RU2357808C1 - Pneumatic system of winnower - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: engines and pumps.

SUBSTANCE: invention is related to agricultural machine building, in particular to machines for shelling and separation of grains. Pneumatic system of winnower includes pneumatic separating channels of primary and secondary shelling, two settling chambers separated by wall, dust arrester, diametrical fan, discharge nozzle of which is connected to inlet window of dust catcher, air supply channel, accessories for supply of grain mixture and withdrawal of fractions, mechanisms of air speed control in pneumatic separating channels, nozzle for spent air exhaust. Air supply channel with its one end is connected to outlet window of dust catcher, and by the second end - to pneumatic separating channel of secondary shelling. Nozzle for exhaust of spent air is connected by its one end to outlet window of dust catcher, and with its other end - to atmosphere. Pneumatic separating channel of primary shelling also communicates to atmosphere.

EFFECT: increased quality of grains shelling.

1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agricultural machinery, in particular to machines for cleaning and sorting grain materials.

Known suction system of a grain cleaning machine, including two suction channels, two sedimentary chambers, separated by a wall, a diametrical fan, devices for entering the grain mixture and output of its fractions, mechanisms for controlling the air velocity in the suction channels (AS USSR No. 1512687, class B07B 4/02, 1989).

The disadvantage of this pneumatic system is the increased energy consumption for removal and purification of exhaust air.

The closest in technical essence and the achieved result to the present invention relates to a device for separating the grain mixture by air flow, comprising two pneumatic separation channels, two sedimentary chambers separated by a wall, a diametrical fan with a discharge pipe connected to the inlet window of the dust collector and the primary air supply duct and unloading devices, mechanisms for regulating air velocity in pneumatic separating channels. Pneumatic separation channels work in parallel, processing the grain mixture before and after sieves. The closed loop air movement (RF patent No. 2083297, class B07B 4/02, 1997 - prototype).

The quality of cleaning the grain material processed in the specified device is low, since a lot of dust is contained on its surface due to the dustiness of the air circulating in the pneumatic system.

The problem that needs to be solved is to improve the quality of grain cleaning by treating the grain mixture in the air separation channel for primary cleaning with clean atmospheric air.

The problem is solved with the help of the pneumatic system of a grain cleaning machine, including pneumatic separation channels for primary and secondary cleaning, two sedimentary chambers separated by a wall, a diametrical fan, the discharge pipe of which is connected to the inlet window of the dust collector, the air supply channel connected at one end to the output end of the dust collector, the second end with a pneumatic separating channel for secondary cleaning, devices for entering the grain mixture and removing fractions, mechanisms for controlling the air velocity in the stump in the separating channels, wherein the pneumatic system is equipped with an exhaust air outlet pipe connected to the outlet window of the dust collector, while the primary air purifying channel and the exhaust air outlet pipe are in communication with the atmosphere.

Also known is the pneumatic system of a grain cleaning machine (AS USSR No. 1799641, class B07B 4/02, 1993), in which the task of improving the quality of grain cleaning is solved due to the fact that the pneumatic separation channel of the secondary cleaning is connected to the atmosphere, the discharge pipe of the fan is connected simultaneously with an air outlet channel of the pneumatic system and an air outlet channel of the primary cleaning, and at the junction of the discharge pipe with the air outlet channel a louvre grille is installed.

A significant drawback of this pneumatic system is that the grain mixture is processed in the primary air purifying channel with insufficiently purified air due to the absence of special dust collecting devices (except for the louvre grille). This disadvantage is especially evident in the processing of grain mixtures infected with fungal diseases, when the air circulating in a closed circuit contains spores of fungi.

In the proposed pneumatic system of the grain cleaning machine, the grain mixture is first treated with clean air, and then with air that has gone through three stages of cleaning - a louvre cleaner, a dust settling chamber, and a counterflow cleaner. The quality of grain cleaning will be higher, since fungal spores are removed from the surface of the grains at the beginning of the process.

The drawing shows a diagram of the pneumatic system of a grain cleaning machine.

The pneumatic system contains two pneumatic separation channels 1 and 2 of primary and secondary cleaning, two sedimentation chambers 3 and 4, separated by a wall 5, a dust collector 6, consisting of a louvre cleaner 7, a dust precipitation chamber 8 and a counterflow cleaner 9, a diametrical fan 10 with a discharge pipe 11, an air supply channel 12, exhaust air outlet pipe 13, devices 14 and 15 for entering the grain mixture into pneumatic separating channels 1 and 2, devices 16, 17, 18, 19, 20 for output of refined grain, light fractions and dust, mechanisms 21 and 22 of the regulator ation pneumoseparating air velocity in channels 1 and 2. The discharge connection 11 is connected to the input window of the dust collector 6. The air supply channel 12 is connected at one end to the exit window 6 of the dust collector, the second end - with channel 2 pneumoseparating secondary purification. The exhaust air outlet pipe 13 is connected to the outlet window of the dust collector 6. The second end of the pipe 13 and the primary air cleaning channel 1 are in communication with the atmosphere.

The pneumatic system of the grain cleaning machine operates as follows.

The cereal mixture with the device 14 is fed into the pneumatic separation channel 1. The air flow created by the diametrical fan 10 enters the pneumatic separation channel 1 from the atmosphere, removes light impurities from the grain mixture into the sedimentation chamber 3, which are deposited in it and the device 18 is brought out.

The grain cleaned from the main part of light impurities through the device 16 enters the sieve mill of a grain cleaning machine (not shown), is processed on it and the device 15 is introduced into the air separation channel 2 of the secondary cleaning. The air flow from the discharge pipe 11 of the diametrical fan 10 enters the dust collector 6, passes through the louver cleaner 7, the dust precipitation chamber 8, the counterflow cleaner 9 and is cleaned of light particles and dust. Part of the purified air, approximately equal in amount to the volume of air passing through the pneumatic separating channel 1, is discharged out of the pneumatic system through the pipe 13. If necessary, it can be sent for additional cleaning to special dust collecting devices (cyclones, fabric filters, etc.). The remaining stream of purified air through the air inlet channel 12 enters the pneumatic separation channel 2 and removes remaining light impurities from the grain into the sedimentation chamber 4. Trapped impurities from the sedimentation chamber 4 by the device 19 are brought out. The cleaned grain from the air separation channel 2 is discharged through the device 17 and then used as intended.

The optimal air speeds in the pneumatic separating channels 1 and 2 are set using mechanisms (for example, throttle valves) 21 and 22.

The technical result - improving the quality of grain cleaning - is achieved by blowing the grain mixture first with clean atmospheric air, and then re-well cleaned from light impurities air.

Claims (1)

The pneumatic system of the grain cleaning machine, including the air separating channels for primary and secondary cleaning, two sedimentary chambers separated by a wall, a dust collector, a diametrical fan, the discharge pipe of which is connected to the inlet window of the dust collector, an air supply channel connected at one end to the exit window of the dust collector, and the second end to the pneumatic secondary cleaning, devices for entering the grain mixture and removing fractions, mechanisms for controlling the air velocity in the air separation channel x, characterized in that it is equipped with an exhaust air outlet pipe connected to the outlet window of the dust collector, wherein the primary air purifying channel and the exhaust air outlet pipe are in communication with the atmosphere.