistance of the network, and this in turn increases the energy consumption when generating air flow by a fan. The presence of such a long air system also increases the metal consumption, complicates the design and operation of the machine. Therefore, this machine, the ongoing processes in which are similar to the processes occurring in the analogue, has the same disadvantages as the analogue.

 The essence of the proposed development lies in the fact that for a known closed pneumatic separator of grain mixtures, a pneumatic separating channel is connected to the suction pipe of the diametrical fan, and the sediment chamber communicates with the exhaust diffuser of the fan through the inlet louvre window located in the area of its curved wall, and through the bypass channel having air flow regulator, with the bottom of the air separation channel.

 As a result of the analysis of literary sources, no identical execution of the proposed device was found. Moreover, distinctive features from the prototype signs give the claimed combination of new properties, manifested in a positive effect.

 The connection of the air separation channel directly to the suction pipe of the diametrical fan, and the latter through the air supply channel with the air separation channel, reduces the length of the air path, which leads to a significant decrease in the metal consumption of the machine and its aerodynamic resistance.

 Due to the fact that the sedimentary chamber communicates with the exhaust diffuser of the diametrical fan through the inlet louvre window located in the area of its curved wall, efficient trapping and deposition of light impurities is ensured. This is because light impurities coming from the air separation channel and moving along the curved wall of the exhaust fan diffuser are completely caught by the inlet louver window. Impurities moving directly near the wall are captured by the inlet window, and scattered along the depth of the diffuser by the louvered part of the window. In order to avoid turbulization of the air flow in the exhaust diffuser of the fan, the removal of light impurities through the inlet louvre window into the sedimentary chamber is carried out with part of the air (6-12% of the total amount of generated air flow). The entry into the sedimentation chamber with a small amount of air of light impurities leads to an increase in the efficiency of deposition of the latter. In addition, the exclusion of the sedimentary chamber from the air path of the main generated air flow also reduces the aerodynamic drag of the air separation device.

 Further, due to the fact that the sedimentary chamber communicates through the bypass channel with an air flow regulator with the lower part of the pneumatic separation channel, the air cleaned from light impurities is removed directly from the sedimentary chamber to the pneumatic separation zone of the grain material, while the additional air flow into this zone improves parameters of the effect of cleaning the processed material. The air flow regulator installed in the bypass channel provides a rational flow of air with light impurities through the inlet louvre window to the sedimentation chamber and the discharge of the last cleaned air into the air separation channel.

 As a result, when the proposed device is operating, a positive effect is achieved that significantly exceeds the effect of the prototype. A new set of features of the claimed device, providing a positive effect specified in the purpose of the invention, has significant differences.

 The drawing shows a closed pneumatic separator of grain mixtures, longitudinally vertical view.

 A closed pneumatic separator of grain mixtures consists of a diametrical fan 1 having a wheel 2, a suction pipe 3 and an exhaust diffuser 4 connected to an air supply channel 5, a sediment chamber 6 with a device for outputting light fractions, an inclined air separation channel 8. A pneumatic separation channel 8 at the top directly connected to the suction pipe 3 of the diametrical fan 1. On the inner wall of the air separation channel 8, a loading window 9 is made in which a feeding device is installed Property 10 (for example, a screw, the grain mixture to which is fed from the side of the air separator). In the lower part, the pneumatic separating channel 8 has an opening with dividers 11 installed in it, forming a device for outputting refined grain, and in the upper part, an adjusting device (damper) 12. The sedimentation chamber 6 communicates with the exhaust diffuser 4 of fan 1 through the inlet louver window 13, located in the area of its curved wall. For a more efficient deposition of light impurities in the sedimentation chamber 6, a louvered plane 14. is installed. The sedimentation chamber 6 through the bypass channel 15 having an air flow regulator 16 communicates with the lower part of the air separation channel 8.

 Structurally closed pneumatic separator may be a mirror image of the described device.

 A closed pneumatic separator of grain mixtures works as follows.

 The air pumped by the diametrical fan 1, through the air supply channel 5 enters the pneumatic separation channel 8. The cleaned grain mixture is fed into the pneumatic separation channel 8 through the loading window 9 into the pneumatic separation channel 8, from which light impurities are taken out through the pipe 3 to the fan 1, and it is captured blades and, passing through its rotor, are discarded by centrifugal forces to the periphery and, moving along the curved wall of the exhaust diffuser 4 of fan 1, through the inlet louver window 13 of the priest ayut in sediment chamber 6 together with a part of air. The main air stream, separated in the exhaust diffuser 4 of the fan 1 by the inlet louver window 13 from light impurities, enters again into the air supply channel for the subsequent execution of the process. In the sedimentation chamber 6, light impurities are deposited due to gravitational-inertial forces and the device 7 is brought out. Purified from light impurities, the air from the sedimentation chamber 6 through the bypass channel 15 enters the lower part of the air separation channel 8. The cleaned grain mixture through the hole with the dividers 11 installed in it is brought out. Dividers 11, forming channels, exclude the breakthrough of air.

 The air velocity in the flow part of the pneumatic separator, and therefore in the air separation channel 8, is controlled by setting the damper 12 in an appropriate position. The rational intake of air with light impurities through the inlet louvre window 13 into the sedimentation chamber 6 and the discharge from the last cleaned air into the air separation channel 8 through the bypass channel 15 is provided by the air flow regulator 16.

 The advantage of the invention in comparison with the prototype is to improve the quality of cleaning grain material, reducing the specific energy consumption of the process of pneumatic separation and metal consumption of the machine, the simplicity of design and operation of the machine.

List of references
1. A. p. N 1313526, MKI 4 B 07 B 4/00. Grain Cleaning Machine / V.D. Oleinikov, N.I. Grabelkovsky, A.A. Gehtman, V.V. Antyukhin, N.P. Sychugov, A.I. Burkov, S.M. Kuklin. - N 3857660 / 29-03; Stated 02.22.85 / Discovery. Inventions - 1987. - N 20.

 2. Patent N 2047403, IPC 6 B 07 B 4/00. Closed pneumatic separator of grain mixtures / N.P. Sychugov. - N 93015350/03; Stated March 23, 93 / Discoveries. Inventions - 1995. - N 31 - prototype.

Claims (1)

 A closed pneumatic separator of grain mixtures, including a sedimentary chamber with a device for removing light impurities, an air supply channel and a pneumatic separating channel connected to it with a side loading window made on its inner wall and having a hole in the lower part with dividers installed in it forming an output device purified grain, and installed at the junction of the air supply and pneumatic separating channels, a diametrical fan, characterized in that it is pneumatically separating th channel connected to the suction pipe diametrical fan and sedimentary chamber communicates with an exhaust fan through the diffuser inlet louvre window located in the region of its curved wall and a through passageway having an air flow regulator, to the lower part pneumoseparating channel.