RU2159028C1 - Method for cultivating and harvesting of green manure crop, such as lupine - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture. SUBSTANCE: method involves sowing lupine in strips, with width of sown strips being equal to drill width, and width of unsown strip spacings being of the same value; cutting off lupine plants, when they reach milk stage, at 30-40 cm height; throwing mown mass to both sides of unsown strip spacings; plowing field. EFFECT: improved soil fertility and increased yield of following crop. 1 tbl

Description

 The invention relates to the field of agriculture, in particular to crop production, and may find application in the cultivation of green crops in the crop rotation link.

 A known method of cultivation of green manure crops, in which leguminous plants are sown in a steam field, is then plowed and thus the soil is prepared for other crops (V.G. Loshakov, N.M. Lichko, M.Sh. Begeulov "The effect of prolonged use of green fertilizer on the yield and grain quality of winter wheat and spring barley (Grain Farm, Journal N 4, 1998, p. 12).

 This method is not effective enough, since when cultivating a green manure, an increased seed rate is sown on the entire steam field, which increases the cost of green manure.

 The closest technical solution is a method of cultivating the sideral culture of lupine, in which ordinary crops are sown on green mass, and then plowed into the soil as fertilizer (Crop production, textbook edited by G. Pospypanova, -M .: Kolos, 1997).

 The disadvantage of the prototype method is that the lupine plants are harvested during the flowering phase, i.e. maximum biomass accumulation. During this period, a high-protein lupine culture accumulates an insufficient amount of protein and fat (as in seeds), which reduces the quality of fertilizer. In addition, with an ordinary or narrow-row sowing method, the seed sowing rate increases (up to 220 kg / ha, depending on the variety), which also reduces the effectiveness of the method.

 The technical result of the invention is to increase the efficiency of the method.

 The technical solution of the method consists in the fact that in the steam field lupine is sown with strips with a capture width of one pass of the seeder 3.6 m, and the plants are harvested in the phase of milk-wax ripeness of seeds at a cut height of 30-40 cm, and the mown mass is scattered on neighboring , not seeded on both sides of the strip, after which the whole field is smelled.

 The method is as follows. In spring, according to the autumn tillage after surface tillage, the lupine is sown in alternating strips, i.e., the plot is seeded with a seeder to a seed drill width of 3.6 m. The second strip is left unseeded. With this placement of the lupine, the seeding rate is reduced by half. When the plants form the fruits of milk-wax ripeness, they accumulate up to 40% protein and 6-9% fat. In the phase of flowering of a green plant (as in the prototype), the protein does not exceed 20%, and fat 2-3%. Mowing biomass in this phase, a much larger amount of protein and fat enters the soil, which stimulates the microbiological processes of the soil. If the plants are mowed at full grain ripeness, the mature biomass decomposes more slowly than in the milky-wax ripeness phase, when most of the leaves are still green and the plants contain less fiber and, at the same time, maximize the accumulation of nutrients.

 During the harvesting period, a cut is made at a height of 30-40 cm. The remaining plants, along with the roots, leaves and lower beans, are plowed into the soil. The upper part of the plants, mowed by the KS-1.8 aggregate, is thrown into the adjacent empty strip in crushed form, which accelerates their decomposition in the soil. Harvesting these bands allows you to quickly remove the sideral culture, conduct timely site preparation and increase soil fertility due to greater accumulation of protein - a nutrient medium for microorganisms.

 Example 1. In autumn, the soil was plowed. In the spring, the soil was prepared for sowing lupine. Sowing with the SZU-3.6 seeder was carried out to a width of 3.6 m in a continuous row method with a seeding rate of 110 kg per 1 ha. Sowing was carried out in strips with a distance of 3.6 m between them, i.e. the width of the sweep of the seeder SZU-3.6. In the phase of milk-wax ripeness, cleaning was carried out at a height of 30 cm by the KS-1.8 aggregate, throwing the cut mass left and right to a neighboring unseeded strip.

 Example 2. The sowing of lupine was carried out at a width of 3.6 m seeder with the same distance between them sowing strips. Harvesting was carried out at a cutting height of 40 cm in the phase of milk-wax ripeness of seeds.

 These results are summarized in table.

 Thus, the proposed method allows to significantly increase soil fertility, increase the yield of the subsequent potato culture and, in general, increase the efficiency of the method.

Claims (1)

 A method of cultivating and harvesting the sideral culture of lupine, including row sowing, mowing and incorporating biomass into the soil, characterized in that the crop is sown with strips of 3.6 m seeder with the same distance between them, and the plants are harvested in the milky-wax ripeness phase seeds at a cut height of 30 - 40 cm and the beveled mass is scattered on adjacent unseeded strips on both sides, after which the whole field is smelled.

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