RU2047403C1 - Closed-type pneumatic separator of grain mixtures - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture. SUBSTANCE: closed-type pneumatic separator of grain mixtures has settling vessel 7. Air-supply 6 and pneumoseparating 5 channels are mounted from the opposite sides of the vessel. Diametrical fan 1 is placed in the point of connecting the lower parts of air-supply 6 and pneumoseparating 5 channels. Delivery branch pipe 4 of the fan is conjugated with pneumoseparating channel 5 and has window 11 on the exterior wall. Dividers 12 forming a fixture for removing the purified grain are mounted in the window. Settling vessel 7 is equipped with a fixture for removing light impurities. The upper parts of air-supply channel 6 and pneumoseparating channel 5 are in communication with settling vessel 7. On its interior wall pneumoseparating channel 5 has charging window 9 with feeding device 10 mounted in it. The upper part of the wall separating settling vessel 7 from air-supply channel 6 is made jalousie. EFFECT: enhanced quality of seed material. 1 dwg

Description

 The invention can be used in postharvest processing of grain and for obtaining seed material in the farms of the agro-industrial complex, as well as in the milling and elevator and animal feed industry.

 Known pneumatic separator SP-5 with an open air system, designed to clean the seeds of grain crops from impurities that differ in aerodynamic properties. The separator consists of a base, a centrifugal fan with a speed regulator installed on its suction nozzle, a pneumatic separating channel, a hopper with a capacity regulator, a sedimentation chamber with an air flow divider, clean grain and air separating devices, air ducts, a tee and two inertial dust separators. The disadvantage of this separator is the removal of dusty air from inertial dust separators into the surrounding atmosphere.

 A pneumatic separator of grain mixtures is also known, consisting of a diametrical fan creating an injection air flow, a vertical air separation channel with a loading device, a sedimentation chamber with a collector for removing light impurities and a device for removing purified grain. The walls of the air separation channel are associated with the discharge pipe of the fan. An unloading window with dividers through which the cleaned grain is discharged is made on the fan casing. A part of the fan wheel in the area of the air flow exit to the discharge pipe is covered with a grid, which prevents the blades from injuring the wheels of the cleaned grain, which is removed from the pneumatic separation channel to the unloading device. However, this separator has the same drawback as the SP-5 separator. In addition, the installation of a protective net resists the exit of the air flow into the discharge pipe of the fan, as a result of which the pressure created by it decreases, and the fan operation mode shifts to the region of lower efficiency values. This leads to an increase in the total and specific (referred to the unit mass of processed grain material) energy costs.

 A closed pneumatic separating device is also known, which consists of two diametrical fans, an air supplying channel located between them, a pneumatic separating channel with a feeding device located on its outer wall, and a sedimentation chamber with a device for removing light impurities. The sedimentation chamber is in communication with the upper part of the air separation channel. The first fan is installed in the lower part at the interface between the air supply channel and the air separating one, and the second one is connected to the air supply channel at the outlet of the sedimentation chamber and the discharge pipe. Like a well-known fan, the same device for outputting refined grain is made on the body of the first fan.

 Since the pneumatic system of the device in question is closed, it does not remove dusty air into the surrounding atmosphere. However, this pneumatic separating device has the same disadvantage as the known pneumatic separator, the increased specific energy consumption for processing grain material due to the installation of a protective mesh at the wheel of the first fan.

 The drawing shows a closed pneumatic separator of grain mixtures, longitudinally vertical view.

 A closed pneumatic separator of grain mixtures consists of a diametrical fan 1 having a wheel 2, a housing 3 and a discharge pipe 4, an inclined pneumatic separating 5 and an air supplying 6 channels, a sedimentation chamber 7 with a device 8 for outputting light fractions. The air separating 5 and air supplying 6 channels are located on opposite sides of the sedimentation chamber 7, and the diameter fan 1 is located at the junction of the lower sections of the air supplying 6 and air separation 5 channels, while the discharge pipe 4 of the diametrical fan is connected to the air separation channel 5. The upper sections of the air separation 5 and air supply 6 channels are connected to the upper part of the sedimentation chamber 7. On the inner wall of the air separation channel 5 there is a loading window 9, in which a feeding device 10 has been installed (for example, a screw, the grain mixture to which is supplied from the side of the air separator). On the outer surface of the discharge pipe 4, which is a continuation of the housing 3 of the diametrical fan 1, there is a window 11 with a divider 12 installed in it, forming a device for outputting refined grain. On the upper part of the wall separating the sedimentary chamber 7 from the air supply channel 6, shutters 13 are made, and a regulating device (shutter) 14 is installed in the air separation channel.

 Structurally closed pneumatic separator may be a mirror image of the described device.

 A closed pneumatic separator of grain mixtures works as follows. The air taken from the air inlet channel 6 by the wheel 2 of the diametrical fan 1, from the discharge pipe 4 enters the pneumatic separation channel 5. The cleaned grain mixture is introduced into the pneumatic separation channel through the loading window 9 by the feeding device 10, from which light impurities are carried upstream into the sedimentation chamber 7 are deposited in it and the device 8 are removed outside the pneumatic separator. The cleaned grain mixture through the window 11 and the channels formed by the dividers 12, is output.

 Purified from light impurities, the air from the sedimentation chamber 7 through the air supply channel 6 is again supplied to the diametrical fan 1 for subsequent execution of the process. The removal of part of the air from the sedimentation chamber 7 into the air supply channel 6 through the louvers 13 reduces the air velocity as it approaches the output section of this channel, thereby increasing the degree of air purification from light impurities. The air velocity in the flow part of the pneumatic separator, and therefore in the pneumatic separating channel 5, is controlled by setting the valve 14 in the corresponding position.

 Due to the inclination of the air separation channel 5, its conjugation with the discharge pipe 4 of the diametrical fan 1 and the placement of the feeding device 10 in the window 9, made on the inner wall of the air separation channel 5, grain trauma by the wheel 2 of the diametrical fan 1 is excluded in the absence of a protective net. Therefore, in the pneumatic separator there is no unproductive decrease in air flow pressure, as a result of which the specific energy consumption for processing grain mixtures is reduced.

Claims (1)

 A CLOSED PNEUMATIC CEREAL GRAIN SEPARATOR, including a sedimentary chamber with a device for removing light impurities, an air supply channel communicated with it with its upper part and an air separation channel with a side loading window and installed at the junction of the lower sections of the air supply and pneumatic separation channels, the diameter of which is connected to the air separation channel and on the outer wall has a window with dividers installed in it, forming a device for output of refined grain, characterized in that the air supply and pneumatic separation channels are located on opposite sides of the sedimentation chamber, and the loading window is made on the inner wall of the pneumatic separation channel.